• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2015

Satellite selection and exclusion techniques have been applied to the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with the aim of achieving a balance between navigational performance and computational efficiency. Conventional approaches to satellite selection based on the best dilution of precision (DOP) are excessively computational and complicated. This paper proposes a new method that applies a geometric sensitivity index of individual GNSS satellites. The sensitivity index is derived using the inner product of the line of sight (LOS) vector of each satellite. First, the LOS vector is computed, which accounts for the geometry between the satellite and user positions. Second, the inner product of each pair of LOS vectors is calculated, which indicates the proximities of the satellites to one another. The proximity can be determined according to the sensitivity of each satellite. A post-processing test was conducted to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The proposed index and the results of a conventional approach that measures the dilution of precision (DOP) were compared. The test results demonstrate that the proposed index produces results that are within 96% of those of the conventional approach and reduces the computational burden. This index can be utilized to estimate the sensitivity of individual satellites, obtaining a navigation solution. Therefore, the proposed index applies to satellite selection and exclusion as well as to the sensitivity analyses of multiple GNSS applications.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

본 연구는 단기간 템플스테이 체험이 일상스트레스감소에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 남 여 모두 템플스테이 체험 전 보다 체험 후 평균 일상 스트레스 척도 점수가 현저히 낮았다. 템플스테이 체험 전, 템플스테이 체험 1주일 후, 1개월 후, 3개월 후의 스트레스 척도 점수는 성별과 연령에 관계없이 거의 모두 템플스테이 직전이 가장 높았다. 이어 템플스테이 체험 3개월 후, 1개월 후, 1주일 후의 순서로 나타났다. 마지막으로 연령별 스트레스 척도 점수는 남성의 경우 60대에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 여성은 30대와 40대에서 다소 높게 나타났다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.23-59
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• 1975

Indexes has not devcloped as an independent branch in library science from the beginning, but it has gradually evolved in a clo~eas sociation with catalog and under the direct influence of the development of publishing pro cesses and of the rapid social changes. Historically, index in the West can be traced back to eariler concordance. On the other hand, index in the Bast does not show a continuous development. It started with book catnlog, but other types of indexing were later 'adopted from the West. Indexing in the West and in the East can be summarized as follows: 1) In the West, Taylor considers Gesner's Pandectae was the first index but the Concordance of the Bible in 1247 was the first true index. Indexing method was first established later in 1545 in Gesner's Partitiones which appeared in three volumes. Classified index appeared after Partitions, but alphabetically ordered index was not developed until th eseventeenth century. The pxiodical index of La France S~auante in 1683 proved -its value, and Poole's An Alphabetical Index in the nineteenth century became the turning point in the development of indexing. After Poole's Index appeared periodical index and book catalog gradually began to be treated separately, and subject index and cross reference were incorporated into indexing. Also dictionary arrangement of the indexed items was adopted in the second half of the nincteenth, century after Charles A. Cutter developed his theory of rules for dictionary catalog and systematic studies of indexing were carried out by many scholars. In the twentieth century, index was mainly developed in the United States of America, especially by Wilson publishing Company. The general trend is to move away from the gcncral index to subject index. Also the ncwspapcr indcx such as The Times I~zdcx is 21 landmark in the history cf indcxing. 2) In China, thcs arc somc cvidcnccs that $Bizgluh(&), $ was the first indcx, but unforlunatcly the book itsclf has not been found as yet.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree of cargo concentration at Korean ports using Theil's Entropy and to compare the results with those of Gini coefficient, Hoyle(1983), and Hirshmann-Herfindahl models. The entropy indices were compared with other models after measuring the cargo concentration for the period of 1981-2000 among the 18 Korean ports. The core results of empirical analysis are as follows: first, the empirical results of entropy indices show the following trends: all the ports(concentration except 1996's slight deconcentration), ports in Western area(deconcentration in 1990s and slight concentration in 2000), ports in Southern area(deconcentration in 1980s and 1990s except concentration in 2000), and ports in Eastern area(continuous trends of concentration). However, competition power will be decreased if concentration is increased, because of the character of entropy index. The empirical results of 4 indices except Hoyle model show the comparatively same directions in terms of trends. This study found out the similar results among the following models: All the ports(entropy index & Gini coefficient & H-H model), ports in Western area(Entropy index &Hoyle model), ports in Southern area(Entropy index & Gini coefficient), and ports in Eastern area(Entropy index & H-H index).The policy planner of Korean ports should find out the determination factors of concentration and deconcentration of each ports and decide the investment priority, size and scope for balancing the development of regional ports.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.672-679
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• 2018

