• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2005

Precision tillage is designed to till lands variably according to their firmness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure soil firmness in fields and present it in a form with which the variable tillage on be performed. Such forms may be classified into two categories: sensor-based and map-based forms. The map-based approach appears to be inevitable until the technology develops high enough to secure the sensor-based approaches. The first step for map-based precision tillage may be to develop a tillage recommendation map. In this study, a tractor-mountable automatic soil firmness measurement system was developed to construct a cone index map. The system is comprised of three ASAE Standard cone penetrometers and a hydraulic unit for controlling operation of the penetrometers. The system is designed to conduct stop-and-go measurements in fields. The measurements from the three penetrometers are transferred to a microcomputer and the average cone index was calculated. This average cone index was taken as soil firmness of the location where the measurement was made. The cone indices thus determined were used to construct a cone index map using the ArcView software. The system also displays the soil penetration resistance, cone index and soil depth as the cone penetrates into the soil. The field performance of the system was evaluated and the cone index maps at different depths were also presented.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

가뭄은 영향을 받는 인자에 따라 체감정도가 달라지는 사회적 현상으로 기후학적 가뭄, 기상학적 가뭄, 농업적 가뭄, 수문학적 가뭄 등 다양한 상대적 개념으로 정의되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양하게 정의되는 가뭄 중에서 기상학적 가뭄을 나타내는 지수에 대한 비교 분석을 실시하고자 하였으며, 실제 과거 가뭄사례와 기상학적 가뭄지수 분석결과의 비교를 통하여 가뭄지수의 적용성을 검토하고자 하였다. 가뭄지수의 비교를 위하여 기상학적 가뭄을 판단하기 위해 일반적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)와 일반적으로 사용되지는 않지만 강수량만을 이용하여 가뭄분석이 가능한 CZI (China-Z Index), MCZI (Modified CZI), ZSI (Z-Score Index) 지수를 이용하였다. 대상지역으로는 최근까지도 가뭄이 발생하였던 태백과 속초지역을 대상으로 선정하였으며 1986년부터 2015년 기상 자료를 이용하여 지속시간 3개월로 가뭄지수 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 SPI 가뭄지수가 과거 제한급수발생 가뭄사례에 대하여 높은 재현성을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었으며 CZI와 MCZI 가뭄지수의 경우 Extreme Dry 발생 횟수는 과거사례와 유사하나 실제 가뭄이 발생했던 년도에 대해서는 낮은 재현성이 나타났다. ZSI 가뭄지수의 경우 발생횟수, 과거사례와의 비교 모두 재현성이 떨어지는 것으로 분석되었다. 가뭄지수의 비교결과 강수량을 이용한 기상학적 가뭄지수의 경우 과거 가뭄사례와 가장 높은 재현성을 보이는 SPI 가뭄지수를 이용하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2005

멀티미디어 데이타베이스와 같은 고차원 응용에서 유사 색인과 검색은 어려운 문제이며, 특히, 다수의 특성을 함께 색인하는 경우에는 더욱 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 고차원 이미지 데이타베이스에서 복합 유사 질의 및 적합성 피드백을 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 새로운 색인 기법인 GB-색인을 제시한다. GB-색인은 각 특성 차원을 독립적으로 처리함으로써 다수의 특성과 다수의 질의 객체를 유연하게 제어한다. 아울러, 비트맵 색인을 통해 데이타베이스에 있는 모든 객체를 비트맵의 집합으로 표현하여 질의를 효율적으로 처리한다. GB-색인의 기술적인 주된 공헌은 다음과 같다: (1) 고차원 데이타를 위한 효율적인 색인, (2) 효율적인 복합 유사 질의 처리, (3) 적합성 피드백을 위한 분리형 질의의 효과적 처리. 실험 결과에 따르면 GB-색인은 순차 탐색 및 VA-파일에 비해 큰 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3527-3531
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• 2015

Background: Serbia is one of the countries with highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer in Central and South Eastern Europe. Introducing a risk index could provide a powerful means for targeting groups at high likelihood of having an abnormal cervical smear and increase efficiency of screening. The aim of the present study was to create and assess validity ofa index for prediction of an abnormal Pap test result. Materials and Methods: The study population was drawn from patients attending Departments for Women's Health in two primary health care centers in Serbia. Out of 525 respondents 350 were randomly selected and data obtained from them were used as the index creation dataset. Data obtained from the remaining 175 were used as an index validation data set. Results: Age at first intercourse under 18, more than 4 sexual partners, history of STD and multiparity were attributed statistical weights 16, 15, 14 and 13, respectively. The distribution of index scores in index-creation data set showed that most respondents had a score 0 (54.9%). In the index-creation dataset mean index score was 10.3 (SD-13.8), and in the validation dataset the mean was 9.1 (SD=13.2). Conclusions: The advantage of such scoring system is that it is simple, consisting of only four elements, so it could be applied to identify women with high risk for cervical cancer that would be referred for further examination.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2006

