• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.289-314
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• 2013

본 연구는 2011년 학업성취도 평가 결과를 Fusion 모형이라는 인지진단모형을 적용하여 수학교과에서 학교급별, 성취수준별, 성별에 따른 인지요소 숙달 양상과 다문화가정의 인지요소 숙달 양상을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초6은 12개의 인지요소에서 '귀납적으로 추론하기', 중3은 10개의 인지요소에서 '연역적으로 정당화하기', 고2는 10개의 인지요소 중 '사칙계산'이 가장 높은 숙달 비율을 보였다. 성취수준별로 인지요소의 숙달 양상을 분석한 결과, 초 중 고 모두 우수학력 집단은 전체 인지요소에서 94%이상의 숙달률을 보였으나, 기초학력이하 집단 학생들은 거의 모든 인지요소에서 초6과 중3의 경우 미숙달 비율이 70%이상이었고 고2는 99%이상이었다. 또한, 초6, 중3까지는 전반적으로 여학생의 인지요소 숙달 비율이 남학생보다 높으나 고2에서는 대부분의 인지요소에서 남학생이 여학생보다 숙달 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다문화가정 학생 집단과 일반가정 학생 집단 간 인지요소의 숙달 양상은 학교급별로 상이하게 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 1997

This study evaluates on students' understanding and misunderstanding of homeostasis, classification of animals and plants, and food production in plants, and analyzes the teacher factor as a possible source of students' misconception. A total number of 863 students and 47 biology teachers at the middle and high school were randomly selected. Students' conceptions and misconceptions were measured with concept evaluation statements (CES) which was translated into Korean by author. The CES was developed and validated by Simson and Marek (1988). Teacher's misconceptions were investigated the way in which teachers marked students' work. The supposed answer given to the teachers to mark was based on misconceptions held by students tested in concept evaluation statements. The results of this study are as follows : 1. 0% of 7th Grade students, 4.5% of 9th Grade students and 5.4% of 11th Grade students understood homeostasis. There was a significant difference at the level of students' understanding of homeostasis according to schools and gender(P<0.05). Many students had a tendency of understanding the conception of the homeostasis by experiences and unscientific use of everyday language rather than a scientific concept. 2. 0.4% of 7th Grade students, 3.1% of 9th Grade students and 2.9% of 11th Grade students understood classification of animals and plants. There was a significant difference at the level of students' understanding of classification of animals and plants according to schools and gender(P<0.05). Students classified animals and plants through personal experiences and observations instead of trying to classify through microscopic analysis of animals and plants cell. 3. 1.2% of 7th Grade students, 10.3% of 9th Grade students and 19.4% of 11th Grade students understood food production in plants. There was a significant difference at the level of students' understanding of food production in plants according to schools and gender(P<0.05). Students had a misconception that food production in plants was done by an absorption of nutrients from soil not by photosynthesis. 4. A large proportion of teachers surveyed in this study appear to have misconceptions about homeostasis (38.1%), classification of animals and plants (34.1%), food production in plants (40.4%). The male teachers had. more misconceptions than female teachers(P<0.05). However, they didn't show any significant differences according to schools and teaching experience(P<0.05). 5. According to the investigation of teachers' perception, 29.8% of the teachers acknowledged that they might be a cause for students' misconceptions. This study shows that 38.3% of teachers did not understand the analyzed biological concepts precisely. By comparing the data of students and teachers, it turned out that teachers participate in the students' misconceptions. And teachers themselves acknowledged that students' misconceptions could be caused by them. Therefore. teachers' right understanding of fundamental biological concepts should precede to students' biology education. New training programs for biology teachers seem to be urgent.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2020

