• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.628-645
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• 2014

In past few years, distributed hash table (DHT)-based P2P systems have been proven to be a promising way to manage decentralized index information and provide efficient lookup services. However, the skewness of users' preferences regarding keywords contained in a multi-keyword query causes a query load imbalance that combines both routing and response load. This imbalance means long file retrieval latency that negatively influences the overall system performance. Although index replication has a great potential for alleviating this problem, existing schemes did not explicitly address it or incurred high cost. To overcome this issue, we propose, in this paper, an integrated solution that consists of three replication schemes to alleviate query load imbalance while minimizing the cost. The first scheme is an active index replication that is used in order to decrease routing load in the system and to distribute response load of an index among peers that store replicas of the index. The second scheme is a proactive pointer replication that places location information of each index to a predetermined number of peers for reducing maintenance cost between the index and its replicas. The third scheme is a passive index replication that guarantees the maximum query load of peers. The result of simulations indicates that the proposed schemes can help alleviate the query load imbalance of peers. Moreover, it was found by comparison that our schemes are more cost-effective on placing replicas than PCache and EAD.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2018

Due to the increasing interest in synonymous codons, several codon bias-related terms were introduced. As one measure of them, the tRNA adaptation index (tAI) was invented about a decade ago. The tAI is a measure of translational efficiency for a gene and is calculated based on the abundance of intracellular tRNA and the binding strength between a codon and a tRNA. The index has been widely used in various fields of molecular evolution, genetics, and pharmacology. Afterwards, an improved version of the index, named specific tRNA adaptation index (stAI), was developed by adapting tRNA copy numbers in species. Although a subsequently developed webserver (stAIcalc) provided tools that calculated stAI values, it was not available to access pre-calculated values. In addition to about 100 species in stAIcalc, we calculated stAI values for whole coding sequences in 148 species. To enable easy access to this index, we constructed a novel web database, named STADIUM (Species-specific tRNA adaptive index compendium). STADIUM provides not only the stAI value of each gene but also statistics based on pathway-based classification. The database is expected to help researchers who have interests in codon optimality and the role of synonymous codons. STADIUM is freely available at http://stadium.pmrc.re.kr.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of foulant characteristics on Membrane fouling index such as Silt Density Index (SDI) and Modified Fouling Index (MFI). A linear relationship was found relating the fouling index (both SDI and MFI) on particle concentration, but fouling index values were nonlinearly (exponentially) with increasing organic concentration. When organic matter was the primary cause of fouling, the MFI was not accurately predicted due to internal fouling such as pore adsorption. The fouling index was determined mainly by particle characteristics when both particle and organic coexisted in the feed water. This observation was attributed to lessening of organic pore adsorption by particle cake layer formed on the membrane surface. Bench-scale actual fouling experiments demonstrated that permeate flux declines much faster with feed water containing particles than organic matters although fouling potential predicted by SDI values were identical, indicating that the accurate prediction of fouling potential requires the development of fouling index reflecting different foulant characteristics.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권2호통권177호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1984

