• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.423-437
• /
• 2023

Background: Radiofrequency has seen an increase in use in orthopedics including cartilage lesion debridement in the hip and knee as well as many applications in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the safety and usage of radiofrequency in the shoulder. Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (international registry) and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Embase and PubMed were searched using: "shoulder," "rotator cuff," "biceps," "acromion" AND "monopolar," "bipolar," "ablation," "coblation," and "radiofrequency ablation." The title and abstract review were performed independently. Any discrepancies were addressed through open discussion. Results: A total of 63 studies were included. Radiofrequency is currently utilized in impingement syndrome, fracture fixation, instability, nerve injury, adhesive capsulitis, postoperative stiffness, and rotator cuff disease. Adverse events, namely superficial burns, are limited to case reports and case series, with higher-level evidence demonstrating safe use when used below the temperature threshold. Bipolar radiofrequency may decrease operative time and decrease the cost per case. Conclusions: Shoulder radiofrequency has a wide scope of application in various shoulder pathologies. Shoulder radiofrequency is safe; however, requires practitioners to be cognizant of the potential for thermal burn injuries. Bipolar radiofrequency may represent a more efficacious and economic treatment modality. Safety precautions have been executed by institutions to cut down patient complications from shoulder radiofrequency. Future research is required to determine what measures can be taken to further minimize the risk of thermal burns.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 2015

The ventilation systems composed three types of side vent (roll-up) 'SV', side vent+roof vent 'SV+RV', and side vent+roof fan 'SV+RF' with 7.5 m spacing, with specific set point temperatures for ventilation: SV ($35^{\circ}C$ open / $33^{\circ}C$ close), SV+RV or SV+RH ($35^{\circ}C$ open/$33^{\circ}C$ close for root ventilation and $37^{\circ}C$ open / $35^{\circ}C$ close for side vent). In the treatment of SV+RV, although the average daily maximum temperature inside the greenhouse temporarily increased by $38-40^{\circ}C$, thermal stress by high temperature did not occur and the disease incidence (%) of powdery mildew and downy mildew on the oriental melon were 25 - 75% lower than in the conventional SV treatment. In the SV treatment, the disease incidence (%) of powdery mildew and downy mildew were 1.4 - 7.7% and 4.2 - 15.9% for 'Deabakkul', and 20.3 - 22.8% and 2.8 - 11.3%, for 'Ildeungkkul'. The yield for one month was higher in the treatment of SV+RV than those in other treatments, with values of 2,105 kg/10a for 'Deabakkul' and 2,537 kg/10a for 'Ildeungkkul'. The simultaneous treatment with side vent and roof vent resulted in 16.2% higher yield (18.1% higher marketable yield) than that in the SV treatment for 'Deabakkul'.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• v.33 no.44
• /
• pp.279.1-279.16
• /
• 2018

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a new emerging neurosurgical procedure applied in a wide range of clinical fields. It can generate high-intensity energy at the focal zone in deep body areas without requiring incision of soft tissues. Although the effectiveness of the focused ultrasound technique had not been recognized because of the skull being a main barrier in the transmission of acoustic energy, the development of hemispheric distribution of ultrasound transducer phased arrays has solved this issue and enabled the performance of true transcranial procedures. Advanced imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance thermometry could enhance the safety of MRgFUS. The current clinical applications of MRgFUS in neurosurgery involve stereotactic ablative treatments for patients with essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, or neuropathic pain. Other potential treatment candidates being examined in ongoing clinical trials include brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, based on MRgFUS abilities of thermal ablation and opening the blood-brain barrier. With the development of ultrasound technology to overcome the limitations, MRgFUS is gradually expanding the therapeutic field for intractable neurological disorders and serving as a trail for a promising future in noninvasive and safe neurosurgical care.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.359-362
• /
• 1995

The highly polymorphic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci in the human genome are informative markers for the genetic characterization of individuals in the paternity test and forensic science as well as for the study of human disease. In this study, VNTR loci D1S80 and D2S123 have been amplified by PCR and the amplified length polymorphic alleles were detected with a discontinuous vertical PAGE system and silver staining. For explicit DNA typing, PCR optimization, in which amplification efficiencies are similar over a wide range of allele sizes, non-specific amplifications are minimal, and new longer alleles have high amplification efficiency, has been performed by changing the PCR reaction buffer composition and thermal cycling conditions. It turned out that adding an appropriate amount of Tween 20 and NP40 to the PCR reaction buffer and raising the annealing temperature to $68^{\circ}C$ in thermal cycling made it possible for optimal VNTR loci amplification. A modified PAGE system for VNTR separation was established. Under these conditions, new longer alleles in the 01580 locus were discovered and 025123 pattern changes in colorectal tumors were observed. These technical tips are valuable for detecting various amplified fragment length polymorphisms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.1188-1192
• /
• 2009

Facail nerve palsy is a common disease in the face. This disease is treated by many methods. But it is not treated by Facial Acupunture. Therefore we performed to evaluate the effect of Facial Acupuncture with oriental dedical treatment in facail nerve palsy. This clinical study was carried out 2 caese of facail nerve palsy which had been admitted our hospital. In this study the patients were treated by Facail Acupuncture. Other treatment were herbal medication, regabilitative therapy. H-B scale(House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system) and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging were measured from admission to discharge. After being treated by our methods, Patients' H-B scale and Inequality of Facial DITI were improved in cases compared to existing. In the study, The treatment of facial nerve palsy using Facial acupuncture was more effective, especially H-B scale, Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging and treatment period, compared to existing.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 1982

