• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1304-1309
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• 2004

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers on a catalytic metal substrate, using an ethylene fueled inverse diffusion flame, was investigated. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, with diameters of 20 - 60nm, were formed on the substrate coated with nickel-nitrate in the region of 5 - 6mm from the flame center along the radial direction. The gas temperature for this region was ranging from about 1400 to 900K. Nickel particles originated from the coated nickel-nitrate on the substrate were the major catalyst for the formation of the nanomaterials. HR-TEM and Raman spectrum revealed that synthesized carbon nanotubes had multi-walled structures with some defective graphite layers at walls.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.2785-2796
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• 2023

How to generate the precise broad group cross section is important for the fast reactor design. In this study, a fast reactor multi-group cross-section generation code MGGC2.0 are developed in-house for processing ultrafine group MATXS format library. Validation and verification are performed for MGGC2.0 code by applying the benchmarks of ICSBEP handbook, and the results of MGGC2.0 agree well with that of MCNP. The consistent P_N method with critical buckling search is in good agreement that condensed with TWODANT flux and flux moment for the inner core and outer core region. For the radial blanket and reflector, two region approximation method has been applied in MGGC2.0 by using collision Probability Method neutron flux solver. The RBEC-M benchmark was used to verify the power distribution calculation, and the relative error of power distribution comparison with the reference are less than 0.8% in the fuel region and the maximum relative error is 5.58% in the reflector region. Therefore, the precise broad cross section can be generated by MGGC2.0 for fast reactor.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 1999

The Cross rolling between flat jaws, as a kind of hot forging, is the forming method to make the axisymmetric multi-step shaft by its rotation and pressure between flat jaws which move in opposite direction. The purpose of this study is to propose the optimal geometric data for shape development of the forward forming region. All data described on this paper are quantified by experiment from initial shape design to final shape development. As the result, proper geometric data are proved that lenth of the first forming area in the forward forming region is 1.5 times larger than circumference of work-piece and the progress angle changes 3 times smoothly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2018

The one of the principles described in ICH E9 is that only results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in a protocol are regarded as confirmatory evidence. However, in multi-regional clinical trials, even when results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in protocol are significant, it does not guarantee that the test treatment is approved by regional regulatory agencies. In other words, there is no so-called global approval, and each regional regulatory agency makes its own decision in the face of the same set of data from a multi-regional clinical trial. Under this situation, there are two natural methods a regional regulatory agency can use to estimate the treatment effect in a particular region. The first method is to use the overall treatment estimate, which is to extrapolate the overall result to the region of interest. The second method is to use regional treatment estimate. If the treatment effect is completely identical across all regions, it is obvious that the overall treatment estimator is more efficient than the regional treatment estimator. However, it is not possible to confirm statistically that the treatment effect is completely identical in all regions. Furthermore, some magnitude of regional differences within the range of clinical relevance may naturally exist for various reasons due to, for instance, intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Nevertheless, if the magnitude of regional differences is relatively small, a conventional method to estimate the treatment effect in the region of interest is to extrapolate the overall result to that region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects produced by this type of extrapolation via estimations, followed by hypothesis testing of the treatment effect in the region of interest. This paper is written from the viewpoint of regional regulatory agencies.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.97-103
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• 2002

