• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.14-20
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to predict the ignition times and the HRR(heat release rate) for building interior materials. By using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the ignition time and the HRR of building interior materials are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated ignition times by means of the thickness and the density were 4.35 sec and 1.57 sec, and the correlation coefficient was 0.987. The correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the net HRR by means of burner width and power was 0.983. Also the correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the total HHR by means of burner width and power was 0.999. The correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the maximum flame height by means of burner width and power was 0.999. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to develope the production of specific yolk antibody from laying hens immunized with antigens from Salmonella enteritidis. Antigenic protein isolated from the flagella of Salmonella enteritidis, determined by SDS-PAGE, was pure and has a molecular mass of approximately 54.6 kDa. It was observed that the antibody titers both in egg yolk and serum were performed at 2 weeks after immunization with flagella antigen to the laying hen. And the level was increased gradually to 6 weeks after immunization. At the time of 6 weeks, the antibody titer of yolk showed higher than that of serum. According to the results of specificity test(ELISA), the yolk antibody did not react with different bacterial strains(S. choleraesuis, ETEC Kl2:K99, K88,987P), but reacted only with S. enteritidis strain. The contents of immunoglobulin(IgY) in an egg yolk was 106mg approximately. By the isolation procedure of IgY from the egg yolk, 88.3 percent of IgY content was recovered in this study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.983-987
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• 2005

Hydrogels composed of glycidyl methacrylate dextran (GMD) and poly(acrylic acid, PM) were prepared by UV irradiation method for colon-specific drug delivery. GMD was synthesized by coupling of glycidyl methacrylate to dextran in the presence of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine. GMD was photo-polymerized by ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiating system in phosphate­buffered solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4). And then, acrylic acid monomer was added and subsequently heat-polymerized by 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The hydrogels exhibited high swelling ratio (about 20) at $37^{\circ}C$, and showed a pH-dependent swelling behavior. In addition, the swelling ratio of the hydrogel was remarkably enhanced to about 45 times in the presence of dextranase at pH 7.4. The swelling-deswelling behavior proceeded reversibly for the GMD/PM hydrogels between pH 2 and pH 7.4. Release of 5-aminosalicylic acid from the GMD/PAA hydrogels was evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal pH fluids in the absence or presence of dextranase. We concluded that the hydrogels prepared could be used as a dual-sensitive drug carrier for sequential release in gastrointestinal tract.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school bullying prevention camp for adolescent perpetrators of school violence. Methods: A total of 95 adolescents (boys=73, girls=22) were included in this study. The changes after the program were evaluated using several self-rating scales for the assessment of the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity compared with the baseline scales. Results: The school bullying prevention camp significantly reduced the degree of depression severity (z=-5.874, p<0.001) and impulsivity scale (z=-3.861, p<0.001), while increasing self-esteem (z=-2.091, p=0.037). The degree of depression severity (z=-4.635, p<0.001), loneliness (z=-2.168, p=0.030), and impulsivity (z=-2.987, p=0.003) significantly reduced, whereas self-esteem significantly increased (z=-2.221, p=0.026) for male students who had no history of child abuse. However, there were no significant changes after the program for the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity among female students with a history of child abuse. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the development of diverse standardized guidance programs is necessary for teenagers with different characteristics and backgrounds. Such programs are expected to be more effective in preventing school violence.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.864-873
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• 2022

The subjective health status of adolescence reflects one's overall socio-emotional function and is an important factor in determining the health-related quality of life during this period. This study was to identify the correlation between subjective health status and health equity of adolescents. Data from the 16th online survey of youth health behavior (2020) was used to analyze 39,987 adolescents. Health equity was used as indicator for residential areas, economic conditions perceived by students, household abundance, family type, and parental education. Subjective health status was classified as a healthy group("very healthy", "healthy") and unhealthy group("normal", "unhealthy", and "very unhealthy") in response to the question "how do you think your health is usually?" The data were analyzed using complex sample analysis by using SPSS/Win 22.0. Significant factors related to the subjective health status of subjects were the area of residence (OR=0.86, p=.031), economic level (OR=1.33-2.09, p<.001), and family type (OR=1.24, p=.033). The economic level perceived by adolescents was the most important variable related to the subjective health status of adolescents, and adolescents from multicultural families often perceived their health as unhealthy compared to adolescents from general families. Therefore, there is a need for continuous interest in adolescents with low economic levels and adolescents from multicultural families and specific strategies to improve their health status.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

The dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake of 218 Korean young women (aged 20-26y), who had no health problems, and their sources were estimated using a modified Korean vitamin $B_6$ database. The average daily vitamin $B_6$ intake was 0.987 mg for the subjects. About 87.2% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin $B_6$. The average ratio of vitamin $B_6$ intake to daily protein intake was 0.014 mg/g protein, and approximately 91% of subjects consumed 〈 0.02 mg/g protein. Vitamin $B_6$ intake was significantly (p〈.01 -p〈.001) positively correlated to the intakes of all other nutrients. Between animal and vegetable protein, animal protein had a stronger positive correlation with vitamin $B_6$. Major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$, the top 10 foods provided nearly 64% of total vitamin $B_6$, and dietary contributors of vitamin $B_6$ for Koreans are less varied than those for Americans.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Eutrophication occurs occasionally in reservoirs around lake in summer and early autumn. Lakeside macrophyte which is one of internal pollutants effects on water quality when it is submerged during rainy season. To improve water quality of water supply source in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake, characteristics of nutrient(N, P) uptake and release by submerged plants were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to establish the management plan of submerged plants in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake, water level, rainfall, flooding and non-flooding areas, biomass of dominant plants, contents of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated during 7 months(August, 2010 through February, 2011). Dominant plants were Miscanthus sacchariflorus(MISSA) and Carex dimorpholepis(CRXDM) in Boknae reservoir. Total plant area of Boknae reservoir in August, 2010 was 987,872 $m^2$. In Boknae reservoir, flooding occurred from August until February caused by rainfall during rainy season. The total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes by MISSA were 247 and 22 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. By CRXDM, the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes were 11,340 and 1,231 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. The total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus residues by MISSA were 34 and 11 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. By CRXDM, the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus residues were 491 and 68 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus releases in Boknae reservoir were 12,212 and 1,324 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. The results demonstrate that total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water were strongly influenced by submerged plants. Therefore, management plan for submerged plants during rainy season will be needed to improve water quality of water supply source in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.987-994
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• 2023

This study examined the associations between the genotypes of the galactose mutarotase (GALM) gene and carcass traits in the Hanwoo population of Jeju Island, South Korea. The GALM genotypes were determined by the 14-bp (5'-GGTCTAATGACCAG-3') insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). All three genotypes (LL, LS, and SS) were found in the Hanwoo steer population. The association analysis showed significant associations between genotypes and several carcass traits, including traits related to intramuscular fat content, such as meat quality, marbling score, and backfat thickness (p<0.05). Animals harboring the SS genotype showed not only higher levels of intramuscular fat content but also lower levels of backfat thickness than animals harboring the LL and LS genotypes. On the other hand, no significant associations were found between the GALM genotypes and carcass weight, eye muscle area, meat color, or fat color (p>0.05). Deleting the 14-bp segment in the 3'-UTR resulted in the modification of the secondary structure of RNA and appeared to affect gene expression by interfering with the binding ability of GALM mRNA with RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. These results suggest that the 14-bp InDel polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of the GALM gene affects cattle growth traits and carcass quality through galactose metabolism-mediated fat accumulation in muscle and backfat tissues.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.979-987
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• 2011

Culture pH change has some important roles in signal transduction and secondary metabolism. We have already reported that acidic pH shock enhanced actinorhodin production in Streptomyces coelicolor. Among many potential governing factors on pH variation, the putative $Na^+/H^+$ antiporter (sha) genes in S. coelicolor have been investigated in this study to elucidate the association of the sha on pH variation and secondary metabolism. Through the transcriptional analysis and overexpression experiments on 8 sha genes, we observed that most of the sha expressions were promoted by pH shock, and in the opposite way the pH changes and actinorhodin production were enhanced by the overexpression of each sha. We also confirmed that sha8 especially has a main role in maintaining cell viability and pH homeostasis through $Na^+$ extrusion, in salt effect experiment under the alkaline medium condition by deleting sha8. Moreover, this gene was observed to have a function of pH recovery after pH variation such as the pH shock, being able to cause the sporulation. However, actinorhodin production was not induced by the only pH recovery. The sha8 gene could confer on the host cell the ability to recover pH to the neutral level after pH variation like a pH drop. Sporulation was closely associated with this pH recovery caused by the action of sha8, whereas actinorhodin production was not due to such pH variation patterns alone.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.987-991
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 과거 제안된 5가지의 기준증발산식으로부터 산정된 증발산량과 pan 증발량을 이용하여 상관분석을 실시하였고 pan 계수를 산정하였다. 또한 우리나라 21개 기상관측지점에서 과거 제안된 5가지의 기준증발산식들을 비교하고 그 유사성을 알아보았다. 비교 검토된 기준증발산식은 4가지 방법으로 분류하였으며, 분류된 방법 중에서 각기 대표적인 기준증발산량 산정식을 선정하여 적용하였다. 적용된 기준증발산식은 에너지와 공기동력항의 조합법에 근거한 Penman 식, 단일근원법에 근거한 FAO Penman-Monteith(FAO P-M) 식, 복사자료를 이용한 방법인 Makkink 식과 Priestley-Taylor 식, 그리고 기온자료에 근거한 방법인 Hargreaves 식 등이다. 연구지역 선정을 위하여 기상관측지점이 있는 지역의 지리 및 지형조건을 고려하였다. 사용된 기상자료는 1970년부터 5년 간격으로 8개년의 일별 기상자료를 사용하였다. 적용결과는 수치 및 시계열 도시방법을 통하여 비교하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 대부분의 지역에서 기준증발산식과 pan 증발량과는 0.9 이상의 높은 상관관계를 보이고 있으나, pan 증발량과 비교하여 회귀식의 경사가 1.0보다 크거나 작은 경향을 보이고 있다. 전국 21개 연구지역 중에서 12개 지역에서 대기온도자료에 기초한 Hargreaves 식이 FAO P-M 식과 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났는데, 이들 지역은 대구지역을 제외하고 해안지역에 위치하고 있다. 반면에 내륙에 위치한 8개 지역에서 복사량자료에 기초한 Priestley-Taylor 식이 FAO P-M 식과 유사한 것으로 나타났다.