• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.727-735
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• 2006

In this study, the PHYTO-PAM-fluorometric method was used to evaluate the ETR$_{max}$ in terms of sensitivity to DIN/DIP against 14 microalgae: Prorocentrum micans, Heterocapsa triquetra, Gymnodinium impudicum, Cymnodinium catenatum, Amphidinium caterae, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroococcus minutus, Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Nannochloris oculata, Oocystis lacustris, Chroomonas salina, Gloeocystis gigas, and Prymnessium parvum. We found that P. micans, H. triquetra, and A. caterae exposed to the maximum level of DIN/DIP were significantly smaller in the ETR$_{max}$ than that of the minimum and moderate mixture. Unlikely the ETR$_{max}$, the initial slope alpha was not significantly different at the level of 60 DIN/DIP. In G. catenatum, the moderate levels of 15 and 20 in DIN/DIP were found to be significantly different from the ETR$_{max}$ at Chl-Ch4. Gymnodinium impudicum had a higher value than that of the ETR$_{max}$ than that of dinoflagellates used in this study, ranging from 306.1 (Ch4, DIN/DIP: 10) to 520.1 (Ch4, DIN/DIP: 30). The ETR$_{max}$ value obtained from other microalgae was similar to C. impudicum at any of the ratios of DIN/DIP and channels. Consequently, the influence of offshore water current assures us of the suppression of photosynthesis and electron transport rate in dinoflagellates. Gymnodinium impudicum has not been researched in the area of red tides in Korea, but it will be enough to creat the massive algal blooms in the future because of higher potential photochemical availability.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2011

현재 전 세계적으로 알러지 질환은 급격히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 기존의 길항제나 항원 특이적 면역 치료법의 부작용으로 인하여 항 알러지 작용에 효과적인 천연 기능성 물질에 대한 연구가 알러지 질환 치료의 유망한 분야로 여겨지고 있다. 비만세포는 히스타민이나 아라키돈 산, 그리고 전 염증성 사이토카인 등을 방출하는 알러지 반응에 주요하게 작용하는 효과세포이다. 우리는 참당귀의 뿌리로부터 추출한 노다케닌의 알러지 반응 억제효과에 대해서 연구하였다. 노다케닌을 이용하여 비만세포에서의 탈 과립현상 억제 효과를 측정한 결과, 비만세포에서 노다케닌이 탈과립의 표지인 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase의 방출량을 농도 의존적으로 억제하는 것을 관찰하였고, 이러한 탈과립 억제 현상이 다양한 사이토카인 중 IL-4과 TNF-${\alpha}$의 양을 감소시킴으로써 매개된다는 사실을 RT-PCR을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 쥐에서 수동피부과민반응을 유도하여 노다케닌을 경구투여 했을 때 알러지성 과민반응 증상을 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로, 이러한 결과들은 노다케닌이 항 알러지 약물의 개발에 잠재적인 후보물질이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2000

In this experiment, we show the effects of herbal plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-$\alpha$. The extracts of Angelica gigas, Astragalus membranaceus, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Houttuynia cordata had no effect on NO synthesis by itself in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). However, the stimulation with these extracts in the presence of murine interferon-${\gamma}$(mIFN-${\gamma}$) resulted in increased NO synthesis. When these extracts were used in combination with mIFN-${\gamma}$, there were a marked cooperative induction of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The same results were obtained in the mouse peritoneal macrophages used. The optimal concentration of these extracts on NO synthesis was shown at 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with 100U/mL of mIFN-${\gamma}$. NO synthesis was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. When cell lines were treated with extracts, the expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) was markedly increased in RT-PCR analysis. In addition, synergy between mIFN-${\gamma}$ and extracts was dependent on extracts-induced tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$). These results suggest that water extracts of herbal plants can induce iNOS, NO and TNF-$\alpha$ synthesis of mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and peritoneal macrophages in combination with mIFN-${\gamma}$.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2024

