• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 1998

동사리, Odontobutis platycephala 수컷의 명확한 생식주기를 밝히고자 1995년 12월부터 1997년 11월까지 생식소 중량지수(gonadosomatic index, GSI), 정소의 발달양상 및 혈중 성스테로이드 호르몬 변화양상을 조사하였다. 정소의 모양은 7월부터 10월까지는 콩깍지 모양이었는데, 11월부터는 후반부가 비대해져 올챙이와 유사한 형태였다. GSI는 7월부터 9월까지 0.14~0.18였으며, 10월에 $0.43{\pm}0.04$로 증가하여 2월까지 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으나, 3월에는 $0.52{\pm}0.09$로 증가하였으며, 5월까지는 비슷한 수준에 머물렀다가, 6월에는 $0.28{\pm}0.05$로 낮아졌다. 생식주기에 따른 정소의 생식세포 발달은 전반부, 경계부, 후반부에서 다른 양상을 보였다. 7월의 대부분 개체의 정소는 세정관이 없었으며, 정자형성과정이 아직 시작되지 않은 상태로 정원세포들만을 볼 수 있었다. 전반부에서 정자형성단계의 세정관들은 8월에 출현하여 9월부터 12월까지는 80% 이상이었으며 1월부터 3월까지는 점차적으로, 4월에는 급격히 감소하여 6월에는 나타나지 않았다. 정자완성단계 세정관은 12월부터 출현하여 3월까지 점차적으로, 4월에 80%로 급격히 증가한 후 6월에 90%로 년 중 최고 수준에 이르렀다. 그러나 정자방출후 세정관은 나타나지 않았으며, 정원세포들은 7월에 100%, 8월에 65% 였으나 나머지 기간에는 20%이하로 년 중 존재하였다. 경계부에서도 8월부터 정자형성단계 세정관이 출현한 후 매월 증가하여 11월에 82%에 이르렀으며 12월부터 감소하여 3월부터는 나타나지 않았다. 정자완성단계 세정관은 11월에 출현하여 2월까지는 18% 이하였으나, 3월부터 6월까지 29%~57%의 수준을 보였다. 정자방출후 세정관은 3월부터 6월까지 12%~25%로 나타났다. 정원세포는 8월에 85%, 9월에 67%, 10월에 35%, 11월에 10%로 감소하였으며, 1월부터는 점차적으로 증가하여 4월에 50%를 보인후 6월까지 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 후반부에서는 일부의 개체에서 수개의 정원세포를 지닌 세정관이 7월부터 출현하였다. 정자형성단계에 세정관은 8월에 80%, 9월에 85%였으나 10월부터는 급격히 감소하여 11월에서 2월까지는 10%이하였으며, 3월부터는 나타나지 않았다. 정자완성단계 세정관은 8월에 출현하여 10월부터 급격히 증가해 11월에는 75%에 이르렀고 12월에는 15%로 급격히 감소하여 3월까지 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 4월부터는 나타나지 않았다. 정자방출후 세정관은 11월에 출현하여 12월에 82%로 급격히 증가한 후 6월까지 85%~95%로 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 정원세포들은 8월에 15%로 감소하였으며 10월부터 3월까지는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 4월부터 다시 출현하여 6월까지 10%이하에 머물렀다. 혈중 testosterone (T)의 농도는 8월부터 완만하게 증가하여 11월에 $0.61{\pm}0.09 ng/m\ell$ 였으며, 12월부터는 $3.99{\pm}1.22 ng/m\ell$로 급격히 상승하여 3월까지 높은 수준을 유지했다. 그러나 4월에 $0.52{\pm}0.14ng/m\ell$로 감소하기 시작하였으며, 5월에 $0.17{\pm}0.13 ng/m\ell$로 낮아진 후 7월까지 유의한 변화는 보이지 않았다(P<0.05). $17\alpha$,$20\beta$-dihyd-roxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17\alpha$,$20\beta$-P)은 12월에 $0.19{\pm}0.01 ng/m\ell$로 약간 감소하였으며, 4월까지는 유의한 변화는 보이지 않고, 5월에 $0.38{\pm}0.03 ng/m\ell$로 급격히 증가하여 peak에 달하였다. 6월에는 $0.19{\pm}0.04 ng/m\ell$로 낮아졌으며, 11월까지 유의한 변화는 보이지 않았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면 동사리는 정소의 부위에 따라 각각 다른 발달양상을 보였다. 즉 전반부에는 7월이 정원세포증식기, 8월~11월은 성숙초기, 12월~3월은 성숙중기, 4월~5월은 성숙후기, 6월은 기능적 성숙기로 구분되었다. 경계부에서는 7월이 정원세포 증식기, 8월~10월은 성숙초기, 11월~2월은 성숙중기였으며, 3월~6월은 성숙후기, 기능적 성숙기, 후번식기의 특징이 동시에 출현하였다. 후반부에서는 7월이 정원세포증식기, 8월~9월은 성숙중기, 10월은 성숙후기, 11월은 기능적 성숙기, 12월~6월은 후번식기로 구분되었다. 이러한 생식주기의 변화는 성스테로이드 호르몬의 변화양상과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제3권호
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• pp.54-70
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• 1993

According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.