The auther had studied on the debri index, calculus index and simplified oral hygiene index, which was made according to the oral examination criteria recommened by WHO in 1971. The examined persons were 14,825 persons who lived in large cities and rural area. The obtained results were as follows: 1. the simplified oral hygiene index were 1.81 in male and 1.54 in female who lived I large cities. In rural area, the simplified oral hygiene index were 2.23 in male and 1.92 in female. 2. the debri index, calculus index and oral hygiene index were lower in upper jaw than in lower jaw. 3. According to the aging, debri, index, calculus index and simplified oral hygiene index score wee increased. 4. Dental health education what had done was not so effective on oral hygiene.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 일반인들의 도박 중독 유병률 조사에 활용할 수 있는 단축형 조사도구를 개발하고, 도박 중독자 선별을 위한 기준점(cutoff score)을 탐색했다. 먼저 501명의 도박 이용자들을 대상으로 K-PGSI(Korean Problem Gambling Severity Index)의 단축형 척도를 개발했다. 문항을 선별하기 위해 원척도의 요인부하량과 문항-총점 간 상관, 응답자들의 반응 빈도나 전문가의 경험적 판단 등을 단계적으로 참고하여 요인타당도와 신뢰도가 양호한 네 문항의 단축형 척도를 개발했다. 다음으로 일반인 1,584명을 대상으로 단축형 척도를 교차타당화 하고, 도박 중독자 선별을 위한 기준점을 개발했다. 단축형 척도의 기준점으로 도박 중독 집단을 선별할 때 나타난 민감도(sensitivity)와 특이도(specificity)는 각각 1.00과 0.99로 모두 우수했다. 끝으로 도박 중독 유병률 조사에 본 척도를 어떻게 활용할 수 있을지 논의하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.2027-2041
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding scheme in the index tables of the vector quantization (VQ) compressed images based on index set construction strategy. On the sender side, three index sets are constructed, in which the first set and the second set include the indices with greater and less occurrence numbers in the given VQ index table, respectively. The index values in the index table belonging to the second set are added with prefixes from the third set to eliminate the collision with the two derived mapping sets of the first set, and this operation of adding prefixes has data hiding capability additionally. The main data embedding procedure can be achieved easily by mapping the index values in the first set to the corresponding values in the two derived mapping sets. The same three index sets reconstructed on the receiver side ensure the correctness of secret data extraction and the lossless recovery of index table. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2024

In the realm of rock excavation projects, precise estimation of the drilling rate index stands as a pivotal factor in strategic planning and cost assessment. This study introduces and evaluates two pioneering computational intelligence models designed for the prognostication of the drilling rate index, a pivotal parameter with direct implications for cost estimation in rock excavation projects. These models, denoted as the Relevance Vector Regression (RVR) optimized with the Invasive Weed Optimization algorithm (IWO) (RVR-IWO model) and the RVR integrated with the Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm (SFL) (RVR-SFL model), represent a groundbreaking approach to forecasting drilling rate index. The RVR-IWO and RVR-SFL models were meticulously devised to harness the capabilities of computational intelligence and optimization techniques for drilling rate index estimation. This research pioneers the integration of IWO and SFL with RVR, constituting an unprecedented effort in forecasting drilling rate index. The primary objective of this study was to gauge the precision and dependability of these models in forecasting the drilling rate index, revealing significant distinctions between the two. In terms of predictive precision, the RVR-IWO model emerged as the superior choice when compared to the RVR-SFL model, underscoring the remarkable efficacy of the Invasive Weed Optimization algorithm. The RVR-IWO model delivered noteworthy results, boasting a Variance Account for (VAF) of 0.8406, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0114, and a Squared Correlation Coefficient (R²) of 0.9315. On the contrary, the RVR-SFL model exhibited slightly lower precision, yielding an MSE of 0.0160, a VAF of 0.8205, and an R2 of 0.9120. These findings serve to highlight the potential of the RVR-IWO model as a formidable instrument for drilling rate index prediction, particularly within the framework of rock excavation projects. This research not only makes a significant contribution to the realm of drilling engineering but also underscores the broader adaptability of the RVR-IWO model in tackling an array of challenges within the domain of rock engineering. Ultimately, this study advances the comprehension of drilling rate index estimation and imparts valuable insights into the practical implementation of computational intelligence methodologies within the realm of engineering projects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.1202-1210
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• 2006

