• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2001

Nine tons of fresh rice straw from early-maturing varieties was ensiled with 50 g urea $kg^{-1}$ DM straw in plastic bags immediately after threshing. Five months after storage, preserved straw was used to partially replace elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumach) for lactating cows. Eight crossbred Holstein lactating cows (75% of Holstein blood) in their second to fourth lactation and in mid-lactation were arranged in a balanced design with two squares consisting of $4\;periods{\times}4\;treatments$ (100% grass ad lib. as a control; 75% grass+urea treated fresh rice straw (UTrFRS) ad lib.; 50% grass+UTrFRS ad lib.; 25% grass+UTrFRS ad libitum) in one square. A concentrate supplement was given at a rate of 400 g per day per kg of milk produced. Samples of fresh straw taken in the field and UTrFRS and elephant grass taken at feeding time were evaluated in a degradation trial with 3 fistulated heifers (undefined blood ratio of crossbred of Sindhi and local yellow cattle). Straw preserved for 5-9 months was in nearly all cases of good quality. Crude protein (CP) content was increased 2.1 fold and 48 h dry matter loss (DML) was 20% higher compared to dry straw. Elephant grass cultivated intensively was low in DM content and 10% higher in 48 h DML compared to UTrFRS. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher for the mixture of UtrFRS and Elephant grass, and highest when one-third of the roughage was UTrFRS. Higher DMI of mixed roughage diets was probably due to the low DM content of elephant grass in the sole grass roughage diet. Increasing substitution of elephant grass with UTrFRS up to 75% of the roughage component increased milk fat content and had no effect on milk yield and other milk composition parameters. Feeding UTrFRS, partially replacing elephant grass in the diets of lactating cows in the dry season can reduce the cost of roughage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2005

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects on growth performance, meat quality parameters and fatty acids of meat by restricted diet amount on finishing Berkshires. A total of 180 pigs (Berkshire, initially 52 kg BW) at 100 days of age were allotted in arrangement in a completely randomized design (10 pigs per pen), blocked arrangement of treatments with 3 replications. The variables were market ages (180, 200 and 220 days) and in which was also included sex (gilts and barrow). All the pigs were restrictively fed so that day could be marked at 103 kg. Pork quality was evaluated from 4 pigs of each treatment. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were decreased (p<0.05) with age increase. The ratio of feed to gain was increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days compared to that of 180 days. Moisture and crude protein of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) at 180 days were increased (p<0.05) compared to 200 and 220 days. Crude fat was increased (p<0.05) by age and crude ash was lower (p<0.05) at 180 days than at 220 days. Red to green meat color scale (CIE a$^{*}$) increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days more than at 180 days. Regarding fatty acid composition in meat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) was increased more (p<0.05) at 220 days than at 180 and 200 days. The results indicate that even with a restricted diet of low nutrient supplement, there was an improvement in Berkshire meat quality parameters.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2001

This survey was carried out to study the difference of nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition according to food intake diversity in the elderly(age 65 year over and 74 year under) in a local city. A diet survey with one day 24-recall method was used for 216 subjects(65 male & 151 female). Based on a food intake diversity examination, including an evaluation of KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score ; counts the number of food groups consumed daily from total five food groups(cereal, meat, vegetable, dairy, and oil groups)), Meal Balance(apply the KDDS at breakfast, lunch and dinner), and DVS(Dietary Variety Score ; total number of foods consumed), subjects were clustered according to food intake diversity. Food intake diversity patterns of male and female clusters were classified each into threes(Male-low group(24.6%), middle group(33.8%), and high group(41.5%)/Female low group(41.7%) middle group(37.1%), and high group(21.2%). The averages of KDDS, Meal Balance and DVS were 3.0, 7.5, 14.8 in the male middle group, and 4.5, 10.2, 25.7 in the male high group, 2.7, 6.3, 14.3 in the female low group, 4.0, 8.6, 18.0 in the female middle group, and 4.5, 10.5, 25.7 in the female high group respectively. The average dairy intake of nutrients below the RDA were energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$and niacin in the male low group, energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$in the male middle group and energy, Ca, Vitamin B$_2$in the male high group but a little. Also the female low group had intakes of all nutrients except Vitamin C, the middle group had intakes of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$, and the female high group had intakes of energy, Ca, Vitamin A below the RDA respectively. Food intake diversity increasing, nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition proved to be good. This study explored the usefulness of cluster analysis in identifying food intake diversity of three groups of the elderly in relation to their nutrient intake, food behavior and health conditions.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