Objectives : This study was designed to review and analyze domestic research trends of Korean medicine treatment on otitis media, and present data for further research and treatment of otitis media. Methods : Two researchers used six search engines to search for papers on Korean medicine treatment for otitis media published from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2023. A total of 16 papers were searched, and bibliographic information, main and accompanying symptoms, treatment period, treatment method, evaluation scale, and treatment results of each study were analyzed. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network was used to evaluate the evidence level. Results : The most common otitis media symptom was hearing loss (12 times). The most frequently mentioned herbs were Ledebouriella seseloides (22 times) and Angelica gigas (20 times), which are the ingredients of the most commonly used prescriptions, Hyunggyeyungyo-tang (5 times), Takrisodok-yeum (4 times), and Bojungikgi-tang (3 times). All the clinical trial papers were conducted on Kamihyunggyeyungyo-tang, which showed improvement in otitis media-related indicators. The most frequently mentioned meridians were the Triple Energizer (44 times), Clinical trials were conducted on the Triple Energizer, the Gall Bladder, and the Small Intestines meridians. The most frequently used acupoints were SI19 (10 times), TE21 (9 times), TE17 (9 times). In clinical trials, acupuncture treatment with TE05, GB15, TE06, SI05, GB38, and KI02 showed a significant improvement in otitis media symptoms. Conclusions : It is believed that more efficient otitis media treatment and follow-up research can be performed by using the above-mentioned research results.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-70
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• 1989

1986년(年) 1월(月)부터 1988년(年) 12월(月)까지 3개년(個年)에 걸쳐 남해안(南海岸) 굴 수하식(垂下式) 양식장(養殖腸)인 충무 화도, 서해안(棲海岸) 투석식(投石式) 양식장(養殖腸)인 오천, 그리고 자연(自然) 서식장(棲息腸)인 동해안(東海岸) 신창의 참굴을 대상으로 Marteilioides chungmuensis의 생태학적(生態學的) 및 형태학적(形態學的) 조사(調査)를 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1986년 화도 양식장(養殖腸)에서 채집(採集), 조사(調査)된 총(總) 360개체(個體)의 참굴 중(中) M. chungmuensis가 발견(發見)된 개체(個體)는 19개체(個體)로 5.3%의 출현율(出現率)을 나타내었으며, 오천 양식장(養殖腸)에서 360개체중(個體中) 15개체(個體)로 4.2%, 그리고 1987년(年) 화도 양식장(養殖腸)에서는 총(總) 360개체(個體) 중(中) 24개체(個體)가 발견(發見)되어 6.7%, 오천 양식장(養殖腸)에서는 360(個體) 중(中) 10개체(個體)로 2.8%의 출현율(出現率)을 나타내었다. 그러나 1986년(年)과 1987년(年) 동해안(東海岸)의 신창에서 채집(採集)된 총(總) 720개체(個體)의 참굴 중(中) M. chungmuensis가 발견(發見)된 참굴은 없었다. 2. 1988년(年) 3월(月)에서 12월(月)까지 M. chungmuensis가 전혀 발견(發見)되지 않은 동해안(東海岸) 신창산(産) 참굴을 남해안(南海岸)의 화도로 이식(移植)하여와 감염율(感染率)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 이식(移植)된 신창산(産) 참굴에 있어서는 5월(月)부터 M. chungmuensis에 감염(感染)된 개체(個體)가 나타나기 시작하였으며, 총(總) 300개체(個體)의 조사(調査) 굴 중(中) 25개체(個體)가 M. chungmuensis에 감염(感染)된 것으로 나타났다. 3. M. chungmuensis의 출현(出現) 시기(時期)는 화도의 경우 6월(月)부터 11월(月), 오천의 경우 6~10월(月)사이로 참굴의 산란(産卵)이 시작되는 시기(時期)부터 완전히 종료(終了)된 후 2개월까지의 시기(時期)였으며, 산란(産卵)이 진행됨에 따라 M. chungmuensis의 출현율(出現率)은 점점 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. M. chungmuensis에 감염(感染)된 성숙란(成熟卵)은 산란(産卵)이 진행됨에 따라 일부는 정상적(正常的)인 난(卵)과 함께 아가미를 통하여 배출되고, 나머지 생식소(生殖巢)에 남아있는 M. chungmuensis에 감염(感染)된 난(卵)은 생식소내(生殖巢內)에서 붕괴, 사멸되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 기생충(寄生蟲)에 감염(感染)된 참굴에서는 생식소(生殖巢)의 여포(濾胞)주위에 강한 혈구성(血球性) 침윤(浸潤)이 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이 기생충(寄生蟲)의 난소내(卵巢內) 성숙과정(成熟過程)의 관찰결과(觀察結果) M. chungmuensis는 성숙(成熟)한 난모세포(卵母細胞)의 세포질내(細胞質內)에 근세포(根細胞), 즉 1 차(次) 세포(細胞)로 자리잡게 되며, 이 기생충(寄生蟲)은 포자형성(胞子形成) 기간(期間)동안 외생발아(外生發芽)에 의해 2 개 또는 3 개의 2 차(次) 세포(細胞)를 형성하며, 내생발아(內生發芽)에 의해 1 개의 3 차(次) 세포(細胞)를 형성하고, 2 차(次) 세포(細胞)는 성장하여 포자모세포(胞子母細胞)로 되는 phylum Ascetospora, class Paramyxea에 속하는 종(種)들 중 가장 단순한 성숙과정(成熟過程)을 거치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2005

