• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to develop and test a home-based discharge program. Methods: The study design was a pretest-posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. Participants were mothers of premature infants on oxygen therapy at home. The participants, 49 mothers, were assigned to either the experimental group (24) or control group (25). Data collection was conducted from September, 2008 through February, 2009. Maternal confidence and anxiety were measured using a questionnaire. Chi-square test, t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analysis the data. Results: Two hypotheses, "Maternal confidence in the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group" and "Perceived anxiety level in the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group", were set up and both hypotheses were supported as there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It suggests that the discharge program developed in this study is an efficient intervention method to boost maternal confidence of the mothers with premature infants and to decrease their anxiety; therefore, this program is expected to be of use in nursing interventions.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 1993

A novel control method with automatic tuning of PID controller parameters has been developed for efficient regulation of dissolved oxygen concentration in fed-batch fermentations of Escherichia coli. Agitation speed and oxygen partial pressure in the inlet gas stream were chosen to be the manipulated variables. A heuristic reasoning allowed improved tuning decisions from the supervision of control performance indices and it coule obviate the needs for process assumptions or disturbance patterns. The control input consisted of feedback and feedforword parts. The feedback part was determined by PID control and the feedforward part is determined from the feed rate. The proportional gain was updated on-line by a set of heuristics rules based on the supervision of three performance indices. These indices were output error covariance, the average value of output error, and input covariance, which were calculated on-line using a moving window. The integral and derivative time constants were determined from the period of output response. The specific growth rate was maintained at a low level to avoid acetic acid accumulation and thus to achieve a high cell density. The specific growthe rate was estimated from the carbon dioxide evolution rate. In fed-batch fermentation, the simutaneous control of dissolved oxygen concentration (at 0.2; fraction of saturated value) and specific growth rate (at 0.25$hr^{-1}$) was satisfactory for the entire culture period in spite of the changes in the feed rate and the switching of control input.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2000

This paper introduces an effective system design method to develop a customer oriented product using a design optimization process and to select a set of critical design paramenters,. The process results in the development of a successful product satisfying customer needs and reducing development risk. The proposed scheme adopted a five step QFD(Quality Function Deployment) in order to extract design parameters from customer needs and evaluated their priority using risk factors for extracted design parameters. In this process we determine critical design parameters and allocate them to subsystem designers. Subsequently design engineers develop and test the product based on these parameters. These design parameters capture the characteristics of customer needs in terms of performance cost and schedule in the process of QFD, The subsequent risk management task ensures the minimum risk approach in the presence of design parameter uncertainty. An application of this approach was demonstrated in the development of weld quality monitoring system. Dominant design parameters affect linearity characteristics of weld defect feature vectors. Therefore it simplifies the algorithm for adopting pattern classification of feature vectors and improves the accuracy of recognition rate of weld defect and the real time response of the defect detection in the performance. Additionally the development cost decreases by using DSP board for low speed because of reducing CPU's load adopting algorithm in classifying weld defects. It also reduces the cost by using the single sensor to measure weld defects. Furthermore the synergy effect derived from the critical design parameters improves the detection rate of weld defects by 15% when compared with the implementation using the non-critical design parameters. It also result in 30% saving in development cost./ The overall results are close to 95% customer level showing the effectiveness of the proposed development approach.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

This paper attempts to establish a scoring system for the originality in evaluation of mathematical creativity. The scoring system is composed of three categories; fluency, flexibility and originality. In this paper, we proposed an evaluation method for originality as following based on relative frequency and standard normal distribution. (1) Fluency: It is judged on the basis of the number of correct answers a student made. If several correct answers are given for a single category, then its maximum score is set to 5 points. (2) Flexibility: We examined how many categories the students' responses can be classified into. If at most 15 answers are allowed for each question, the maximum score of flexibility is 15 points. (3) Originality: Originality score is given if a student made some original response that other students did not show. That is, it reflects relative rarity. The originality is measured according to the following steps: Step 1: Analyze the frequency of how many students made an answer to the response type categorized at low level, and calculate the relative frequency p of each category. Step 2: Find the originality point os for each response, that is, os = max{0,z} where z satisfies P(Z > z) = p with standard normal distributed random variable Z. For example, - p is greater than 0.5: 0 point - p is 0.1587: 1 point - p is 0.0228: 2 points - p is 0.0013: 3 points Step 3: Assign the one's originality score to the sum of originality point for each response. Remark. There is no upper limit of originality score.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1701-1707
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• 2010

This study is intended for implementing the system environment that can help integrate and retrieve various types of data in real-time by providing semantic interoperability among distributed heterogeneous information systems. The semantic interoperability is made possible by providing a TMDR(Topicmaps Metadata Registry), a set of ontologies. TMDR, which has been made by combining MDR(MetaData Registry) and TopicMaps and storing them in the database, is able to generate distributed query and provide efficient knowledge. MDR is a metadata management technique for distributed data management. TopicMaps is an ontology representation technique that takes into consideration the hierarchy and association for accessing knowledge data. We have created TMDR, a kind of ontology, that is fit for any system and able to detect and resolve semantic conflicts on the level of data and schema. With this system we propose a query-processing technique to integrate and access heterogeneous information sources. Unlike existing retrieval methods this makes possible efficient retrieval and reasoning by providing association focusing on subjects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate reduction in stroke symptoms by analyzing the changes in respiratory function and activities of daily living (ADL) after respiratory muscle strengthening exercise in patients who had a stroke and thereby, propose an efficient exercise method. Methods: Twenty patients with hemiplegic stroke were divided into two groups, with 10 patients in each. The control group (CG) received the traditional exercise therapy, and the experimental group (EG) received the traditional exercise therapy combined with expiratory muscle strengthening training. The training continued for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) were measured with a spirometer, $SpO_2$ was measured with a pulse oximeter, and ADL were assessed by using the modified Barthel index (MBI). A paired t test was applied to compare the differences before and after the intervention, and an independent t test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set as ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The changes in the FVC and FEV1 values within the group showed significant differences only in the EG (p<0.01). The between-group difference was statistically significant only for FVC and FEV1 in the EG (p<0.01). The changes in $SpO_2$ and MBI within the group showed significant differences only in the EG and CG (p<0.01). Between-group differences were statistically significant only for $SpO_2$ and MBI in the EG (p<0.05). Conclusion: The interventions with active patient involvement and combined breathing exercises had a positive impact on all the functions investigated in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.466-471
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• 2014

