• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.33-35
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• 1967

The internal structures of "Chunho", "Kangwhal" and "Dangui" and their original plants had been compared with each other in the prior report. Coumarin derivatives, khellactone from the roots of Angelica purpuraefolia $C_{HUNG}$ and decursin and decursinol from A. gigas $N_{AKAI}$ were also isolated. In this report, we made a simple and convenient identification method for the powdered drugs of several Angelica genus by using a thin layer chromatogrophic technique. The ehter extract of the powdered drugs were applied to a silica gel plate, and was developed with n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1) mixture. The characteristic U.V. absorption patterns of each drug were shown.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 1996

The distribution patterns of the benthic macrofauna of Han Estuary and Kyonggi Bay and the controlling environmental factors were studied at twenty-five stations in spring and fall of 1989. As a result, four biological groups were established as follows : Crassostrea gigas-Balanus reticulatus (Group I), Heteromastus filiformis-Mediomastus californiensis-Lumbrineris spp. -Sternaspis scutata-Tharyx sp. 1-Diopatra bilobata (Group II-A), Haustoriids-Phoxocephalids-Moerella rutila (Group II-B) and Nephtys chemulpoensis (Group II-C in March) and indistinctive group which was composed of common species (II-C in September). Results of the habitat analysis revealed that most of the dominant species showed narrow ranges of habitat niche in March and relatively wide ranges in September. Based on multiple discriminant analysis, the critical environmental factors governing their distributions are salinity in the regions of Yomha and Sokmo Channel in Han Estuary and sediment types in Kyonggi Bay. Also, sediment instability during the rainy season due to run-off was assumed to play a major role in the species composition of the benthic communities and their distribution in the study area.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.196.1-196.1
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• 2003

Angelica genuflexa (Umbelliferae) is a perennial herbaceous plant which has also been variously reported as A. koreana and Ostericum koreanum. The MeOH extract was reported to have strong anti-thrombotic potential in the acute thrombosis model. In our preliminary testing, the MeOH extract and one of the solvent fractions (90% MeOH fr.) were observed to have both platelet anti-aggregating and anti-coagulant effects. Five coumarins, isoimperatorin (1), pabulenol (2), isooxypeucedanin (3), oxypeucedanin hydrate (4) and osthol (5) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Angelica genuflexa in the course of searching for anti-platelet and anti-coagulant components. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2009

For standardization of LMK02 quality, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelica gigas Nakai in the constituents of LMK02 were estimated as indicative components. From LMK02 water extract, has been used in vitro test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide ($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We determined that oligomer amyloid-${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) have a profound attenuation in the increase in rat hippocampus H19-7 cells from. Experimental evidence indicates that LMK02 protects against neuronal damage from cells, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using a hippocampus cell line on $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that LMK02 inhibits formation of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. In the Red Ginseng, the average amounts of Ginsenoside Rg3 were $47.04{\mu}g/g$ and $42.3{\mu}g/g$, 90 % of its weight were set as a standard value. And, in the Angelica gigas Nakai, the average amounts of Decursin were 2.71 mg/g and 2.44mg/g, 90 % of its weight were also set as a standard value. The attenuated $A{\beta}$ oligomer in the presence of LMK02 was observed in the conditioned medium of this $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced cells under in vitro. In the cells, LMK02 significantly activated antiapoptosis and decreased the production of ROS. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of LMK02 treatment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2009

A novel gastric ulcer healing formulation, a mixture of Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Halloysitum Rubrum and Ostreae Testa (Dihaos), was examined for gastric ulcer healing effects. The effect of Dihaos was assessed in various gastric ulcer models in rats. Oral administration of Dihaos significantly reduced HCl-ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Dihaos also significantly reduced gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Ostreae Testa decreased secretion of gastric juice and increased the pH of gastric juice. Furthermore, the extracts of Dioscoreae Rhizoma affected the cell proliferation of MKN 74 cells. These results suggest that the healing effect of Dihaos on gastrohemorrhagic lesions results from its protective effect against acid secretion and proliferation of mucosal cells in induced gastric ulcers in rats.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2008