기존에 제안된 색인 구조는 연속적 이동 객체를 갱신하기 위해 이동 객체의 기존 위치를 삭제하고 새로운 위치를 삽입하는 과정을 반복하기 때문에 많은 갱신 비용을 소요한다. 본 논문에서는 연속적 이동 객체의 갱신 비용을 감소시키기 위한 새로운 색인 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 색인 구조는 이동 객체의 위치를 저장한 공간 분할 방식의 색인 구조와 이동 객체의 위치를 직접 접근하기 위한 보조 색인 구조로 구성된다. 노드의 팬아웃을 증가시키기 위해 자식 노드에 대한 정보는 실제 분할 영역을 저장하는 것이 아니라 kd-tree로 저장한다. 또한, 이동 객체의 위치 갱신을 빠르게 처리하기 위해 색인 구조 전체를 순회하지 않고 단말 노드를 직접 접근하여 상향식으로 갱신을 수행한다. 제안하는 색인 구조의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 다양한 분포 특성에 따라 이동 객체를 생성하고 이동 객체에 대한 삽입, 갱신, 검색 성능을 비교 분석한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

This survey was conducted to investigate the relation of children's obesity index to their mothers' food habit during the October in 1995. The survey covered a total of 492 mothers whose children were in the fifth grade of elementary schools in Cheju City area. The results are summarized as follows: 1.The surveyed children's average WLI(Weight-Length Index) is 107.08. WLI shows that 16.1% of them are overweight, 16.1% obese and 49.8% ideally weighted. The mothers' average BMI(Body Mass Index) is 22.4. 21.8% of them are underweight and 69.4% normal. The children's obesity index is significantly correlated to their fathers', but not significant to their mothers'. 2.As to the food habit I (balance of nutrients intake), 58.4% of the mothers have 'excellent' or 'good' food habit and the mean score is 14.95 out of maximum possible score 24.0. Concerning to the food habit II (intake of sugar, fat and salt etc.), 87.4% of mothers have 'good' or 'fair' food habit and the mean score of is 13.34 out of maximum (possible score) 20.0. The mothers' food habit I and II, as a whole, have no significant effect on the children's obesity index, but in some items the significant relations are founded. The children's chesty index is significantly related to the intake of eggs (P<0.05) and pan-broiled or fried foods (P<0.05). The amount of mothers' food intake is significantly relevant to their obesity index (P<0.001), but not significantly to their children's. The food habit of mothers who have taken midnight snack almost every day are significantly related to their children's chesty index (P<0.05). The findings of the study emphasize the importance of the nutrition education to ensure health and better physical fitness for children and their mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2018

This research was performed to supplement the previous research about the driving rain index (DRI) for Korea determined by using daily weather data for 30 years. The average annual driving rain index (AADRI) was calculated from the hourly weather data, and the magnitude of DRI was investigated according to wind directions. The hourly climate data were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for the period 2009 to 2017. Of 82 locations investigated, seven were classified into regions where the level of exposure of walls to rain was high. The result showed quite a difference from the previous results, in which no high exposure regions were observed. Since the hourly-based and the daily-based annual driving rain index (ADRI) values showed only a slight difference, the result may be explained by the length of the periods used in both studies. The change of DRI according to wind directions showed that there was a certain range of wind directions in which driving rain easily approached building walls. It suggests that the consideration of wind directions with high DRI would be useful to develop a good design of wooden buildings from the point of wood preservation and maintenance.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집(수송기계편)
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• pp.186-189
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• 2005

Since human listening is very sensitive to sound, a subjective index of a sound quality is required. Therefore, in the analysis for each situation, the sound evaluation is composed with sound quality factor. Many researchers spends their effort to make a more reliable and more accurate of sound in term of sound quality index for various system noise. In this study a reliable index is constructed and analyzed using correlation analysis, regression analysis and weighting factor for each sound quality factor. We have made the sound quality index that agrees with more than human subjective sensitivity which apply to various sound quality metrics. Also we applied a 'grade' metric to jury for sound evaluation, analyzed relation between sound duality index and sound quality grade. Then we will judge the sound quality level according to the sound quality grade scheme.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2014

An index was developed that estimates cardiovascular health degree with easily available physiological information such as survey and noninvasive measurement. The survey score was calculated by utilizing questions related to personal disease history, self-feeling, and management state. The measurement score was calculated using physiological parameters such as blood pressure, accelerated plethysmograph(APG), and heart rate variability(HRV), and augmentation index(AI). In order to evaluate effectiveness of the cardiovascular index and modify weighting factors used in each item, a clinical trial was done in a general hospital. The cardiovascular index showed a clear correlation of 0.685 with the doctor's score on the cardiovascular health degree. The correlation between the self-estimated score and doctor's score was as low as 0.217. The large gap between these two scores demonstrated necessity of more objective tools like the cardiovascular index. The cardiovascular score showed a significant difference between normal persons and patients suffering hypertension or diabetes. (p=0.000).

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.468-471
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• 2009

We propose a simple nondestructive method to obtain refractive-index profiles of a graded-index (GRIN) light-focusing rod by means of a diffraction grating. In our proposed method, a laser beam is illuminated through a diffraction grating perpendicular to the axis of the GRIN lens and the separation between the zeroth and first-order diffraction peaks is measured and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the refractive-index profiles of commercially available GRIN lenses can be successfully reconstructed.