• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7211-7217
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• 2015

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum osteopontin (OPN) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN promoter in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Four groups were studied, which included 157 patients with HCC, 73 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 97 with chronic hepatitis (CH), along with 80 healthy subjects. Serum OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured. The SNPs -66 T/G, -156 G/${\Delta}G$ and -433 C/T within the OPN promoter were determined by direct sequencing. Results: Serum OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in the other groups. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves in distinguishing HCC from chronic liver disease (CLD; CH and LC) were 0.782 (95% CI; 0.729-0.834) for OPN and 0.888 (95% CI; 0.850-0.927) for AFP. Using the optimal cut-off value (70 ng/mL), OPN had sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 71%, respectively. Serum OPN was superior to AFP in detecting early-stage HCC (68% vs. 46%). A combination of both markers yielded an improved sensitivity for detecting early HCC to 82%. A high OPN level was significantly correlated with advanced BCLC stage and was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The SNPs -156 and -443 were associated with susceptibility to HCC, but were not related to overall survival. Conclusions: Serum OPN is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC. The combined use of serum OPN and AFP improved the diagnosis of early HCC. Genetic variation in the OPN promoter is associated with the risk, but not the prognosis of HCC.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.168-174
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• 1997

1993년 1월부터 1996년 9월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 내원한 임신 8주에서 41주까지의 정상임산부 500명을 대상으로 혈청 AFP치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정상임산부 혈청 AFP치는 임신 8주에 가장 낮았으며, 임신 32주에서 최고치를 나타내었다. 2. 초산부와 경산부의 혈청 AFP평균치는 각각 $166.4{\pm}12.1ng/ml$, $223.8{\pm}14.0ng/ml$ 이었으며, 경산부가 초산부보다 혈청 AFP치가 통계적으로 의의있게 높았다(p<0.01). 3. 정상남아와 정상여아를 분만한 임산부의 혈청 AFP평균치는 각각 $193.0{\pm}13.0ng/ml$, $194.3{\pm}13.8ng/ml$이었으며, 정상남아를 분만한 임산부는 정상 여아를 분만한 임산부와 비교시 혈청 AFP치가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 각 주수에 따른 정상 산모의 혈청 AFP는 표 3과 같다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2010

Objective : Bujeonghangam-tang(BH) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine. This study was carried out to clarify the effect of BH extract on hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Method : Experimental groups were divided into two, 8th and 12th week groups, and subdivided into four; normal group(Nor), cirrhosis and hepatic cancer inducing control group(Con), and BH extract 320 mg/kg/day(BHA) or 640 mg/kg/day(BHB) administered groups to Con. Results: In the 8th week group: The body weight decreased significantly in Con compared with the Nor. The activities of transaminase, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and lactacte dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased(p<0.05) in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the BHA and BHB compared with Con. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con compared to BHA and BHB. The results of light microscopical observation, a number of hepatocytes were damaged in the Con compared with Nor and BH extract administerd groups. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was reduced in the BH extract administered groups. According to the electron microscopical observation, hepatocarcinoma cells were observed distinctly in the Con compared with BH extract administered groups. In the 12 weeks group: The results of body were similar to 8th week groups. The activities of transaminase and ALT were significantly increased(p<0.05) in the Con compared with Nor. LDH was significantly(p<0.05) increased in the Con compared with Nor but significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the BHB. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con among ex perimental groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the Con, but the activities of catalase were not increased(p<0.05) compared with Nor. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was increased in the Con. The results of electron microscopical observation were similar to 8th week groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that ad ministration of BH extract suppress or retard DENA and $CCl_4$-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis in rats.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