Vibration isolation technology using an air spring and laminated rubber bearing is widely used because it has excellent vibration isolation characteristics. In the part of that, we usually make use of the self-damped air suing. It is occupied two chambers, restrictor, diaphragm and load plate. Two chambers contain compressed air and the volume of chambers and the area of load plate give a definition of stiffness and load. The restrictor and the volume ratio of two chambers give a definition of damping ratio. The conventional model of restrictor is made of one orifice and it causes turbulent flow in the orifice at the region of large deflection. The stillness of air suing is larger and the damping is lower in the region of large deflection. In the multi-orifice case, the stiffness is similar to air spring with one orifice but damping ratio is larger than conventional air spring. And damping ratio is smaller than conventional air suing in small deflection region. Deflection is small in the region of high frequency so small damping is better than large damping. As a result, we can reduce the storage stiffness of air suing in the wide region of deflection and increase the damping ratio in the region of large deflection. After this, we will try to and the relation of Reynolds Number and Flow Resistance then we are going to make another restrictor for air spring to improve damping ratio and stiffness.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.509-525
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 다차원 데이타의 유사도 검색을 효율적으로 지원하기 위한 벡터 근사 기반의 색인 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 색인 구조는 공간 분할 방식으로 영역을 분할하고 실제 데이타들이 존재하는 영역에 대해 동적 비트를 할당하여 영역을 표현한다. 따라서, 분할된 영역들 사이에 겹침이 발생하지 않으며 하나의 중간 노드에 많은 영역 정보를 저장할 수 있어 트리의 깊이를 감소시킨다. 또한, 특정 영역에 군집화되어 있는 데이타에 대해서 효과적인 표현 기법을 제공하며 자식 노드의 영역 정보는 부모 노드의 영역 정보를 이용하여 상대적으로 표현함으로써 영역 표현에 대한 정확성을 보장한다. 이를 통해 검색성능 향상을 제공한다. 제안하는 색인 구조의 우수성을 보이기 위해 기존에 제안된 다차원 색인 구조와의 다양한 실험을 통하여 성능의 우수성을 입증한다. 성능 평가 결과를 통해 제안하는 색인 구조가 기존 색인 구조보다 $40\%$정도 검색 성능이 향상됨을 증명한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.545-561
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• 2007

다중 지역 이동 에이전트 컴퓨팅 환경을 기반하여 이동 에이전트 시스템을 개발하는데 있어서, 이동 에이전트를 관리하고 이동 에이전트들간의 메시지 전달을 보장하기 위한 위치 관리 및 메시지 전달 기법은 중요한 고려사항이다. 그러나 기존의 관련연구들은 여러 지역으로 구성된 다중 지역 이동 에이전트 컴퓨팅 환경에 적용하기에는 위치 갱신 비용 및 메시지 전달 비용이 상대적으로 증가한다는 단점과 추적 문제(Tracking Problem)를 발생시킨다는 한계론 가지고 있다. 또한, 복제된 이동 에이전트와 부모-자식 이동 에이전트에 대해서 고려하지 않는 한계를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 다중 지역 이동 에이전트 컴퓨팅 환경에서 동작하는 새로운 이동 에이전트 위치 관리 및 메시지 전달 기법인 HB (Home-Blackboard) 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. HB 프로토콜은 각 지역마다 각 지역을 관리하는 지역서버를 두어 같은 지역내에서의 이주와 다른 지역으로의 이주를 구분하여 위치 관리를 수행하며, 또한 각 지역서버에 메시지를 저장할 수 있는 블랙보드를 두어 지역서버에서 이동에이전트의 위치가 갱신될 때 해당 메시지를 블랙보드에서 꺼내어 이동에이전트에게 전달한다. HB 프로토콜은 다중 지역 이동 에이전트 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이동 에이전트의 위치 변경시 발생하는 위치 갱신 비용과 이동 에이전트를 간의 메시지 전달 비용을 효과적으로 줄이며, 추적문제를 낮은 통신비용으로 해결한다. 또한, 복제된 이동 에이전트와 부모-자식 이동 에이전트에 대한 위치 관리 및 메시지 전달에 대해서 다뤄, 복제 이동 에이전트들과 부모-자식 이동 에이전트에 대한 메시지 전달을 보장하며 중복된 메시지 전달을 줄여 메시지 통신 비용을 감소시킨다. 상호 유사한 마모경도를 가진다. 이는 마모저항의 지표로 간주되는 석영과 알칼리장석의 모우드 값의 차이로 설명될 수 있다. 한편 낭산지역의 연구를 통하여 규명된 수직상 채석면의 방향 및 각종 물성특성의 전반적인 이해는 차후 이 지역의 암석자원 활용 시주요 정보로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.세포의 수와 크기가 증가된 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 조직내 위치별 세포분열의 가시적 비율에서는 pith부위 보다 cortex부위에서 세포비후의 비율이 큰 것으로 보였다. Sucrose, CCC 및 일장차이에 따른 AGPase 활성의 변화에 있어서 암처리에서는 sucrose 농도 3%보다 8%에서 양호하였고 sucrose 3%, 8%에서도 각각 CCC의 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 8시간 처리에서는 sucrose 농도 3%보다 8%에서 양호하였고 sucrose 3%, 8%에서는 CCC의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 16시간 처리 sucrose 농도 3%보다는 8%에서 양호하였고 sucrose 3%에서는 CCC의 효과가 나타나지 않았으나 8%에서는 CCC의 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 결과적으로 sucrose의 농도가 높고, CCC와 암처리의 괴경형성의 촉진조건에서 AGPase의 활성이 양호함을 볼 때, AGPase가 starch 합성에 중요한 물질이라는 사실이 확인되었다. 평균 1.4/2.0점(70%)으로 가장 낮게 평가되었으며, '적정 검사시설 및 기구 구비' 항목은 공산품에서 평균 0.2점으로 평가되어 타품목에 비해 현저히 낮았고(p<0.01), 평가한 93개 항목 중 가장 불량한 상태로 관리되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. '검사용 장비 및 기구의 검교정' 항목은 농산물이 0.4점으로 관리상태의 개선이 필요하며, 품목별로 볼 때 낮은 점수로 평가되었다(p<0.05).

