• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2012

Actinidia arguta (Actinidiaceae) has been reported to have several pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-oxidant activities. The present study investigated the protective activity of an ethanol extract from the leaf and stem of A. arguta against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $500{\mu}M$ glutamate for 12 h triggered neuronal cell death. A. arguta inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal death and apoptosis, which were measured by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. The increase of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and c-caspase-3, in glutamate-treated neurons was significantly inhibited by treatment with A. arguta. A. arguta also inhibited $500{\mu}M$ glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which were measured by fluorescent dyes, Fluo-4 AM and $H_2DCF$-DA, respectively. These results suggest that A. arguta may prevent glutamate-induced apoptotic neuronal death by inhibiting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ elevation and ROS generation and, therefore, may have a therapeutic role for the prevention of neurodegeneration in cerebral ischemic diseases.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2017

In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analyses were used for evaluation of genetic diversity of 61 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) germplasms including domestic and overseas collection cultivars. Forty RAPD primers were detected in a total of 230 polymorphic bands with an average of 5.75. Thirty-two SRAP primer combinations were detected in a total of 204 polymorphic bands with an average 6.38. By unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis using 434 polymorphic bands, kiwifruit germplasms were classified in three groups with similarity value of 0.680. Cluster I consisted of 46 kiwifruit germplasms belonging to A. deliciosa, A. chinensis, A. deliciosa ${\times}$ A. arguta, A. chinensis ${\times}$ A. arguta, and A. chinensis ${\times}$ A. deliciosa. Cluster II consisted of seven germplasms belonging to A. arguta and 'Skinny Green', a cultivar derived from a cross between A. arguta and A. deliciosa. Cluster III consisted of seven germplasms belonging to A. rufa, A. hemsleyana, A. macrosperma, A. polygama, and A. eriantha. Genetic similarity values among tested kiwifruit germplasms ranged from 0.479-0.991, and average similarity value was 0.717. Similarity value was highest (0.991) between NHK0038 (A. deliciosa) and NHK0040 (A. deliciosa), and lowest (0.479) between 'Hayward' (A. deliciosa) and K5-1-22 (A. arguta).

• Journal of Apiculture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2017

In this study, we studied the changes in antioxidant activity of Actinidia arguta fruit of Autumn Sense cultivar during fruit ripening. The aim of this investigation was to find the knowledge of the changes of physiochemicals associated with fruit quality, antioxidant properties (free-radical scavenging activity and reducing power), total phenolics and vitamin C during fruit ripening. The highest free-radical scavenging activity (at $100{\mu}g/ml$) and reducing power (at $100{\mu}g/ml$) in A. arguta fruit were 78.57% and 0.22, respectively. Total phenolic content and vitamin C content in fruit of 10 days after fruit set were $639.48{\mu}g/g$ and $1052.2{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In general, the antioxidant activity and the related parameters, including total phenolic content and vitamin C content decreased during fruit ripening. These results improve knowledge of the effect of ripening on the antioxidant activity and related compounds contents that could help to establish the optimum A. arguta fruit harvest data for various usages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2013

The genus Actinidia has been recorded as having total six taxa, composed of four species and two varieties, in Korea. However, its taxonomy remains complex because of disagreement on taxonomic characters used for species boundaries. Based upon morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, we re-evaluated species delimitations in the genus Actinidia. Critical observation of wild populations and extensive herbarium materials including types were also carried out. It is generally considered that leaf thickness and shape, hair type and color were important diagnostic characters to identify species, but these characters were insufficient to be diagnostic characters because of their wide variation ranges. On the other hands, pith pattern, winter bud protrusion rate, scale leaf number, anther color, fruit shape, and maturity season were taxonomic significance. A. arguta var. platyphylla and A. arguta var. rufinervis have been identified by hair type and color, but these characters showed continuous variation in A. arguta. Therefore, two varieties are treated as synonyms of A. arguta. Consequently four species are recognized in Korea: A. polygama, A. kolomikta, A. rufa, and A. arguta. A key is provided, as well as complete descriptions of the species examined, including information on nomenclatural types, and synonymies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2011

