• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 1992

The ${\alpha}-amylase$ from Bacillus licheniformis was purified and its thermostability in the presence of substrate and metal was ions investigated. Comparing D-values of the enzyme obtained in the presence of $Ca^{++}$, $B^{+++}$ and both $Ca^{++}$ and $B^{+++}$, the thermostability of the enzyme was markedly enhanced by the addition of metal ions. $Ca^{++}$ and $B^{+++}$ exhibited a protective action, the former ion being more effective, and both ions showed a synergistic effect. The enthalpy of activation for the thermal inactivation in the presence of metal ion was 320.2 kJ/mole for $Ca^{2+}$ ion, 212.9 kJ/mole for $B^{+++}$, while it was 183.9 kJ/mole in the absence of metal ions. In the thermal inactivation for 30 min at $96^{\circ}C$, the residual activity in the presence of 30% (w/w) starch was 51.0%, whereas the presence of $Ca^{++}$ ion additionally provided a remarkable thermo-resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2003

Samples of eleven brown midrib (ICSU 96031, ICSU 93046, ICSU 96082, ICSU 96078, ICSU 96075, ICSU 95101, ICSU 96034, ICSU 96063, ICSU 45116, ICSA 93-3 and ICSA 3845 X 3816) and nine white midrib genotypes (ICSU 96050, ICSU 96030, ISU 95082, SSG 59-3, FSHI 93-1, FSHI 2219A X 3211, HC 171, ICSA 93-2 and ICSA 93-1) based on their phenotypic appearance were collected at 50 per cent flowering from the sorghum germplasm grown at Research farm of IGFRI, Jhansi. These genotypes were evaluated with respect to crude protein, fiber composition, in-sacco dry matter, OM, cell wall components disappearance/digestibility besides the fodder yield, total phenolic and availability index values. Brown midrib genotypes were lower (p<0.05) in NDF, ADF, cellulose and acid detergent lignin concentration than white midrib genotypes. Mean NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin contents were 69.4, 42.1, 35.4 and 5.7% in brown mid rib vis-a vis 75.8, 47.5, 39.6 and 7.3% in white mid rib genotypes. Nonsignificant (p>0.05) differences were observed in dry matter, crude protein and organic matter contents between brown midrib and white midrib genotypes. Phenolic contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in browm mid rib (0.2) than white mid rib (0.3%) sorghum. Brown midrib genotypes exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher in-sacco DM, OM and CP disappearance than normal (white midrib) genotypes. The mean degradability of DM, OM and CP was 64.1, 62.6 and 79.6% in brown mid rib and 53.1, 54.0 and 76.6% in white mid rib genotypes, respectively. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between genotypes in extent of fiber fraction degradability though in-sacco NDF and ADF degradability was more by 5 and 4 units, respectively in brown midrib genotypes vis-a-vis white midrib genotypes. Average fodder yield (green and dry g/plant) and availability index (%) values were significantly (p<0.05) higher for brown midrib (474.2, 129.8 and 80.4) genotypes than white midrib (375.0, 104.8 and 69.2) genotypes. Lignin contents had significant negative correlation with DM, OM, NDF and ADF degradability. The results of the study revealed that brown midrib genotypes are superior not only with regard to chemical entities and disappearance of DM and fiber fractions but also better in respect of fodder yield and availability index values. Thus, brown midrib sorghum strains may be useful in increasing digestibility, intake, feed efficiency and animal performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2014