스크래치는 교육용 프로그래밍 도구로 초등학교 소프트웨어교육에서 많이 활용되고 있으며 스크래치를 활용한 수업이 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력, 문제 해결력 등에 도움이 된다는 연구 결과가 많다. 그러나 스크래치 사용자의 연령 통계 자료를 분석해본 결과 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 스크래치 활용도가 낮았으며 블록 프로그래밍 경험이 있는 고학년 학생들도 프로그래밍의 기본 원리인 순차, 반복, 선택의 개념을 이해하는 것에 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 손으로 만지면서 프로그래밍을 학습할 수 있는 스크래치 전자 블록과 전자 블록 활용 프로그래밍 교육 커리큘럼을 개발하였으며 초등학교 2학년과 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였다. 수업 전·후 프로그래밍에 대한 흥미도 검사를 진행한 결과 2학년 학생들의 흥미도는 3.28에서 3.58로 향상되었으며 6학년 학생들의 흥미도는 3.41에서 4.09로 증가하였다. 프로그래밍 기본 원리 이해 평가 결과 2학년 학생들 중 84%의 학생들이 주어진 과제 9개 중 7개 이상을 해결하였으며 6학년 학생들 중 62%이상의 학생들의 주어진 과제 9개 중 7개 이상을 해결하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data on sex education for middle and high school students through content analysis of sex education subjects. The objects of this study were sex related subjects in the 7th grade curriculum and sex education guide books. The results were as follows: According to the results of analyzing sex education topics classified by grade, the 7th grade accounted for 35.2% of total topics, the 8th grade 2.9%, the 9th grade 2.9%, and the 10th grade 32.3%, the result of analyzing sex education topics classified by subject, showed 76.4% of total topics in sex education guide book, 29.4% were technique and domestic subjects, 20.5% were physical subjects, 17.6% were moral subjects, 8.8% were science subjects, 2.9% were society subjects. The domains which were chiefly concerned in sex education curricula for middle school students were "Human Development", "Relationship", and "Sexual Health". On the other hand, the domains which were mainly concerned with sex education curricula for high school students were "Relationship", "Sexual Behavior" and "Sexual Health". Most sex education subjects provided less instruction concerning "Personal Skills" and "Sexual Behavior" than other domains. The suggestion according to the results were as follows: It is desirable to teach sex education as an integrated subject. Especially, sex education should be a part of a comprehensive school health education program. Because this study focused on analyzing materials for teachers, further research is recommended to analyze sex education materials for students.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2000

This study investigated the self-concepts of Korean students based on Marsh and Shavelson's(1985) multidimensional hierarchical model. Reduced forms of the Self-Description Questionnaire(SDQ)-I and -II were administered to 308 5th and 6th grade students and 718 7th to 9th grade students. Results of 2 factor analyses indicated that sub-scales 9 and 11 were well established for SDQ-I and -II, respectively, partly confirming the multidimensionality of self-concept. The factors involving distinctions between academic and non-academic higher-order factors and between the academic/math and the academic/verbal factors were not so differentiated nor hierarchically arranged as proposed by the model. These differences may be attributed to the heavy influence of the academic self-concept on the other sub-factors. A Locality ${\times}$ Sex ${\times}$ Grade ANOVA showed main effects of locality favoring urban areas and of sex favoring boys.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate online school students' understanding of going to online school and their recognitions of the differences between online schools and brick and mortar schools/homeschool. A qualitative research was conducted with an 8^th grade teacher and sixteen 8^th grade students at an American online school. The findings of this study can be an important first step toward an in-depth understanding of online school learning environments.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.229-251
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between middle school students' smart media competency and online learning outcomes. The context of this study was on online inquiry-based mathematics and science learning environment, and four-hundred and fifty-five (455) 7^th to 9^th grade students in Korea participated in this research. To assess students' smart device competency, Smart Media Literacy Quotient (SMLQ) which consisted of 18 items regarding the operation ability of smart media and its application (14 items) and positive beliefs of smart media (4 items) was administered to each student. The findings of this study first showed that students' smart media literacy varied according to their characteristics such as gender, grade, class (subject), and socio-economic status. Female students' scores were higher in overall smart media literacy operation and learning ability of smart media than male students. 7^th grade middle school students represented lower smart media literacy scores, compared to 8^th and 9^th graders. Also, minority students were significantly lower in smart media literacy, operation and learning ability of smart media, and positive belief of smart media than the non-minority students. Second, overall smart media literacy and operation and learning ability of smart media varied among high, medium, and low score achievers in inquiry tasks. Low scored students in inquiry tasks were significantly lower in overall smart media literacy and operation and learning ability of smart media than medium scored students. Lastly, smart media literacy also varied by students' dropout/completion. Students who dropped out reported significantly lower scores in overall smart media literacy, operation and learning ability of smart media, and positive belief of smart media.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1985