본 연구는 MaxEnt 모형을 활용하여 가는털비름의 잠재서식지를 예측하고, 예측된 잠재서식지와 밭면적을 활용하여 가는털비름의 잡초로서의 부정적 영향에 대한 위험도 지수를 예측하기 위하여 수행되었다. 가는털비름의 분포 예측을 위하여 MaxEnt 모형을 구축하기 위하여 남한 전국의 254지점의 분포 자료와 6개의 생물 기후 인자를 활용하였다. 밭농업에 대한 두가지 방법의 위험도 평가를 수행하였고 격자 위험도 지수(raster risk index)는 $1km^2$ 격자별로 잠재 서식지 분포 확률과 밭면적의 비율을 서로 곱하여 나타냈다. 지역 위험도 지수(regional risk index)는 잠재 서식지 분포 확률의 평균과 전체 밭 면적 중 지방자치단체의 실제 밭면적의 비율을 곱하여 산출하였다. MaxEnt모형으로 예측된 가는털비름의 잠재서식지는 실제서식지와 유사하게 나타났으며 모델의 AUC 값 또한 0.711로 좋은 설명력을 지니는 것으로 분석되었다. 잠재서식지 비율이 가장 높게 나타난 지역은 광주광역시였고 격자 위험도 지수가 가장 높게 나타난 지역은 제주도였다. 지역 위험도 지수가 가장 높게 나타난 지역은 경상북도였다. 잠재 서식지 비율과 위험도 지수의 서로 다른 순위는 외래식물의 위험성을 예측할 때 잠재 서식지 비율만을 활용하여 외래식물의 위험성을 예측하는 것보다 외래식물이 부정적 영향을 주는 대상과 결합된 위험도 지수의 필요성을 제시한다. 또한 격자 위험도 지수, 지역 위험도 지수의 서로 다른 순위는 분석의 필요성에 따라서 다양한 평가 기법이 개발될 필요성을 보여준다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2000

A large scale field test of prefabricated vertical drains was performed to anayze the effect of parameters of the very soft clay at a test site. compression index and the coefficient of horizontal consolidation obtained by back-analysis of settlement data were compared with those obtained by means of laboratory tests. Hyperbolic method, Asaoka meoth and curve fitting method were used to compute final settlement of coefficient of consolidation. The relationships of settlement measurement(Sm) versus design settlement(St) and the measurement consolidation ratio(Um) versus design consolidation (Ut) were shown as Sm=(1.0~1.1) St , Um=(1.13~1.17) Ut at 1.0m spacing of drain and Sm=(0.7~0.8)St, Um= (0.92~0.99) Ut at 1.5 m spacing of drain, respectively . The relationships of the field compression index(CcField) and virgin compression index(vcc lab) were shown as Ccfield =(1.0~1.2)vcc lab . But it was nearly within the same range when considering the error factor with the determination method of virgin compression index and the prediction back-analysis of the settlement data was larger than the coefficient of vertical consolidation, and the ratio of consolidation coefficient (Ch/Cv) was Ch =(2.4~2.9) Cv , Ch=(3.4~4.2) Cv at 1.0m and 1.5m spacing of drain, respectively.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2014

This study analyzed the effects of specific factors on the fluorescence index of the fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) that is used for internal addition. The specific factors were identified by the literature review, and a statistical survey was carried out to analyze the effects of those factors on the fluorescence index. Bulk, grammage, fillers and internal sizing agents were selected as the specific factors. The paper samples were prepared with internal FWA in a laboratory. The fluorescence indices of the model papers were measured, and p-values of the specific factors on the fluorescence index were calculated by the SPSS program. Most of p-values were greater than 0.05, so the specific factors do not have a significant impact on the internal FWA fluorescence index.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2021

Vegetation index information is an important figure that is used in many fields such as landscape architecture, urban planning, and environment. Vegetation may vary slightly in vegetation vitality depending on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. In this study, a range of vegetation worth preserving in the Taehwa River water system was determined, and hyperspectral images of drones were acquired (August, October), and the results were presented through DVI(Normalized Defference Vegetation Index), EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index), PRI(Photochemical Reflectance Index), ARI (Anthocyanin Reflectance Index) index analysis. In addition, field spectral data and VRS-GPS(Virtual Reference System-GPS) surveys were performed to ensure the quality and location accuracy of the spectral band. As a result of the analysis, NDVI and EVI showed low vegetation vitality in October, -0.165 and -0.085, respectively, and PRI and ARI increased to 0.011 and 7.588 in October, respectively. For general vegetation vitality, it was suggested that NDVI and EVI analysis were effectively performed, and PRI and ARI were thought to be effective in analyzing detailed characteristics of plants by spectral band. It is expected that it can be widely used for park design and landscape information modeling by using drone image information construction and vegetation information.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1978

A total of 200 patients, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, were selected for the study. Each had at least one tooth which was restored with complete cast gold crown and a nonrestored contralateral tooth with no clinical evidence of caries and periodontal disease. The gingival tissues adjacent to the crowned and nonrestored teeth were examined to determine the evaluation of the severity of inflammation and probed to determine individual pocket depth. The findings are listed here. 1. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth was 1.99. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth was 0.67. 2. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to crowned teeth was 2.19mm. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to non restored teeth was 1.68mm. 3. No difference could be found between the average gingival sulcus bleeding index and average gingival sulcus depth of male and those of female. 4. The difference between sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth and sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth increased with increased age of the cast crown.

• Architectural research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

In recent years, interests and studies on the urban regeneration projects have been increased and largely conducted. It is a part of the effort that solves some social and economical problems occurred by deteriorated buildings and degraded infrastructures through new urban regeneration projects or redevelopment projects. However, the urban regeneration projects show the characteristics that can not guarantee in the project performance because the projects have various and complex stakeholders related to these projects and are exposed to lots of risks due to its huge scale. This study proposed the risk performance index method to improve the efficiency of the overall performance measurement for a mega-project by extending from the traditional cost/schedule based performance measurement system. The risk performance index method proposed in this study has a similar system to the EVMS, and makes possible to perform a three dimensional integrated performance measurement in cost/schedule/risk through 18 different indexes that compose the risk performance index.