The interior vehicle noise due to the exterior aerodynamic field is an important topic in the acoustic design of a car. The air flow detached from the A-pillar and impacting the side windows are of particular interest as they are located close to the driver / passenger and provides a lower insulation index than the trimmed car body parts. This paper presents a numerical analysis method for a simplified vehicle model. The internal air cavity including trim component are included in the simulation. The car body includes the windshield and two side windows. The body is made of aluminum and trimmed with porous layers. The methodology proposed in this paper relies on two steps: the first step involves the computation of the exterior flow and turbulence induced non-linear acoustic field using PowerFlow. The second step consists in the computation of the vibro-acoustic transmission through the window using the finite element vibro-acoustic solver Actran. Additionally in order to validate the numerical process, an experimental set-up has been created based on the simplified vehicle. The vibration of the windshield and windows, the total wind noise level results and the relative contributions of the different windows are then presented and compared to measurements. The influence of the flow yaw angle (different wind orientation) is also assessed.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

The eminent brother doctors Cho-Gaek Hur (Young Hur) and Cho-Sam Hur (Eon Hur) represent the medical tradition of the southeastern region of Mt. Jirisan incluiding Sancheong. This study investigated and examined their herediatary testimonies and medico-historical facts described in the literature tale, genealogy and family collection of works. At an early age after their family run away to the southern region from the harm of political struggle, they gave up taking the highest-level state examination to recruit ranking officials and set their heart on learning medicine. Their choice of medicine was the second best plan for the survival of their family and descendents from the influence of their ancestors who suffered from the party strife during the late Joseon Dynasty. The case is a good example of the deliberate action of the nobility intellectuals since the late Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties to who made attempts to have the minimum elegance and cause while securing livelihood after they have been collapsed politically. The tale of Cho-Gaek and Cho-Sam is a typical story of eminent doctors which combined reality and fiction about the persons who had outstanding medical skills. In the tale, the elder brother was good at herbal prescriptions and the younger brother was good at acupuncture, contrasting the treatment of administrative internal medicine and insertive acupuncture treatment. It shows that the prepositions for the choice of the treatment method for the public during that period were safety and fast efficacy. In their old age, they wrote a book titled Jinyangsinbang. Another Jinwoosinbang is estimated as a different kind of copy, which was a medical writing from experience that derived from the same original book as Jinyangsinbang. written by Cho-Gaek Hur and it is a valuable medical material that possesses the distinct features of the local medicine during the late Joseon Dynasty. Most of the contents are variations in application using the basis of Dongeuibogam, forming the roots of the traditional Korean medicine in Sancheong region together with the medical activities of the Hur brothers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.747-762
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• 2019

Based on the ball-screw mechanism, a tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) has been proposed, which has functions of amplifying physical mass of the system and frequency tuning. Considering the sensitivity of a single TVMD's effectiveness to frequency mistuning like that of the conventional tuned mass damper (TMD) and according to the concept of the conventional multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD), in the present paper, multiple tuned mass viscous dampers (MTVMD) consisting of many tuned mass dampers (TVMD) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies are considered for attenuating undesirable vibration of a structure. The MTVMD is manufactured by keeping the stiffness and damping constant and varying the mass associated with the lead of the ball-screw type inerter element in the damper. The structure is represented by its mode-generalized system in a specific vibration mode controlled using the mode reduced-order method. Modal properties and fundamental characteristics of the MTVMD-structure system are investigated analytically with the parameters, i.e., the frequency band, the average damping ratio, the tuning frequency ratio, the total number of TVMD and the total mass ratio. It is found that there exists an optimum set of the parameters that makes the frequency response curve of the structure flattened with smaller amplitudes in a wider input frequency range. The effectiveness and robustness of the MTVMD are also discussed in comparison with those of the usual single TVMD (STVMD) and the results shows that the MTVMD is more effective and robust with the same level of total mass.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12B
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• pp.1677-1685
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a call admission control scheme that can be performed within guaranteeing of required QoS(Quality of Services) in DS-CDMA(Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access) reverse link. It has been performed rely on a physical channel numberonly and based on quality of received signal from MODEM(modulator/demodulator) part in established study. In other methods, the standard for services would have been set from statistical analysis of users\` location and using received power level in BTS(Base Transceiver Station). These ways bring about not only system loads but time delay or great differences from real environment. To solve these problems, we propose a call drop rate estimation algorithm for the purpose of call admission control based on measured value at LNA(Low Noise Amplifier) ports of BTS(Base Transceiver Station) in real time. This method proposed in this paper estimates a quality of offered service in real time, reduce system loads and shorten time delay which is needed to determine the standard for call admission control. But it requires a additional 17W complexity which can measure received signal power in BTS and estimate call drop rate.