• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.505-519
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• 2016

If the seabed is exposed to high waves for a long period, the pore water pressure may be excessive, making the seabed subject to liquefaction. As the water pressure change due to wave action is transmitted to the pore water pressure of the seabed, a phase difference will occur because of the fluid resistance from water permeability. Thus, the effective stress of the seabed will be decreased. If a composite breakwater or other structure with large wave reflection is installed over the seabed, a partial standing wave field is formed, and thus larger wave loading is directly transmitted to the seabed, which considerably influences its stability. To analyze the 3-D dynamic response characteristics of the seabed around a composite breakwater, this study performed a numerical simulation by applying LES-WASS-3D to directly analyze the wave-structure-soil interaction. First, the waveform around the composite breakwater and the pore water pressure in the seabed and rubble mound were compared and verified using the results of existing experiments. In addition, the characteristics of the wave field were analyzed around the composite breakwater, where there was an opening under different incident wave conditions. To analyze the effect of the changed wave field on the 3-D dynamic response of the seabed, the correlation between the wave height distribution and pore water pressure distribution of the seabed was investigated. Finally, the numerical results for the perpendicular phase difference of the pore water pressure were aggregated to understand the characteristics of the 3-D dynamic response of the seabed around the composite breakwater in relation to the water-structure-soil interaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.78-96
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• 1973

This study of 855 clinical nurses was conducted using a questionnaire that include tour different scales; the motives of determining their profession, the attitudes toward their profession, the general items, and desire and expectation to their profession and society. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test and Percentage. The results of this study included Hypothesis are as follows; The respondents were 855 (78.6%) among 1088 clinical nurses who were employed by General of Educational hospitals through the city of Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Daejun, Kwangju, and Wonju. 1) a. In the Age Distribution, the majority of respondents were under the age of 30yrs(88.2%) and the minority were above 31yrs(11.2%), and the preponderance of the majority to minority(9:1) was noted. In compared with area, a group above 31yrs old in Seoul (6.9%) was lower than other area (16.3%). b. The types of Educational background were 16.3% in Voc.Tr. School, 66.5% in Diploma and 17.1% in Degree.146 clinical nurses were from the Degree course, and 142 (97.3%) CN among those of them were occupied around Seoul and 4(2.7%) around other area. c. In the Marital Status,71,5% were the unmarried and 28.5% were the married. And compared with the area was 20.4% in Seoul and 41.4% in other area. d. Most common Length of Clinical Experience after graduation was under tile 2yrs (55.4%), 3yrs(14.2%, and 4yrs (6.2%). In compared with area, Seoul (15.3%) was lower than other area (38.1%) above 5yrs of clinical experience, and the preponderance of tile other area to Seoul as 2.5: I was noted. 2) a. Hypothesis 1 was significant relation between the types of Educational Background of the CN and their motives for selection of Nursing, P-value was below 0.01. b. There was a significance on hypothesis 2 (P＜0.01): that was relation between their motives for selection of clinical nursing field after their graduation and the area which they were employed. c. Hypothesis 4 was accepted as significant relation between the level of satisfaction of their clinical experience after their graduation and the types of educational back ground, P-value was below 0.01. d. There was a significance on hypothesis 5(P＜0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about the orientation program and the area which they were employed. e. Hypothesis 6 was retained as significant relation between the area and inservice educational programme of their employed hospital was practising or not. P-value was 0.01. f. Hypothesis 7 was retained as significant relation between the area and the CN's response about the inservice educational programme of their employed. P-value was below 0.01. g. There was a significance on hypothesis 8 (P<0.0l) that was relation between the CN's experience on attending the professional meeting and the area. h. Hypothesis 10 was accepted as significant relation between the response about the present licence system and their educational background. p-value was below 0.01. i. There was a significance on hypothesis 11 (P fO.01) that was relation between the carrying out the regular and delivery vacation and the area. J. Hypothesis 12 was accepted as significant relation between the CN's consideration of the lack of leisure and their marital status. p-value was below 0.01' k. There was a significance on hypothesis 13 (P <0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about their salary and their marital status. l. Hypothesis 14 was significant relation between the most difficulties of CN during their working and the hospital which they were employed. p-value was below 0.01.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.29B no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

This study presents a complete octree construction algorithm for 2D depth images obtained from orthogonal face views, which can represent 3D objects exactly. In constructing quadtree, optimal quadtree construction algorithm is applied to depth images for efficient use of memory and reduction of tree construction time. In addition, pseudo-octrees are constructed by using our proposed method, which construct pseudo-octrees according to the resolution value given in each node of constructed quadtree and mapping relation between quadrants and octants. Finally, a complete octree, which represents a 3D object, is constructed by volume intersection with each constructed pseudo-octree. The representation accuracy of a complete octree constructed by our algorithm is investigated by using a 3D display method and a volume ratio method for a complete octree.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1541-1547
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• 2001

The non-dimensional fin length for optimum heat loss from a thermally asymmetric rectangular fin is represented as a function of the ratio of the bottom surface Biot number to the top surface Biot number, fin tip surface Biot number and the non-dimensional fin width. Optimum heat loss is taken as 98% of the maximum heat loss. For this analysis, three dimensional separation of variables method is used. Also, the relation between the ratio of the bottom surface Biot number to the top surface Biot number and the ratio of the right surface Biot number to the left surface Biot number is presented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.601-610
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between R&D investment and growth rate of manufacturing firms in Incheon. Methods: The balanced panel data of 246 firms which have existed for the period 2001-2012 are constructed. As a method of analysis, fixed effects panel data model is used. Results: There is a one year lag in the relationship between R&D intensity and the subsequent sales growth of firms and its relation depends on the firms' characteristics. Conclusion: We suggest the emphasis on R&D investment for firms' growth and the differentiated R&D program based on firm size. This article has the limitation that various types of R&D investment cannot be included in this analysis.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