It is apparent to anyone who has taught science in secondary. schools that a substantial percentage of students find the subject difficult: What is the cause of difficulty? There is season to believe that part of this difficulty is associated with students' intellectual development as deserifed by Piaget. To investigate the difficulty students face with learning science in the light of Piagetian developmental theory, the stages of the intellectual development of the secondary school student s were assessed in this study using the instrument called Group Assessment of Logical Think ing (GALT). The results of this study showed that more than 60% of 7th and 8th grade students were Classified as concrete operational level. It was also found that only 20% of the students from 9th through 11th grade were formal operational stage, while about 40% of them were still at concrete operational stage. This study showed that. there was a significant main effect on the intellectual development of the students by grade. However, it showed that at 0.5 level of significance there was no main effect by sex although mean scores of male on the assessment were higher than those of female.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-110
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 반복읽기와 소리내어 읽기를 결합한 소리내어 반복읽기를 수학과 교수·학습 방법으로 제안하고, 소리내어 반복읽기가 학생의 학업성취도와 인지부하에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 수학과 교수·학습 방법으로서 소리내어 반복읽기에 대한 시사점을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 중학교 3학년 학생 4명과 고등학교 1학년 학생 4명을 대상으로 '함수의 극한' 단원과 '경우의 수/순열' 단원에 대해 소리내어 반복읽기를 실시하고 학업성취도와 인지부하가 어떻게 변하는지 분석하는 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 연구에 참여한 모든 학생들은 소리내어 반복읽기가 누적됨에 따라 학업성취도와 인지부하에서 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 단원별로 비교했을 때, 경우의 수/순열 단원에 비해 함수의 극한 단원의 학업성취도가 낮았으며 인지부하 측면에서도 함수의 극한 단원에서 학생들이 더 높은 인지부하를 드러냈다. 학년별로 비교했을 때, 인지부하에서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 두 단원 모두 고등학교 1학년 학생 4명의 학업성취도가 중학교 3학년 학생 4명에 비해 높았다. 학년별 학업성취도는 특히 함수의 극한 단원에서 큰 차이가 있었지만 그 격차는 소리내어 반복읽기를 진행할수록 줄어들었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and to investigate the differences in general tendency of subskills by grade level and gender between Korean middle school students and Japanese one. The performance level of skills was measured using GALT and TIPS II. The results are compared with those of Japan (Mattheis et al., 1992). Summary of the results are as follow. 1. Percentages of formal and transitional stage of males are more than females in developmental level. It has been found out that the males attained significantly higher scores of logical thinking skills than the females in middle school stage. The significant differences in scores by gender show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Developmental level of Korean middle school students shows a remarkable improvement as they move up from 8th grade to 9 one. The significant differences in developmental level by grade also show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Total scores of GALT for Japanese middle school students are higher than Korean one, but it has been found nearly same scores for 9th grade in both countries. Scores of subskills of logical thinking skills, except correlational reasoning, for Korean students show lower than those for Japanese students. It could be noted that the combinatorial reasoning is considered to be easiest and the correlational reasoning to be most difficult in both countries. 2. It also has been found out similar pattern for integrated process skills in both countries because the males and females did not examplify significant differences, although males gain somewhat higher scores than females in Korea. Scores of subskills of integrated process skills for Japanese middle school students show higher them Korean one. It could be noted that the identifying variables is considered to be easiest and stating hypothesis to be most difficult in both countries. 3. There was a significant relationship (r= .65) between logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and there were statistically significant differences of the integrated process skills for developmental level. In integrated process skills, the students who belong to the higher grade levels acquired better score than who belong to the lower grade level. It has been also found remarkable improvement between 8th and 9th grade, and there are significant differences for grade level in both countries.