• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.21-44
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• 2010

The paper estimates changes in total factor productivity and technical efficiency change index and technical change index using Malmquist productivity index(MPI) in fisheries wholesale products over the time period of 2006 through 2008. The model considers a number of employees and operating costs as input factors, and sales and EBIT(earnings before tax and interest) as output factors. The results indicate that, between 2006 and 2007, there is in general technical progress in which TCI(Technical Change Index) indicates 2.7994 in the sale scale of 50 million won through 100 million won, while there are no efficiency in TECI(Technical Efficiency Change Index), PECI(Pure Efficiency Change Index) and SECI(Scale Efficiency Change Index) which are estimated to be around 1. Between 2007 and 2008 technical efficiency and technical progress are generally declined, compared to those of 2006 and 2007. Wilcoxon's rank-sum test shows that there are statistically significant difference of TCI and MPI between two periods at the level of 5%, while there are statistically significant difference of TECI, PECI and SECI between two periods at the level of 5%.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

Purpose - We document the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in the US and China on the dynamic spillover effect of macroeconomics such as stock price, housing price in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - We use the nine variables to analyze the effect which produces a result among the EPU indexes of the US and China on economic variables which is the consumer price index (CPI), housing purchase price composite index, housing lease price, the stock price index in banking industry, construction industry and distribution industry, and composite leading indicator from January 1995 to December 2016 with the Vector Error Correction Model. Result - The US EPU index has significantly a negative relation on the CPI, housing purchase price index, housing lease price index, the stock price index in banking industry, construction industry, and distribution industry in Korea. Conclusions - We find the dynamic effect of the EPU indexes in the US and China on the macroeconomics returns in Korea. This study has an empirical evidence that the economy market in Korea is influenced by the EPU index of the US rather than it of China. The higher EPU, the more risky the economy of in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.871-878
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• 2018

The government of Gyeongbuk in Korea increased the financial input in the agricultural sector by 43% from 2008 through 2012. However, the productivity of the agricultural sector in Gyeongbuk rose only about 3.6% during the same period. This study evaluated the agricultural competitiveness of each city or county in Gyeongbuk using six evaluation indices (scale, productivity, finance input, location quotient, technical education, and total) and investigated the relationship between the indices and total values of agricultural productions. The results show that Sangju, Gyeongju, Andong, Uiseong, and Seongju have high competitiveness for the scale index. For the productivity index, Gimcheon, Mungyeong, Ulleung, Yeongju, and Seongju were highly evaluated. For the location quotient index, Yeongcheon, Uiseong, Cheongdo, Seongju, and Sangju have high competitiveness. Uiseong, Yeongdeok, Cheongsong, Gunwi, and Yeongyang were highly evaluated for the agricultural finance input index. For the agricultural technical education index, Chilgok, Sangju, Mungyeong, Uiseong, and Gyeongju have high competitiveness. Finally, Sangju, Euiseong, Yeongcheon, Gyeongju, and Andong were highly evaluated for the total competitive index, while Yeongdeok, Yeongyang, Goryeong, Uljin, and Cheongsong have a low competitiveness for the total competitive index. This study also found that out of five indices, scale, location quotient, and technical education indices have a positive and statistically significant effect on the total values of agricultural production. However, we did not find any statistically significant effect of the productivity and finance input indices on the total values of agricultural production. Hence, we can conclude that the government should focus their agricultural policy on scale, location quotient and education to improve total agricultural production.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.682-690
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• 2020

Purpose: This study builds a database by collecting and refining disaster occurrence data and real-time weather and atmospheric data. In conjunction with the public data provided by the API, we propose a service model for the Big Data-based Urban Safety Index. Method: The plan is to provide a way to collect various information related to disaster occurrence by utilizing public data and SNS, and to identify and cope with disaster situations in areas of interest by real-time dashboards. Result: Compared with the prediction model by extracting the characteristics of the local safety index and weather and air relationship by area, the regional safety index in the area of traffic accidents confirmed that there is a significant correlation with weather and atmospheric data. Conclusion: It proposed a system that generates a prediction model for safety index based on machine learning algorithm and displays safety index by sector on a map in areas of interest to users.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a new Korean container freight index by applying weights based on the global trade volume. To achieve this, it was decided to determine the conditions such as establishment of routes and regions, weighting of trade volumes which based on prior research and expert advice. Based on this, the individual index and regional index and composite index were calculated, and then reliability and statistical significance of the index was verified through correlation analysis and Granger causality analyses. This study suggest the following findings, through the development of the Korean container freight index. Firstly, Korean freight index reflects the overall market situation and can be used as a benchmark for determining the conditions of each market, consisting of criteria of region and routes. Secondly, it is possible to reflect the market conditions in which actual freight differences exist, since it has developed separate indexes for export and import routes. Finally, The composite index is the only index that reflects not only exports and imports but also 27 individual routes based on Busan, which is the most comprehensive indicator of the korean container freight market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-62
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• 2010

Inverted index structures have become the most efficient data structure for high performance indexing of large text collections, especially online index maintenance, In-Place and merge-based index structures are the two main competing strategies for index construction in dynamic search environments. In the above-mentioned two strategies, a contiguity of posting information is the mainstay of design for online index maintenance and query time. Whereas with the emergence of new storage device(SSD, SCRAM), those do not consider a contiguity of posting information in the design of index structures because of its superiority such as low access latency and I/O throughput speeds. However, SSD(Solid State Drive) is not well suited for traditional inverted structures due to the poor random write throughput in practical systems. In this paper, we propose the new efficient online index structure(SPM) for SSD that significantly reduces the query time and improves the index maintenance performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.411-417
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• 2014