본 연구는 동, 식물성 단백질 식이에 고콜레스테롤을 공급한 식이와 열수 추출한 녹차급여가 지질대사와 항산화계에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한국 사람들이 보통 전통차로 음용하는 조건인 $0.5\%$ 녹차열수 추출물을 동물성 단백질인 카제인,식품성 단백질인 대두 단백질과 고콜레스테롤을 체중이 약 180g이 되는 Sprague-Dawley종 수 컷 흰쥐에 공급하여 지방대사와 항산화계에 미치는 영향을 보고자하였다. 4주간 실험식이로 사육한 후 혈청지질성분과, 간의 지질성분, 간의 항산화 효소 활성과 과산화물인 TBARS의 양을 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체중증가량과 FER은 전반적으로 대두단백질 군보다 카제인 군이 높았고 카제인 군에서는 녹차열수추출물을 공급하였을 때 체중증가량과 FER이 유의적으로 감소하였다(P < 0.05). 식이섭취량은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 혈청 중의 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 전반적으로 대두단백질 군보다 카제인 군이 높았으나 카제인군의 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도만이 녹차열수추출물을 공급하엿을 때 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P < 0.05). 3. 간의 중성지방 함량은 전반적으로 대두단백질 군보다 카제인 군이 높았으나 녹차열수추출물을 공급했을 때 대두단백질 군에서만 중성지방 함량이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P < 0.05). 4. 간의 항산화효소의 활성은 모든 군에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나 TBARS 함량은 녹차열수추출물을 공급했을 때 카제인 군에서만 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P < 0.05). 이결과로 보면 식물성 단백질군 보다는 동물성 단백질군에 녹차 열수 추출물을 공급하였을 때 사료효율, 체중감소, 혈청 LDL-콜레스테롤과 간의 TBARS(thiovarbituric acid reactivesubstance) 생성을 낮추는 효과를 보여주었다. 간의 중성지방의 경우는 대두단백질 군에서만 녹차열수추물 공급에 따라 낮아지는 효과가 있었다(P < 0.05). 그러므로 녹차 열수 추출물이 지방대사와 항산화계에 미치는 영향은 식물성단백질 보다는 동물성 단백질이 공급된 식이에 건강에 바람직한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine body composition and dietary self-efficacy in nursing students. Methods: The study was a descriptive, correlational study with a convenience sample of 197 female nursing students. This study was conducted from April 1st to May 31th in 2015. SPSS 21.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: The average of body protein was $7.90{\pm}1.17kg$ and normal range was 33%. A BMI's average was $21.02{\pm}2.94kg/m^2$ and 62.9 fell into standard range. The average of dietary self-efficacy of subjects was $3.42{\pm}0.53$. The subjects performed intense physical activities during three or more days had higher body protein (F=5.89, p=.003), body minerals (F=6.15, p=.003) and body-efficacy (F=4.13, p=.017) but remarkably lower body fat (F=4.04, p=.019). There is no noticeable correlation of body composition with dietary self-efficacy. However, it is obvious that each category of body composition had a significant positive correlation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that students who were inclined to overeat had higher body protein, body minerals, body fat, and BMI. Students performed intense physical activities had high body protein, body minerals, and dietary self-efficacy, whereas they had low body fat. Each entry between the body composition had a significant positive correlation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2011

