• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Ureung Gunreung. The results are as follows: First. In the area of Ureung Gunreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a new town development site and industrial districts, cultural assets districts, They have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second The traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted In the traditional forest We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, The traditional buildings and facilities such as Jaesil, Subokbang have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Gimpo Jangreung. The results are as follows: First, in the area of Gimpo Jangreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a military camp and industrial districts, Public Cemetery, they have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second, the traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted in the traditional forest. We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, the traditional buildings and facilities such as Hongsal-gate, Jaesil, Suragan, Subokbang and Uhjwong have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

The future energy consumption pattern will show a very different pattern from the present due to the increase of distributed power sources such as renewable energy and the birth of the concept of prosumers, etc. Accordingly, it can be predicted that the direction of establishment of an appropriate production and supply plan considering the stability and consumption efficiency of the entire power grid will also be different from now. This paper proposes a simulation model that can test a new operational strategy when faced with a number of possible future environments. Through the proposed model, it is possible to simulate and analyze power consumed and supplied in a future Smart Grid environment, in which a large amount of new concepts including energy storage service (ESS) and distributed energy resources (DER) will be added. In particular, it is possible to model complex systems structurally by using DEVS formalism among the ABM (Agent-Based Model) methodologies that can model decision-making for each agent existing in the grid, and several factors can be easily added to the grid. The simulation model was verified using given dataset in the current situation, and scenario analysis was performed by simply adding an ESS, one of the main elements of the smart grid, to the model.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.336-340
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• 2015

Three different types of polycarbonate (PC)/graphene oxide (GO) composites using diphenyl carbonate as a monomer were fabricated by melt polymerization. Those were the PC/GO composite (PC/GO) using a twin extruder, in-situ PC/GO composite (PC/GO-cat.) using a catalyst, and in-situ PC/GO composite (PC/GO-COCl) using a GO-COCl treated by -COCl, Chemical structures of the composites were confirmed by C-H and C=O stretching peak at $3000cm^{-1}$ and $1750cm^{-1}$, respectively. The slope for the storage (G') versus loss (G") modulus plot decreased with an increase in the heterogeneous property of polymer melts. So we can check the GO dispersion of the PC/GO composites using by the slop for G'-G" plot. According to the G'- G" slopes for three different types of PC/GO composites, GO was well dispersed within PC matrix in case of PC/GO and PC/GO-cat.. It was also confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM) photos. One of the reasons for the poor GO dispersion of PC/GO-COCl is branching and crosslinking processes occurred during polymerization, which was further confirmed by a plot for the complex modulus versus phase difference.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 1999

Background : We are in the edge of some human made disasters such as hazardous materials and air pollution, for example, the world news reported that the city of Bhopal, India had serious victims related with a leaking out of the chemical materials, Methyl Isocyanate and many people in India were killed by. These situations many people who live in this world are world are worrying about are not others, but just ours and people consider about that kind of the disasters are the possible situation to happen to all the people. Therefore, we performed this basic study to recognize the risk of Methyl Isocyanate leak accident and to prepare local disaster plan with EMS system. Method : Trace 8.0, a simulation software made by the U.S. company Safer System was used as a tool to estimate the diffusion distance, area and its victims at the concentrations of 0.02ppm, 0.2ppm 5ppm respectively for an assumed B-city of 2 hundred thousands population count in which was presumed 500kg Methyl Isocyanate gas to leak out. Results : 1. During 1 hour, maximum diffusion distances of 0.02ppm 0.2ppm and 5ppm were 5.41km, 1.61km and 0.29km respectively on the plume impact. 2. Maximum population counts influenced by Methyl Isocyanate gas at the concentrations of 0.02ppm 0.2ppm and 5ppm were 40838, 4346 and 222 on the plume impact, while those were 138238, 17261 and 1588 on the vulnerability impact, respectively. 3. Therefore, 17261 persons must put on respiratory device and 138283 persons must be evacuated to safety place within 1 hour. Conclusions : Only small amount leak of Methyl Isocyanate may cause tremendous chemical disaster in urban area, so its disaster plan must be prepared with an accident simulation program and Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS). Especially, nearby emergency center of an industrial complex must have a strong position about preparation of chemical disaster plan and perform a disaster dill of hazardous material accident annually.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.251-251
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• 2016

For several decades, industrial processes consume a huge amount of raw water for various objects that consequently results in the generation of large amounts of wastewater. Wastewaters are consisting of complex mixture of different inorganic and organic compounds and some of them can be toxic, hazardous and hard to degrade. These effluents are mainly treated by conventional technologies such are aerobic and anaerobic treatment and chemical coagulation. But, these processes are not suitable for eliminating all hazardous chemical compounds form wastewater and generate a large amount of toxic sludge. Therefore, other processes have been studied and applied together with these techniques to enhance purification results. These include photocatalysis, absorption, advanced oxidation processes, and ozonation, but also have their own drawbacks. In recent years, electrochemical techniques have received attention as wastewater treatment process that could be show higher purification results. Among them, boron doped diamond (BDD) attract attention as electrochemical electrode due to good chemical and electrochemical stability, long lifetime and wide potential window that necessary properties for anode electrode. So, there are many researches about high quality BDD on Nb, Ta, W and Si substrates, but, their application in effluents treatment is not suitable due to high cost of metal and low conductivity of Si. To solve these problems, Ti has been candidate as substrate in consideration of cost and property. But there are adhesion issues that must be overcome to apply Ti as BDD substrate. Al, Cu, Ti and Nb thin films were deposited on Ti substrate to improve adhesion between substrate and BDD thin film. In this paper, BDD films were deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) method. Prior to deposition, cleaning processes were conducted in acetone, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using sonification machine for 7 min, respectively. And metal layer with the thickness of 200 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS). To analyze microstructure X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker gads) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi) were used. It is confirmed that metal layer was effective to adhesion property and improved electrode property. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in a three electrode electrochemical cell containing a 0.5 % H2SO4 in deionized water. As a result, it is confirmed that metal inter layer heavily effect on BDD property by improving adhesion property due to suppressing formation of titanium carbide.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