배아줄기세포(embryonic stem cell, ESC)는 미분화상태로 지속적인 계대가 가능하며, 정상 핵형과 전 분화능(pluripotency)을 가져 생체내-외에서 분화 유도시 삼배엽성의 모든 세포로 분화 가능하다. ESC를 feeder 세포 없이 부유배양하면 배아체(embryoid body, EB)를 형성하고, 초기 배아 발생과 유사한 분화 양상을 갖는다. ESC의 분화 유도가 초기배아 발생처럼 생식호르몬(GTH: FSH, LH; steroids)의 영향을 받는지는 불명하다. 본 연구는 ESC가 분화과정중 생식호르몬처리에 의해 그들 수용체가 발현되는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 순계혈통 생쥐인 C57BL/6J에서 과배란 유도후 포배를 수획하고, 유사분열적으로 불활성화된 feeder 세포와 공배양하여, 계대배양 하는 중 배아줄기세포주(JHYl)를 확립하였다. JHY1의 alkaline phosphatase 활성과 SSEA-1, 3, 4 발현을 통해 ESC임을 확인하였다. Feeder 세포 없이 ESC를 계대배양 후 호르몬처리(FSH LH E$_2$, P$_4$, T)하에서 5일 동안 부유배양하여 배아체를 형성시키고, 이후 7일 동안 부착배양하여 분화를 유도하였다. GTH와 스테로이드의 수용체 발현 실험에서 ESC에 E$_2$ 처리에 의한 LHR의 발현 증가를 제외한 나머지 호르몬 처리군에서 ESC보다 낮은 생식호르몬의 수용체 발현이 관찰되었다. 생식호르몬을 농도별 수용체 발현 정도는 증감되지 않았다. 미분화 ESC 표지유전자인 Oct-4는 호르몬 처리군에서도 발현되었다. 각 배엽의 표지유전자들(영양세포, handl; 외배엽성, keratin와fgf-5; 중배엽성, enolase와 $\alpha$ -globin; 내배엽성, gata-4와 $\alpha$ -fetoprotein) 등의 발현 양상을 조사한 결과 호르몬 처리후 내배엽성 표지유전자외에는 발현 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 즉 생식호르몬에 의해 gata-4, $\alpha$-fetoprotein의 발현이 증가되는 것으로 보아 내배엽성 계열로의 분화 유도가 이루어진 것으로 사료된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

목적 : 자동분주기의 fixed probe pipetting system 은 검체 분주시 probe 내외부의 잔여물이 다음 pipetting cycle로 이월되어 처음 측정치가 차기 측정치의 결과에 영향을 미치는 이월오염(carryover contamination)을 발생시킬 수 있다. 이번 연구는 본원에 도입된 TECAN 사의 Freedom Evo 100 자동 분주기의 $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP)과 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 검사 시 검체간 이월오염 발생을 확인하였다. 방법 : reference 가 되는 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체를 연속분주한다. 그런 후 고농도 검체를 분주한 다음 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체를 연속 3회 분주하는 과정을 교대로 반복한다. 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체와 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체값의 각 평균값을 서로 비교하여보고 각 저농도 검체값이 최소 검출 농도 이하인지 확인하고 만약 저농도 검체값간의 평균값이 차이가 있다면 그 차이가 1 ppm 이하의 carryover target 농도값 이하인지 확인한다. 결과 : AFP 약 650,000 IU/mL와 CEA 약 65,000 ng/mL의 고농도 검체에서는 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체값과 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체값의 평균값 모두 각 검사의 최소 검출 농도값 이하로 이월오염이 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 이번 연구에서 사용한 AFP와 CEA의 고농도 검체에서는 이월오염이 나타나지 않았지만 검사자는 검사결과 보고시 고농도 검체가 다음 환자 검사결과의 안정성에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 주시하고 이월오염을 확인하기위해 주기적인 장비관리와 이월오염 측정을 시행하여야한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.719-722
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• 2015