Nitric Oxide (NO), derived from L-arginine, is produced by two types (constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock, cancer metastasis and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for the treatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among 82 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 35 extracts showed the potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solvent fractions at two different concentrations. Especially, hexane and EtOAc fractions of Alpinia officinarum, Angelica gigas, Ostericum koreanum, Saussurea lappa, Torilis japonica, and hexane fractions of Agrimonia pilosa, Machilus thunbergii, Hydrangea serrata, Magnolia obovata, Prunella vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, and EtOAC fractions of Perilla frutescence showed a significant activity at 10 and/or $25\;{\mu}g/mL$. In Western blot analysis, the hexane fractions ($5\;{\mu}g/mL$) of Magnolia obovata and Saussurea lappa, and EtOAc fractions ($20\;{\mu}g/mL$) of Hydrangea Serrata, Perilla frutescence and Torilis japonica inhibited the expression of iNOS protein in LPS-activated macrophages. These plants may be promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided purification of active compounds and might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and endotoxemia accompanying overproduction of NO.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2017

A survey was performed to know the recent infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in clams and oysters from 4 sites in western coastal regions of the Republic of Korea (=Korea). Four species of clams (Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Cyclina sinensis, and Saxidomus purpuratus) were collected from Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do (Province), Buan-gun (County) and Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, and oysters, Crassostrea gigas, from Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do were transferred to our laboratory on ice and examined by the artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Himasthla alincia were detected in 3 species of clams, M. veneriformis, R. philippinarum, and C. sinensis from the 3 surveyed areas. The positive rate and the mean density per clam infected were 98.9% (30.8 metacercariae) in M. veneriformis, 60.0% (5.0) in R. philippinarum, and 96.0% (28.4) in C. sinensis. The positive rate (mean density) of Acanthoparyphium tyosenense metacercariae in M. veneriformis was 50.0% (2.1) from Taean-gun and 70.0% (2.8) from Gochang-gun. The metacercariae of Parvatrema spp. were detected in M. veneriformis and R. philippinarum from Taean-gun and Gochang-gun; the positive rate (mean density) was 63.3% (4,123) and 50.0% (19) in M. veneriformis, and 6.7% (126) and 100% (238) in R. philippinarum from the 2 regions, respectively. The metacercariae of Gymnophalloides seoi were detected in all 30 oysters from Shinan-gun, and their average density per oyster was 646. From the above results, it has been confirmed that more than 3 species of metacercariae are prevalent in clams from the western coastal regions, and G. seoi metacercariae are still prevalent in oysters from Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to take around the oriental medical treatment about substance related disorder in china. Method : We review the studies which are published by six different journal in China since 1992 to 2002 involved in substance related disorders. Result 1. The kinds of substance which is the subject of each study. It suggest that the narcotics-withdrawal patients in china take kinds of opium many more than phillopon or barbiturate, cocain etc. especially the heroine takes the most portion in the kinds of opium. 