In this paper, dispersion scenarios concerning various meteorological conditions and real urban structures were made to estimate the impacts of hazardous substance leakage accidents and to reduce damages. Based on the scenario of the hazardous substance dispersion, the characteristics of the risk in the pedestrian environment were analyzed in Gangnam, Seoul. The scenarios are composed of 48 cases according to the meteorological conditions of wind direction and wind speed. In order to analyze the dispersion characteristics of the hazardous substances, simulations were conducted using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model with hydrogen fluoride releases. The validation for the simulated wind was conducted at a specific period, and all the calculated verification indices were within the valid range. As a result of simulated dispersion field at pedestrian level, it was found that the dispersion pattern was influenced by the flow, which was affected by the artificial obstacles. Also, in the case of the weakest wind speed of the inflow, the dispersion of the hazardous substance appeared in the direction of the windward side at the pedestrian level due to the reverse flow occurred at lower layers. Through this study, it can be seen that the artificial structures forming the city have a major impact on the flow formed in urban areas. The proposed approach can be used to simulate the dispersion of the hazardous substances and to assess the risk to pedestrians in the industrial complexes dealing with actual hazardous substances in the future.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 2018

It is common to analyze volatile organic compound (VOC) or semi-VOC (SVOC) in a sample composed of a complex matrix consisting of multiple components such as bloods through a separation process. Adsorption is a physical phenomenon in which certain components accumulate on the surface of other phases. In order to overcome difficulties in the pretreatment process, an adsorption is frequently used. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) equipment with porous carbon carboxen (CAR) is an example of adsorption application. In this study, the adsorption of 4-octylphenol to carboxen was examined. To do so, the extraction efficiency for such solvents as dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$, DCM), ethylacetate ($CH_3COOC_2H_5$, EA) and diethylether ($C_2H_5OC_2H_5$, $Et_2O$) was studied and also the derivatization reaction for 4-octylphenol with reagents of bistrimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), methylchloroformate (MCF) and pentafluorobenzylbromide (PFBBr) was compared. The combination of DCM and BSTFA showed good performance thus they were adopted for this study. Thermodynamic adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and Freundlich isotherm equation was more suitable than Langmuir isotherm. It was also found that the adsorption followed a pseudo-$2^{nd}$ order kinetic model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.627-635
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• 2016

Recently, several construction projects have been built to create residential area, industrial complex and agricultural land on reclaimed on- and offshore regions. Estimating the quantity of filling materials during reclamation is the most curcial factor of the total construction cost of reclamation project. However, the estimation of loss ratio, defined as the ratio of loss amount to overall dumped amount, mostly depends on the empirical methods and formulae based on the material characteristics due to the lack of sufficient literature about the loss ratio according to hydraulic conditions. In this studies the loss ratio of materials considering flow conditions and material characteristics were examined through hydraulic experiments. A series of hydraulic experiments was conducted using five different hydraulic conditions and two types of materials such as sand and anthracite in a horizontal rectangular flume ($13.0m{\times}5.0m{\times}0.10m$), in which a round type revetment was installed. It is found that the loss ratio generally tends to increase with increasing the particle Froude number regardless of the types of materials. Also, when the flow velocity(u) becomes higher than the critical flow velocity ($u_c$), the loss ratios of sand and anthracite are dramtically increased up to 7.4% and 24.4%, respectively. As a future work, more specific mean velocities will be considered to figure out the loss ratio and more accurate estimation of amount of filling materials will be possible to present with confidence.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

Surface modification is a technology to form a new surface layer and overcome the intrinsic properties of the base material by applying thermal energy or stress onto the surface of the material. The purpose of this technique is to achieve anti-corrosion, beautiful appearance, wear resistance, insulation and conductance for base materials. Surface modification techniques may include plating, chemical conversion treatment, painting, lining and surface hardening. Among which, a surface modification process using electrolytes has been investigated for a long time in connection with research on its industrial application. The technology is highly favoured by various fields because it provides not only high productivity and cost reduction opportunities, but also application availability for components with complex geometry. In this study, an electrochemical experiment was performed on the surface of 5083-O Al alloy to determine an optimal electrolyte temperature, which produces surface with excellent corrosion resistance under marine environment than the initial surface. The experiment result, the modified surface presented a significantly lower corrosion current density with increasing electrolyte temperature, except for $5^{\circ}C$ of electrolyte temperature at which premature pores was created.