In cultivating the mushroom, there are important several mushroom diseases including Mildew disease, Didymocladium ternatum. Studies on some factors affecting growth of D. ternatum and its chemical control were carried out. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of D. ternatum was $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C,$ lower than that of Agaricus bisporus. Infection was very severe when it was infected between at casing and at the end of the first flush. Mycelial thermal death occurred at $50^{\circ}C$ when it was treated for more than 20 minutes. For spore, $50^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and $60^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes were required respectively as a thermal death point. Benlate, Homai and Dithane M-45 were selected as effective chemicals for controlling this disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 1987

This study was investigated and analyzed the side of phenomenological of the chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon on the leaf burning-disease of the Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaf. Red light (660-700 nm) was confirmed as one which induced the bleaching phenomenon and blue light (400-500 nm) did not at all. Temperature as 1 environmental factor had not any influence on chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon at all. Therefore, simple burning (thermal damage) hypothesis was perfectly ruled out by the result of this study. And, low pH accelerated chlorophyll bleaching velocity. A primary factor of chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon may be peculiar structural difference of the Ginseng leaf compared with other plant.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to construct fundamental information for the usefulness and effects of thermography in Thoroughbred horses. total 10 horses were examined to determine a normal thermal pattern before and after sedation in lower limbs and ophthalmic area, and to investigate the effects of thermography during 42 days after induced wound and arthritis. In normal horses, the range of temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) of symmetry site in lower limbs was 0.20 to $0.68^{\circ}C$ on pre-sedation, which was simillar to that of post sedation, 0.17 to $0.74^{\circ}C$, and eyeball area was 0.34 to $0.68^{\circ}C$. Thermographically, the warmest area in normal limbs were coronary band of frontal view and the region between heel bulbs of back view. And temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) after clipping in left forelimb was increased 1 to $3^{\circ}C$ more than before clipping. However, there was no significant change of the temperature difference and degree of clinical signs by the process of inflammation healing during the experiment period in the all groups. These results suggest that the thermography was especially helpful in following clinical course of a disease because the thermal pattern will return to normal with declining clinical signs and healing of the lesion.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2021

As the aging ages, the disease also increases, and the development of AI technology and X-ray equipment used to treat patients' diseases is also progressing a lot. X-ray tube converts only 1% of electron energy into X-ray and 99% into thermal energy. Therefore, when the cooling time of the anode and the X-ray tube are frequently used in large hospitals, the amount of X-ray emission increases due to temperature rise, the image quality deteriorates due to the difference in X-ray dose, and the lifespan of the overheated X-ray tube may be shortened. Therefore, in this study, temperature rise and cooling time of 60kW, 75kW, and 90kW of X-ray tube anode input power were studied. In the X-ray Tube One shot 0.1s, the section where the temperature rises fastest is 0.03s from 0s, and it is judged that the temperature has risen by more than 50%. The section in which the temperature drop changes most rapidly at 20 seconds of cooling time for the X-ray tube is 0.1 seconds to 0.2 seconds, and it is judged that a high temperature drop of about 65% or more has occurred. After 20 seconds of cooling time from 0 seconds to 0.1 seconds of the X-ray tube, the temperature is expected to rise by more than 3.7% from the beginning. In particular, since 90kW can be damaged by thermal shock at high temperatures, it is necessary to increase the surface area of the anode or to require an efficient cooling system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.215-231
• /
• 2021

Brown leaf spot disease caused by Nigrospora guilinensis on Phellodendron chinense occurs in a large area in Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China each year. This outbreak has severely reduced the production of Chinese medicinal plants P. chinense and caused substantial economic losses. The bacterial isolate JKB05 was isolated from the healthy leaves of P. chinense, exhibited antagonistic effects against N. guilinensis and was identified as Bacillus megaterium. The following fermentation medium and conditions improved the inhibitory effect of B. megaterium JKB05 on N. guilinensis: 2% glucose, 0.1% soybean powder, 0.1% KCl, and 0.05% MgSO₄; initial concentration 6 × 10⁶ cfu/ml, and a 42-h optimal fermentation time. A composite of 0.1% nano-SiO₂ JKB05 improved the thermal stability, acid-base stability and ultraviolet resistance by 16%, 12%, and 38.9%, respectively, and nano-SiO₂ was added to the fermentation process. The best formula for the wettable powder was 35% kaolin, 4% polyethylene glycol, 8% Tween, and 2% humic acid. The following quality test results for the wettable powder were obtained: wetting time 87.0 s, suspension rate 80.33%, frequency of microbial contamination 0.08%, pH 7.2, fineness 95.8%, drying loss 1.47%, and storage stability ≥83.5%. A pot experiment revealed that the ability of JKB05 to prevent fungal infections on P. chinense increased considerably and achieved levels of control as high as 94%. The use of nanomaterials significantly improved the ability of biocontrol bacteria to control this disease.