목 적 : Tei 지수는 전반적인 심기능을 양적으로 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있으나 심박동수, 전부하, 후부하에 영향을 받을 수 있으며 같은 심장 cycle에서 측정하기 어려운 단점이 제시되고 있다. 이에 반해 modified Tei 지수는 TDI을 이용하여 같은 cycle 내에서 측정 가능하기 때문에 기존의 Tei 지수의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 방 법 : 가와사키병의 급성기 환아 48명을 두 군(modified Tei 지수가 0.37 미만인 24명을 1군, modified Tei 지수가 0.37 이상인 24명을 2군), 그리고 열이 없는 정상 소아 30명을 대조군인 3군으로 나누어 연구를 시행하였다. 혈액 검사, TDI, 고식적인 심초음파를 시행하였다. 수축기 심근 속도, 초기 이완기(E') 심근 속도, 그리고 후기 이완기(A') 심근 속도와 조직 이동을 심저, 심중간부, 심첨에서 측정하였다. Ejection fraction(EF), Tei 지수, modified Tei 지수를 계산하였다. 결 과 : 백혈구수와 CRP는 2군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 좌심실 기저부 수축기 심근 조직 이동, 초기 이완기 및 후기 이완기 심근 조직 이동이 2군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. Modified Tei 지수와 심실 기저부의 수축기 심근조직 이동(r=0.331), 초기 이완기(E') 심근 조직 이동(r=0.296), 그리고 후기 이완기(A') 심근 조직 이동(r=0.266)이 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Modified Tei 지수가 증가할수록 ESR(r=0.561)과 CRP(r=0.427)가 유의하게 증가하는 양의 상관관계가 보였다. EF과 Tei 지수는 정상이었다. 결 론 : 가와사키병에서 TDI를 이용한 modified Tei 지수는 EF이나 Tei 지수로 구별되지 않았던 심기능 이상을 발견하는데 매우 도움이 되는 유용한 지표로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was taken to investigate factors related to dental caries in deciduous teeth of preschool children. Methods : this study was completed by oral examination on 623 kindergarten pupils and questionnaire on their mothers in Sangju city from April 1 to May 20, 2001. Study design is Cross-sectional Study. Results: The mean values for decayed teeth indexed(dt index), filled teeth index(ft index), and decayed and filled teeth index(dft index) was 2.46, 1.85, and 4.30 respectively. 2.05 for girl was significantly lower than 2.77 of boy in gender (p<0.01). As child ren got older, values were higher(0.7 and 2.84 of three years old, 1.6 and 4.01 of four, 2.42 and 5.02 of five) in ft and dft index(p<0.001). Also, Mother age was almost same, that is, 4.12 dft value for 30~34 years was smaller than 6.17 for above forties(p<0.001). 2.07 and 4.68 for mothers who graduated from high school were higher than 1.36 and 3.34 for university in the ft and dft index(p<0.05), that is, the more they had a high educational level, the lower they got a values. Value 2.76 for children who had non cariogenic food was lower than 5.11 for those who had cariogenic food in dft index(p<0.001). In dft index, 3.82 of children who have learned the education on oral health from mother frequently have lower than 45 of children who have never learned (p<0.05). The ft value of children who had a snack food with mother(1.29) was a smaller than children had it at out of home(1.97)(p<0.05). The variables related 10 dft index were children and mothers age, educational level, and kinds of snack food (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study reveals that younger girl, younger mother, higher educational level, and non cariogenic foods showed lower dft index.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

Objectives : This research examined the Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index according to smoking and tooth brushing behavior, in order to analyze how they influence the oral hygiene. Methods : This research used PHP index and the structured questionnaire. The subjects were 203 men in their 20's who visited K university's dental hygiene department for oral prophylaxis from March to July of 2012. For data analysis SPSS WIN 12.0 was used. Results : 1. The average PHP index of all experimented subjects was 2.66, a very poor level. The PHP index according to general characteristics, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed statistical significance(p<0.05). 2. PHP index decreased with more frequencies and longer durations of toothbrushing(p<0.05). 3. The PHP index of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. In the case of non-smokers, the frequency, method, and duration of tooth brushing had a statistical significance(p<0.05). 4. The PHP index of smokers who smoke less than or equal to ten cigarettes is 2.53 and smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes is 3.10. 5. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that smoking increased the PHP index, while the increase in tooth brushing frequency and the up and down tooth brushing method decreased the PHP index. All the coefficients were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : In order to increase Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index. there must be a decrease in smoking rate while people increase their tooth brushing frequency and use a proper tooth brushing method.