A simplified material model, which was efficiently implemented in a three-dimensional finite solid element (3D FE) analysis for wood was developed. The bi-linear elasto-plastic anisotropic material theory was adopted to describe constitutive relations of wood in three major directions including longitudinal, radial and tangential direction. The assumption of transverse isotropy was made to reduce the requisite 27 material constants to 6 independent constants including elastic moduli, yield stresses and Poisson's ratios in the parallel, and perpendicular to grain directions. The results of Douglas fir compression tests in the three directions were compared to the 3D FE simulation incorporated with the wood material model developed in this study. Successful agreements of the results were found in the load-deformation curves and the permanent deformations. Future works and difficulties expected in the advanced application of the model were discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Prior to determining an optimal width of micropatterned grooves provided on titanium substrata, we have done a pilot study using surface topographies in combined microm and submicrom levels. Purpose. The purpose of this study was twofold 1) to assess the proliferation and 2) to analyze the expression of genes encoding the intracellular signaling proteins involved in cell-substratum adhesions and adhesion-dependent G1 phase cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts plated on smooth and microgrooved/acid-etched titanium substrata. Material and methods. Three groups of titanium discs as NE0 (smooth Ti substrata), E15 (Ti substrata with microgrooves of $15{\mu}m$ of spacing and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and with further acidetching), and E30 (Ti substrata with microgrooves of $30{\mu}m$ spacing and $3.5{\mu}m$ in depth and with further acid-etching) served as the human gingival fibroblasts' substrata. Viability and proliferation of fibroblasts were determined using an XTT assay. Gene expressions of fibronectin, ${\alpha}5$ integrin, CDK4, and $p27^{kip}$ were analyzed in RT-PCR. Cell-substratum interactions were analyzed in SEM. Results. From the XTT assay at 24 h incubation, the mean optical density (OD) value of E15 was significantly greater than the values of E30 and NE0. At 48 and 96 h however, the mean OD values of E30 were significantly greater than the values of E15 and NE0. No differences in the expression of PCR transcripts at 96 h incubations were noted between groups, whereas at 48 h, an unexpected increase in the expression of all the transcripts were noted in E15 compared with other two groups. Fibroblasts were observed to orient and adhere inside the microgrooves. Conclusion. Micropatterned grooves and acid-etching on Ti substrata alter viability and gene expression of adhered human gingival fibroblasts.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 1999

This study was attempted to examine the sensory quality, the degree of gelatinization, color, texture and moisture content of Paeksulgies made with black color rice. The results were as follows: The moisture contents was about 32-36%. L-value on the control group was high, 94.74 and $A_1$, $A_2$, and $C_1$ group were 78.72, 78.58, and 78.43 respectively. As the amount of color rice was increased, L-value on the Paeksulgis was decreased. The gelatinization of Paeksulgis added with color block rice was most increased at C group and D group. In sensory quality. Paeksulgis added with 4-10% block color rice showed the most favorable sensory evaluation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.601-611
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of negative parenting attitudes on adolescents' academic helplessness through the mediating effects of social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. Data from the panel study of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) collected by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) was used to examine the research model. The subjects of the study consisted of 2,541 first grade middle school students (1,375 boys and 1,166 girls). Confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], structural equation modeling [SEM], and bootstrapping analysis were conducted by means of SPSS 25.0, AMOS 25.0, and Hayes's PROCESS programs to examine the serial multiple mediating effects. The study results were as follows. First, negative parenting attitude had a direct effect on adolescents' academic helplessness. This implies that adolescents who perceive their parents' attitudes to be high in coercive, rejective, and chaotic levels indicate that they can easily get exhausted in academic settings. Second, negative parenting attitudes had an indirect effect on adolescents' academic helplessness through social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. The results suggest that a high level of negative parenting attitude leads to higher social withdrawal and smartphone dependency that influences adolescents' academic helplessness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Purpose : To determine the optimal scheme of postoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer by comparing survival, Patterns of failure, toxicities in early and late radiotherapy groups using a Phase III randomized prospective clinical trial. Materials and Methods : From January 1996 to March 1999, 307 patients with curatively resected AJCC stage II and III rectal cancer were assigned randomly to an 'early (151 patients, arm 1)' or a 'late (156 patients, arm II)' and were administered combined chemotherapy (5-FU $375\;mg/m^2/day$, leucovorin $20\;mg/m^2$, IV bolus daily, for 3 days with RT, 5 days without RT, 8 cycles with 4 weeks interval) and radiation therapy (whole pelvis with 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks). Patients of arm I received radiation therapy from day 1 of the first cycle of chemotherapy and those of arm II from day 57 with a third cycle of chemotherapy. The median follow-up period of living patients was 40 months. Results : Of the 307 patients enrolled, fifty patients did not receive scheduled radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The overall survival rate and disease free survival rate at 5 years were $78.3\%\;and\;68.7\%$ in arm I, and $78.4\%\;and\;67.5\%$ in arm II. The local recurrence rate was $6.6\%\;and\;6.4\%$ (p=0.46) in arms I and II, respectively, no significant difference was observed between the distant metastasis rates of the two arms ($23.8\%\;and\;29.5\%$, p=0.16). During radiation therapy, grade 3 diarrhea or more, by the NCI common toxicity criteria, was observed in $63.0\%\;and\;58.2\%$ of the respective arms (p=N.S.), but most were controlled with supportive care. Hematologic toxicity (leukopenia) greater than RTOG grade 2 was found in only $1.3\%\;and\;2.6\%$ of patients in each respective arm. Conclusion : There was no significant difference in survival, patterns of failure or toxicities between the early and late radiation therapy arms. Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation was found to be a relatively safe treatment but higher compliance is needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to show a reform measures by grouping for problems by the survey of TMR plants. Twenty total mixed ration (TMR) plants (10 cooperation and 10 private plants) were surveyed, of which 13 plants, 65% of total TMR plants, committed TMR formulae to a outside nutrition specialist (TMR formulator). With respect to consulting fee for TMR formulae, $500{\sim}900$ thousands Won was paid monthly. On the basis of dry matter 1kg, the prices of TMR products were $325.6{\sim}347.0$Won, whereas those of wet TMR products $365.7{\sim}375.0$Won, which was appeared to be factors to increase management cost. And also, because the TMR plants did not provide TDN (total digestible nutrient) value on their products, nutritional balance feeding for cows could not be managed in farms. It was calculated, based on ADF (acid detergent fiber) value, that TDN value in dry type TMR was 63.0% and 73.2% fur private and cooperation TMR plants, respectively and that the corresponding figure in wet type TMR was 64.9% and 67.2%. According to TMR plant employee's opinion, a prier items to enlarge TMR utilization were TMR education, TMR advertisement, and improvement of ability to make TMR formula. Therefore, for the purpose of further development of TMR, special education of persons related to TMR should be supported.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 1997