2. The type of chinese medicine demonstration which is about the addiction and withdrawal. There are many symptoms in the each period of withdrawal, According to the each period demonstration, the herbal formula must be different. 3. The formula used in treatment and the substance which is used in common Codonopsis radix is widely used, and pinellia ternata, aractylodes japonica, citrus nobilis, vegetable worms, angelica gigas, zizyphus jujuba, panax ginseng, astragalus membranaceus etc are also used in treatment. 4. The methods of acupunture treatment Hapkok(LI-4), Naegwan(PC6), and Sanyinjiao(SP6) are the widely used acu-points. in addition to these acupoints, there are waegwan(TE5) choksamli(ST36) hanggan(LR2)etc. Conclusion : We expect that this review about substance related disorders in TCM help the clinical study of substance related disorders in Korean medicine.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1997

NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) is one of the protective phase II enzymes against toxicity that accomplishes the capacity of detoxification by modulating the effects of mutagens and carcinogens. The detoxification mechanism is that quinone reductase promotes the 2-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones which are less reactive. This study is to search new inducers of quinone reductase from natural products, which can be used as cancer chemopreventive agents. Plant extracts were evaluated by using quinone reductase generating system With Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cell lines for enzyme inducing properties and crystal violet staining method for the measurement of cytotoxicity provoked. We have tested approximately 106 kinds of natural products after partition into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous layers from 100% methanol extracts of natural products. The ethyl acetate fractions of Vitex rotundifolia $(fruits,\;2FC:\;12.7\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Cnidium officinale $(aerial\;parts,\;2FC:\;10.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Chrysanthemum sinese $(flowers,\;2FC:\;17.4{\mu}g/ml)$ and the hexane fractions of Angelica gigas $(roots,\;2FC:\;13.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Smilax china $(roots,\;2FC:\;l1.9\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Sophora flavescens $(roots,\;2FC:\;16.3\;{\mu}g/ml)$ revealed the significant induction of quinone reductase in a murine hepatic Hepa 1c1c7 cell culture system.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1999

Changes in lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid compositions of the cultured oysters in shallow-water, Bukman bay (Tongyeong, Korea), using both Korean and Japanese spats were investigated. The content of non-polar lipid (NL) comprised approximately $60- 80\%$ of total lipid (TL) in the cultured oysters. There was a positive correlation between NL content and meat weight, y=0.287lx-15.309 (r=0.834l, p<0.001). The prominent fatty acids of the oysters were 16:0, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 18:0, l8:1n-7, l8:1n-9, l6:1n-7, 14:0 and l6:4n-3. During the growth of the oysters, l6:4n-3 showed the highest coefficient of variation, accounting for $41.8\%$ for the Korean oyster and $32.3\%$ for the Japanese one, respectively. Both oysters showed low level of n-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA and high level of n-6 fatty acid, 20:4n-6, in the spawning period (August). During growth of the oysters, both EPA and DHA were the richest fatty acids in the harvest period (December, 314 mg/100g sample) and in the pre-spawning period (July, 237-247 mg/100g sample), respectively. Consequently, the cultured oyster with Japanese spat contained approximately two times more n-3 fatty acids per oyster individual than those with Korean one in the harvest season.