A nutritional demand of oyster, Crassostrea gigas larva as part of research for improving of utilization of microalgae being used for the artificial oyster seed production. The change of body growth and biochemical compositions of larvae were investigated during larvae rearing in hatchery. The larvae were cultured in 60 M/T tank and fed mixture 6 different phytoplankton species, Isochrysis galbana (30%), Cheatoceros gracilis (20%), Pavlova lutheri (20%), Phaeodactylum triconutum (10%), Nannochryis oculata (10%) and Tetraselmis tetrathele (10%). The initial feeding amount was $0.3{\times}10^4cells/mL$ at three times a day to D-shaped larva and the feeding amount had been increased 30% gradually every two day since the larvae were raising. The larvae were developed from D shape to pediveliger stage for 12 days. The daily growth of shell length and hight were $5.8{\sim}30.8\;{\mu}m$ and $8.7{\sim}31.4\;{\mu}m$, respectively and weight gains were changed from D shape to pediveliger as follow: wet weight was $0.52{\sim}15.0\;{\mu}g/larva$, dry weight was $0.2{\sim}6.5\;{\mu}g/larva$, and ash free dry weight was $0.1{\sim}8.5\;{\mu}g/larva$. The larvae growth pattern shown a logarithmic phase from D shape to umbone stage but after that stage shown a exponential growth aspect. The crude protein, crude lipid and nitrogen free extract (NFE) of larvae during rearing periods were analyzed as $6.1{\sim}10.6%$, $0.6{\sim}1.1%$ and 1.0-2.7%, respectively. And the total amino acid contents of the larvae during rearing periods were in order as glutamic acid $1.26{\sim}2.24%$, aspartic acid $0.97{\sim}1.70%$, and methionine $0.12{\sim}0.33%$. Of the total fatty acid in the analyzed larvae, the saturated fatty acid (SSAFA) was decreased from 54.3% (D shaped larvae) to 17.1 % (pediveliger) as larvae development but the total mono-unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}MOFA$) and Poly-unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}PUFA$) were increased from 29.9% and 7.8% to 40.6% and 45.6%, respectively. By the way the each fatty acid of the larvae were composed of palmitic acid $9.89{\sim}36.95%$, oleic acid $12.17{\sim}32.29%$, linoleic acid $1.96{\sim}33.55%$, EPA $2.17{\sim}11.58%$ and DHA $1.95{\sim}4.51%$. As a result of this study, the larvae of oyster were demanded a various nutrients for healthy growth and the feeding control, expecially after umbone stage larvae are a rapidly growing time, is very important for success of artificial seed production.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Gymnophalkides seoi has drawn medical attentions since the discovery of the first human case and a highly endemic area on a southwestern coastal island of Shinan- gun, Korea. Marine bivalves especially oysters were strongly suspected as the source of infection. In this study the oysters, Crassostrea girns, naturally produced (rom the endemic area were examined whether they contain gymnophallid metacercariae. All of 50 oysters examined were infected with the metacercaviae of a gymnophallid, with the metacercarial density per oyster of 610 on average (2-4,792 in range). Later they were identified as G. seoi by obtaining adult worms from experimental mice. The metacercariae were unencysted, and firmly attached on the mantle surface of the oysters with their oral sucker. In sectioned specimens they were equipped with the ventral pit, a peculiar organ of the genus Gymophalloides, and non-muscular genital pore which was connected dorsally to the seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicle was in a great majority mono-sac. By this study, it has been confirmed that the oyster is a 2nd intermediate host of G. seoi as well as the major source of human infection with this fluke.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1996

Irradiated and non-irradiated Korean medicinal herbs were extracted by water and 70% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts were invesigated against selected food hygiene microoganisms. The ethanol extracts of the non-irradiated Agrimonia pilosa ledebour japonica Nakai, Curcuma longa Linne and Angelica gigas Nakai were completely inhibited on four species of bacteria, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringenes, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, above four strains did not have antibacterial activity in the water-ethanol mixtures. Futhermore, the ehtanol extracts of the non-irradiated Agimonia pilosa ledebour Japonica Nakai, Curcuma Iedoaria Roscoe, Curcuma longa Linne and Scutellaria baikalensis George were shown inhibitory effects against Aspergillus flavus and Pen icillium islandicum. And the water extract of Scutellaria baikalensis George was the same effect to these molds. Essentially the same results were observed when samples irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-65
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• 2016

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is involved in shell formation processes in bivalves, is one of the major biocatalysts for carbon capture and storage. In this study we investigated CA activity in the total hemocytic proteins of five bivalves. The highest CA activity was observed in Scapharca broughtonii, which had more than twice the activity found in Crassostrea gigas. No CA activity was observed among the total hemocytic proteins of Pinctada fucata and Saxidomus purpuratus. The results suggest that marine invertebrates may provide a better source of CA, as an alternative to mammalian sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.592-593
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• 2006