A. arguta is found nationwide whether the altitude is low or high if good drainage is achieved with plenty of water. The distribution of A. polygama seems to be more limited to higher altitude than A. arguta so it can be found in deep valley of highland even in Mt. Halla. A. kolomikta seems rather limited to colder area than A. arguta to Mt. Jiri to the south. Meanwhile, A. rufa is very confined to southern islands including Jeollanamdo and Jeju islands. Some institutes still continue to utilize Korean native Actinidia plants commercially since early 1980's. More collaborative efforts are needed for further development of these plants nationwide.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.36 no.1 s.140
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2005

Korean folk medicine 'Da Rae Ip' has been used to cure intestinal catarrh, stomach cancer and acute gastritis. The botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Da Rae Ip', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Actinidia species growing in Korea and Japan; i.e. A. arguta, A. arguta var. rufinervis, A. kolomikta, A. polygama, A. rufa were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'Da Rae Ip' was the leaf of Actinidia arguta and Actinidia polygama.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.5
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 2007

Actinidia arguta extracts obtained from three cultivars ('Sae-Han', 'Dae-Sung', and 'Chil-Bo') were assayed for their antioxidant properties and nutritional composition. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Total phenolic contents of the extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) content measured by a colorimetric method and reducing sugar content estimated by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method. Crude extracts from A. arguta 'Sea-Han' showed the most potent radical-scavenging activity showing 86.55% at 10 mg/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of extracts and solvent fractions from Sea-Han cultivar was in decreasing order of EtOAc fraction>BuOH fraction>$CH_2Cl_2$ fraction>hexane fraction, among which EtOAc fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity (87.51 % at 5 mg/ml). Total phenolic contents in A. arguta 'Sae-Han', 'Dae-Sung' and 'Chil-Bo', were 32.93, 28.23, and 25.60 mg/g, respectively. Vitamin C contents of them were 840.57, 578.81 and 730.10 ug/g, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the change of photosynthesis, leaf and fruit according to crown layers in Actinidia arguta and hybrid kiwi. Photosynthesis rate (PPFD $1,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$) were 5.82, 7.11, $9.54{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ at lower, middle, and upper position, respectively in 3 layer cultivation type. The length and area of leaves collected from lower position have lager value than upper position. The fruit quality of A. arguta and hybrid kiwifruit increased with increasing crown height. A linear correlation ($R^2=0.72$, 0.89 and 0.98) was shown between fruit weight (Boeun 4, Injea 16 and HM3) and the height of crown layer(layer 1, 2, and 3). From the results, we can suppose that the tree of the upper position of crown layer in the cultivation of A. arguta and hybrid kiwifruit produce high quality fruit due to its high photosynthesis ability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.912-919
• /
• 2020

Hardy kiwifruits (Actinidia arguta Planch.) have high amounts of antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenolics. The anti-cholinesterase activity and neuroprotective effects of three different cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Mansu (A. arguta × A. deliciosa), cv. Haeyeon (A. arguta), and cv. Chiak (A. arguta), on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. Extraction of phenolics and vitamin C was carried out using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and metaphosphoric acid assisted with homogenization, respectively. Hardy kiwifruit of cv. Mansu showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity compared to the other two cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Haeyeon and cv. Chiak. Analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed the presence of procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and astragalin in hardy kiwifruits. The three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had a wide range of vitamin C content of 55.2-130.0 mg/100 g fresh weight. All three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had protective effects on neuronal PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by increasing cell viability and reducing intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hardy kiwifruits inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Collectively, these results suggest that hardy kiwifruits rich in antioxidants like phenolics and vitamin C have good potential as functional materials in neuroprotective applications.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2010

An efficient transformation system for high-throughput functional genomic studies of kiwifruit has been developed to overcome the problem of necrosis in Actinidia arguta explants. The system uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbouring the binary vector pART27-10 to inoculate leaf strips. The vector contains neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) (uidA) genes. A range of light intensities and different strengths of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt media was used to overcome the problem of browning and/or necrosis of explants and calli. Callus browning was significantly reduced, resulting in regenerated adventitious shoots when the MS basal salt concentration in the culture medium was reduced to half-strength at low light intensity ($3.4\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) conditions. Inoculated leaf strips produced putative transformed shoots of Actinidia arguta on half-MS basal salt medium supplemented with 3.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ zeatin, 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine, 0.05 $mg\;l^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid, 150 $mg\;l^{-1}$ kanamycin and 300 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $Timentin^{(R)}$. All regenerated plantlets were deemed putativ transgenic by histochemical GUS assay and polymerase chain-reaction analysis.