D-class computation requires multiplication of three Boolean matrices for each of all possible triples of $n{\times}n$ Boolean matrices and search for equivalent $n{\times}n$ Boolean matrices according to a specific equivalence relation. It is easy to see that even multiplying all $n{\times}n$ Boolean matrices with themselves shows exponential time complexity and D-Class computation was left an unsolved problem due to its computational complexity. The vector-based multiplication theory shows that the multiplication of three Boolean matrices for each of all possible triples of $n{\times}n$ Boolean matrices can be done much more efficiently. However, D-Class computation requires computation of equivalent classes in addition to the efficient multiplication. The paper discusses a theory and an algorithm for efficient D-class computation, and shows execution results of the algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.267-273
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• 2003

We have investigated the effect on inducing substate(s) of positively charged residues replaced in position 172 of the second transmembrane domain in murine inward rectifier potassium channels, formed by stable or transient transfection of Kir2.1 gene in MEL or CHO cells. Single channel recordings were obtained from either cell-attached patches or inside-out patches excised into solution containing 10 mM EDTA to rule out the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ on the channel gating. The substate(s) could be recorded with all mutants D172H, D172K and D172R. The unitary current-voltage (I-V) relation was not linear with D172H at $pH_i$ 6.3, whereas the unitary I-V relation was linear at $pH_i$ 8.0. The relative occupancy at $S_{LC}$ was increased from 0.018 at $pH_i$ 8.0 to 0.45 at $pH_i$ 5.5. In H-N dimer, that was increased from 0.016 at $pH_i$ 8.0 to 0.23 at $pH_i$ 5.5. The larger the size of the side chain or $pK_a$ with mutants (D172H, D172K and D172R), the more frequent the transitions between the fully open state and substate within an opening. The conductance of the substate also depended upon the pKa or the size of the side chain. The relative occupancy at substate $S_{LC}$ with monomer D172K (0.50) was less than that in K-H dimer (0.83). However, the relative occupancy at substate with D172R (0.79) was similar to that with R-N dimer (0.82). In the contrary to ROMK1, positive charge as well as negative charge in position 172 can induce the substate rather than block the pore in murine Kir2.1. The single channel properties of the mutant, that is, unitary I-V relation, the voltage dependence of the mean open time and relative occupancy of the substates and the increased latency to the first opening, explain the intrinsic gating observed in whole cell recordings.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.333-344
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• 2017

We present the environmental dependence of the luminosity-size relation of galaxies in the local universe (z < 0.01) along with their dependence on galaxy morphology represented by five broad types (E, dEs, S0, Sp, and Irr). The environmental parameters we consider are the local background density and the group/cluster membership together with the clustercenteric distance for the Virgo cluster galaxies. We derive the regression coefficient (${\beta}$), i.e., the slope of the line representing the least-squares fitting to the data and the Pearson correlation coefficient (c.c.) representing the goodness of the least-squares fit along with the confidence interval from bootstrap resampling. We find no significant dependence of the luminosity-size relation on galaxy morphology. However, there is a weak dependence of the luminosity-size relations on the environment of galaxies, in the sense that galaxies in the low density environment have shallower slopes than galaxies in the high density regions except for elliptical galaxies that show an opposite trend.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of the resilience on the relationship between type D personality and compliance of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. Methods: The subjects were 236 CAD patients who visited the cardiology outpatient clinics of D University Medical Center in B City in Korea. The type D personality, resilience, and compliance of subjects were measured using structured questionnaires from July to August, 2014. The mediating effect was analyzed by a multiple hierarchical regression. Results: The subjects with type D personality accounted for 30.9% of all study subjects. The resilience and compliance of type D subjects were significantly lower than those of non type D subjects. There was a significant correlation between resilience and compliance. The direct effect of type D personality on compliance was not significant (${\beta}=-.07$, p=.243), while the indirect effect of type D personality on compliance via resilience was significant (${\beta}=.23$, p<.001). Conclusion: On the basis of above results, it can be concluded that the resilience had completely mediating effect on the relation between type D personality and compliance of CAD patients. Further studies need to be done to develop the intervention enhancing resilience of CAD patients with Type D personality.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2011

A knowledge map, which has been recently applied in various fields, is discovering characteristics hidden in a large amount of information and showing a tangible output to understand the meaning of the discovery. In this paper, we suggested a knowledge map for research trend analysis based on keyword-relation networks which are constructed by using a database of the domestic journal articles in the computer engineering field from 2000 through 2010. From that knowledge map, we could infer influential changes of a research topic related a specific keyword through examining the change of sizes of the connected components to which the keyword belongs in the keyword-relation networks. In addition, we observed that the size of the largest connected component in the keyword-relation networks is relatively small and groups of high-similarity keyword pairs are clustered in them by comparison with the random networks. This implies that the research field corresponding to the largest connected component is not so huge and many small-scale topics included in it are highly clustered and loosely-connected to each other. our proposed knowledge map can be considered as a approach for the research trend analysis while it is impossible to obtain those results by conventional approaches such as analyzing the frequency of an individual keyword.