Purpose: This study attempts to find the effects of water-based exercise performed on stroke patients in their physiological cost index and static and dynamic balance. Methods: The subjects were 30 stroke patients, who were randomly divided a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group, each with 15 patients. Both exercises ware performed 3 day per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. Results: The Water-based exercise group showed a decreased physiological cost index compared to the land-based exercise group, with the physiological cost index of the water-based exercise group decreasing, while the land-based exercise group, showing a significant decrease. Water-based exercise increased static and dynamic balance capacity better than land-based group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of water-based exercise when compared to land-based exercise. Conclusion: From the result of the study, we found that water-based exercise is more effective in improving PCI and static and dynamic balance capacity. Through this study, training in water-based stroke patients could use cardiovascular endurance and buoyancy and the vortex, as an effective treatment that can enhance the growth and voluntary participation in the range of the patient's own movement the thought is, in consideration of the changes in the physiological cost index due to the difference in the ground and water, and should establish a training program that matches the purpose.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-201
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• 2011

KOSPI200 index is the Korean stock price index consisting of actively traded 200 stocks in the Korean stock market. Its base value of 100 was set on January 3, 1990. The Korea Exchange (KRX) developed derivatives markets on the KOSPI200 index. KOSPI200 index futures market, introduced in 1996, has become one of the most actively traded indexes markets in the world. Traders can make profit by entering a long position on the KOSPI200 index futures contract if the KOSPI200 index will rise in the future. Likewise, they can make profit by entering a short position if the KOSPI200 index will decline in the future. Basically, KOSPI200 index futures trading is a short-term zero-sum game and therefore most futures traders are using technical indicators. Advanced traders make stable profits by using system trading technique, also known as algorithm trading. Algorithm trading uses computer programs for receiving real-time stock market data, analyzing stock price movements with various technical indicators and automatically entering trading orders such as timing, price or quantity of the order without any human intervention. Recent studies have shown the usefulness of artificial intelligent systems in forecasting stock prices or investment risk. KOSPI200 index data is numerical time-series data which is a sequence of data points measured at successive uniform time intervals such as minute, day, week or month. KOSPI200 index futures traders use technical analysis to find out some patterns on the time-series chart. Although there are many technical indicators, their results indicate the market states among bull, bear and flat. Most strategies based on technical analysis are divided into trend following strategy and non-trend following strategy. Both strategies decide the market states based on the patterns of the KOSPI200 index time-series data. This goes well with Markov model (MM). Everybody knows that the next price is upper or lower than the last price or similar to the last price, and knows that the next price is influenced by the last price. However, nobody knows the exact status of the next price whether it goes up or down or flat. So, hidden Markov model (HMM) is better fitted than MM. HMM is divided into discrete HMM (DHMM) and continuous HMM (CHMM). The only difference between DHMM and CHMM is in their representation of state probabilities. DHMM uses discrete probability density function and CHMM uses continuous probability density function such as Gaussian Mixture Model. KOSPI200 index values are real number and these follow a continuous probability density function, so CHMM is proper than DHMM for the KOSPI200 index. In this paper, we present an artificial intelligent trading system based on CHMM for the KOSPI200 index futures system traders. Traders have experienced on technical trading for the KOSPI200 index futures market ever since the introduction of the KOSPI200 index futures market. They have applied many strategies to make profit in trading the KOSPI200 index futures. Some strategies are based on technical indicators such as moving averages or stochastics, and others are based on candlestick patterns such as three outside up, three outside down, harami or doji star. We show a trading system of moving average cross strategy based on CHMM, and we compare it to a traditional algorithmic trading system. We set the parameter values of moving averages at common values used by market practitioners. Empirical results are presented to compare the simulation performance with the traditional algorithmic trading system using long-term daily KOSPI200 index data of more than 20 years. Our suggested trading system shows higher trading performance than naive system trading.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.827-832
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• 2013

An attempt is made to predict the shelf life of seasoned anchovies packaged with laminated film, composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). First, a descriptive sensory analysis is carried out to determine the principal sensory quality index in seasoned anchovies. Then, the physicochemical quality index with high correlation to the principal sensory quality index is determined accordingly. Subsequently, with the physicochemical quality index, the shelf-life is estimated by using the Arrhenius equation. As for the sensory quality index, 'color' is determined as a principal sensory quality index. For all samples stored at 3 different temperatures (25, 35, $45^{\circ}C$), it is observed that the sensory score is shown to be over 2.5 until 60 days of storage period, which is the lowest acceptable level. In addition, the b-value, as a physicochemical quality index, is determined to have a high correlation to the sensory quality index. Further, the activation energy and the Q10 value for the b-value by the Arrhenius equation is found to be 11.24 kcal/mol, 1.385~2.011, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the shelf life of seasoned anchovies packaged with PET/EVOH film is estimated to be 279.44 days when stored at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1247-1253
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• 2015

An inverted index structure is widely used for efficient string similarity search. One of the main requirements of similarity search is a fast response time; to this end, most techniques use an in-memory index structure. Since the size of an inverted index structure usually very large, however, it is not practical to assume that an index structure will fit into the main memory. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel technique that reduces the size of an inverted index. In order to reduce the size of an index, the proposed technique rearranges data strings so that the data strings containing the same q-grams can be placed close to one other. Then, the technique encodes those multiple strings into a range. Through an experimental study using real data sets, we show that our technique significantly reduces the size of an inverted index without sacrificing query processing time.