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2016

This paper presents a fully digital delay locked loop (DLL) that can acquire lock in four clock cycles with a resolution of a 1/4 NAND-delay. The proposed DLL with a multi-dither-free phase detector acquires the initial lock in four clock cycles with 1/2 NAND-delay. Then, it utilizes a multi-dither-free phase detector, a region accumulator, and phase blenders, to improve the resolution to a 1/4 NAND-delay. The region accumulator which continuously steers the control registers and the phase blender, adaptively controls the tracking bandwidth depending on the amount of jitter, and effectively suppresses the dithering jitter. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed DLL occupies $0.0432mm^2$, and consumes 3.7 mW from a 1.2-V supply at 2 GHz.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1940-1949
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• 1995

A numerical study for a two dimensional multi-jet with crossflow of the spent fluid has been carried out. Three different distributions of mass-flow rate at 5 jet exits were assumed to see their effects upon the flow characteristics, especially in the jet-flow region. For each distribution, various Reynolds numbers ranging from laminar to turbulent flows were considered. Results show that a fully developed laminar flow exists above a certain Reynolds number whose exact value depends upon the mass flow rate distribution. AS the Reynolds number increases, the flow becomes transitional from downstream and finally a fully developed turbulent flow forms in the jet-flow region. The critical Reynolds number where the fully developed turbulent flow forms is quite dependent upon the distribution of mass-flow rate. One interesting result is that the distribution of the skin friction coefficient along the inpingement plate in the jet-flow region shows a consistent dependency on the Reynolds number, i.e. inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number, regardless of flow regime.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-56
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• 1989

This study is a structural analysis of a multi-type and multi-level library network within the framework of a regional interlibrary loan (ILL) system. The study monitored to information network structure for resource sharing of academic and research library materials transmitted through the ILL. The local flow of academic and research information was measured by a survey of the filled ILL transactions by individual libraries in the Western 3Rs region. The major findings were as follows: 1) the regional ILL network showed less than half of participation of the total subject libraries, 2) existing structure surveyed was identified as a composite centralized network with three communication groups, 3) depending on the types of materials transacted, the structure were changed, 4) statewide and multi-state library cooperatives had direct interactions with some of the local libraries, 5) individual libraries participated in the ILL network more for periodicals than book materials, 6) academic libraries throughout the total six structure analyzed showed the highest percentage of participation.