We investigated diet supplementation with shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies on biochemical and histological changes in hypercholesterolemic rats. Six-wk old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. A diet containing 5% Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies given to hypercholesterolemic rats reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total lipid, phospholipids, and the LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio by 34.33, 53.21, 75.00, 34.66, 25.73, and 71.43%, respectively. Feeding mushroom also significantly reduced body weight in hypercholesterolemic rats. However, it had no detrimental effects on plasma albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, glucose, total protein, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, or enzyme profiles. Feeding mushroom increased total lipid and cholesterol excretion in feces. The plasma lipoprotein fraction, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, indicated that L. edodes significantly reduced plasma ${\beta}$ and pre-${\beta}$-lipoprotein but increased ${\alpha}$-lipoprotein. A histological study of hepatic cells by conventional hematoxylin-eosin and oil red-O staining showed normal findings for mushroom-fed hypercholesterolemic rats. These results suggest that shiitake mushrooms could be recommended as a natural cholesterol lowering substance in the diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1063-1068
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of feeding rate on the growth performance and blood components of sub-adult olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Optimum feeding rate (initial fish mean weight : $370{\pm}5.72g$) was determined under the low water temperature. Two replicated groups of fish were fed a commercial diet at rates of 0%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6% body weight (BW) per day, and to satiation (0.75%). Feeding trial was conducted under a flow-through system with 12 1.2-metric ton aquaria receiving filtered seawater at $12-14^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed at 0.6% BW per day was significantly higher than that of unfed fish (0%) and fish fed at 0.3% and 0.4% BW per day. There were no significant differences in WG and SGR among fish fed at 0.5%, 0.6%, and 0.75%. These parameters were negative and significantly lower in the starved fish than in fish fed the experimental diet at all feeding rates. Survival for unfed fish (0%) was significantly lower than that of fish fed at 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.6%. Hematocrit and hemoglobin content of fish fed at 0% and 0.75% (satiation) were significantly lower than that of fish fed at 0.4% BW per day. Total protein content in unfed fish was significantly lower than those in other treatments. Broken-line regression analysis of weight gain showed that the optimum feeding rate of olive flounder weighing 370 g was 0.51% BW per day at the low water temperature.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average body weight of $30.96{\pm}3.068kg$ were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

이탈리안 라이그라스로부터 갈변을 방지시켜 white LP를 제조하여 4주령의 Wistar 계 수컷 흰쥐에 14일 급여, 혈청지질농도 및 혈중 유리 아미노산 패턴에 대하여 단백질원으로 대두단백질 및 카제인 급여와 비교하였으며 혈중 유리 아미노산이 혈청 지질농도에 대하여 어떠한 관련이 있는지를 검토하였다. 갈변을 방지하여 조제한 LP 의 질소 함량 및 소화율이 거의 대두단백질 수준까지 높여 단백질의 품질에 대한 영향을 확인하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤은 카제인군에 비하여 이탈리안 라이그라스 white LP 군이 유의적으로 낮고, 대두 단백질군과 같은 수준이었다. 이때 혈중유리아미노산을 비교한 결과, LP 군과 대두단백질군과는 거의 닮은 패턴을 나타내고 카제인군에 대해서는 glycine 만 높고 다른 아미노산은 차가 없든지 유의적으로 낮았다. 그리고, 카제인 수준을 15.0% 로 낮추어 대두 단백질과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도는 카제인군이 유의적으로 높고 혈중 glycine 농도가 낮고, methionine 농도의 높은 폐턴은 일치하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 혈중 유리아미노산 패턴은 급여 단백질의 종류에 의해 어느정도 규제되어지며 아미노산 패턴은 혈청지질과 어떠한 관련이 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 더욱이, LP 와 대두단백질의 혈중 유리 아미노산 패턴은 매우 유사한 것이 관찰되어 LP 의 혈청 콜레스테롤 강하작용의 메카니즘은 대두 단백질의 메카니즘과 유사한 것으로 생각되어진다.