Objective: To evaluate the values of 4 tumor markers in serum and ascites and their ascites/serum ratios in the identification and diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 patients were selected as subjects and divided into malignant ascites group (45 cases) and benign ascites group (31 cases). Samples of ascites and serum of all hospitalized patients were collected before treatment. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were detected by chemiluminescence (CLIA). Results: CEA, AFP and CA19-9 in both serum and ascites as well as CA125 in ascites were evidently higher in the malignant ascites group than in the benign ascites group (P<0.01). Malignant ascites was associated with elevated ascites/serum ratios for AFP and CA125 (P<0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROCs) of CEA and CA125 in ascites and the ratios of ascites/serum of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 were all >0.7, suggesting certain values, while those of ascites CA19-9 and serum CEA were 0.697 and 0.629 respectively, indicating low accuracy in the identification and diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. However, the AUROCs of the remaining indexes were <0.5, with no value for identification and diagnosis. Compared with single index, the sensitivity of combined detection increased significantly (P<0.05), in which the combined detection of CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 in ascites as well as the ratio of ascites/serum of CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and AFP had the highest sensitivity (98.4%) but with relevantly low specificity. Both sensitivity and specificity of combined detection should be comprehensively considered so as to choose the most appropriate index. Conclusions: Compared with single index, combined detection of tumor markers in serum and ascites can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.204-208
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• 1995

The cytologic findings of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary are reported. The cytologic preperations were obtained from ascitic specimens. The findings on Papanicolaou-stained smears included a clean background and poorly preserved atypical cells loosely arranged in irregular or papillary groups. At high magnification, the cells had ill-defined and microvacuolated cytoplasms, with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. Hyaline globules characteristic of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-synthesizing cells of endodermal sinus tumor were observed within the cells with periodic-acid-Schiff(PAS) stain. The presence of PAS-positive hyaline globules can be regarded, therefore, as a diagnostic clue to endodermal sinus tumor in an appropriate clinical setting and in the presence of AFP production. The cytologic findings in a cell block is important, in addition to smears, to obtain more diagnostic clues. A preliminary cytomorphologic diagnosis of this highly malignant tumor is valuable as a guide in planning further immunocytochemical and serologic studies.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1993

Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum is a very rare malignant tumor, usually affecting young adolescents, and its histologic findings are characteristic as that of gonadal germ cell origin. We describe the cytologic finding of fine needle aspiration of mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor in a 19-year-old male patient, comparing with tissue section. The tumor cells in smears were usually in tight clusters with large overlapping cells, which were arranged in a papillary or microacinar pattern, suggesting carcinoma. The tumor cells were large, round or oval with a small amount of cytoplasm which was occasionally vacuolated and had indistinct border. The nuclei were large, pleomorphic, and vesicular with large prominent nucleoli. The tissue sections showed typical findings of endodermal sinus tumor. Careful correlation of cytological findings and the serum alpha -fetoprotein level would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2057-2060
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• 2014

Purpose: To assess the effect and safety of lobaplatin combinated floxuridine /pirarubicin in transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE) of unresectable primary liver cancer. Patients and Methods: TACE combined with the chemotherapy regimen was used to treat 34 unresectable primary liver cancer patients. DSA/MRI/CT/blood routine examinations were used to evaluate short term activity and toxicity after 4-5 weeks, the process being repeated if necessary. Results: Among the 34 cases, 1 (2.9%) showed a complete response, 21 (61.7%) a partial response, 8 (23.5%) stable disease, and 4 progressive disease, with a total effective rate of 67.6%. The content of alpha fetoprotein dropped by over 50% in 20 cases (58.8%). The rate of recovery was hepatalgia (88.2%), ascites (47.1%), appetite (55.9%), Performance Status(30.4%). The median follow-up time (MFT) was 281 days (63-558 days), and median progression-free survival was 118.5 days (95%, CI:88.8-148.2days). Adverse reactions (III-IV grade) were not common, with only 4 cases of vomiting and 2 cases of thrombocytopenia (III grade). Conclusions: Lobaplatin-based TACE is an effective and safe treatment for primary liver cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dangerous cancer that often evades early detection because it is asymptomatic and an effective detection method is lacking. For people with chronic liver inflammation who are at high risk of developing HCC, a sensitive detection method for HCC is needed. In a meta-analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer methylation database, we identified a CpG island in the USP44 promoter that is methylated specifically in HCC. We developed methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis to measure the methylation levels of the USP promoter in cell-free DNA isolated from patients. Our MS-HRM assay correctly identified 40% of patients with early-stage HCC, whereas the α-fetoprotein test, which is currently used to detect HCC, correctly identified only 25% of early-stage HCC patients. These results demonstrate that USP44 MS-HRM analysis is suitable for HCC surveillance.