$V_{2}O_{5}/ThO_{2}/Pd$-doped $SnO_{2}$ sensor has a good selectivity and stability to CO at high sensor temperature of about $500^{\circ}C$, and shows rapid response. In particular, many kinds of interference gases, such as $NO_{x}$, $C_{3}H_{8}$, $CH_{4}$ and $SO_{2}$ have been found to give only a slight influence on the sensor selectivity to CO gas sensitivity by doped $V_{2}O_{5}$ (3.0 wt.%). For the sensor we used well-known thick film technological route with $V_{2}O_{5}$(3.0 wt.%), Pd(1.0 wt.%) and $ThO_{2}$(l.5 wt.%) as catalytic materials. In the case of mixed $NO_{x}$-CO gases, as combustion exhaust gas, only CO detection by $SnO_{2}$ type semiconductor sensor is generally very difficult because of $NO_{x}$ interference. The developed sensors can use to measure the exhausting gas of the automobile or the boiler for the Air-to-Fuel ratio control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 2019

Microtubules form through the polymerization of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-tubulin$, and tubulin transport plays an important role in defining the rate of microtubule growth inside cellular appendages, such as the cilia and flagella. Heterotrimeric kinesin 2 is a molecular motor member of the kinesin superfamily (KIF) that moves along the microtubules to transport multiple cargoes. It consists of two motor subunits (KIF3A and KIF3B) and a kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3), forming a heterotrimeric complex. Heterotrimeric kinesin 2 interacts with many different binding proteins through the cargo-binding domains of the KIF3s, but these binding proteins have not yet been specified. To identify these proteins for KIF3A, we performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening and found a specific interaction with ${\beta}2-tubulin$ (Tubb2), a microtubule component. Tubb2 was found to bind to the cargo-binding domain of KIF3A but did not interact with KIF3B, KIF5B, or kinesin light chain 1 in the Y2H assay. The carboxyl-terminal region of Tubb2 is essential for interaction with KIF3A. Other Tubb isoforms, including Tubb1, Tubb3, Tubb4, and Tubb5, also interacted with KIF3A in the Y2H screening. However, ${\alpha}1-tubulin$ (Tuba1) did not interact with KIF3A. In addition, an antibody to KIF3A specifically co-immunoprecipitated the KIF3B and KAP3 associated with Tubb2 from mouse brain extracts. In combination, these results suggest that a heterotrimeric kinesin 2 motor protein is capable of binding to tubulin and may transport it in cells.