• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2020

Smart greenhouses are primarily used for growing fruits and vegetables, such as sweet peppers, tomatoes, strawberries. Although the number of smart greenhouses has been increasing exponentially, no studies have been performed to evaluate the state of smart greenhouses in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine current state of smart greenhouses with regard to greenhouse specifications, crop growing methods, pests, and user satisfaction in Korea. Contact information for smart greenhouses was provided by the officials of local agricultural research and extension services. This survey was conducted by visiting each greenhouse. Results showed that approximately 50% of surveyed smart greenhouses were between 3,300 ㎡ and 6,600 ㎡. The most frequently chosen method for pest control was chemical pesticides (97.1%). Powdery mildew and gray mold comprised 54.4% and 33.8% of the crop diseases, respectively. All tomato greenhouse farmers considered whiteflies the most problematic pest. In contrast, 76.5% and 70.6% of sweet pepper farmers believed thrips and aphids posed significant threats, respectively. The mean satisfaction score was 7.5 out of 10 points, with 10 being "extremely satisfied". These results will aid in decision making with respect to the management of current smart greenhouses and the design of future smart farms in Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.718-724
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• 2018

In this study, the $Ni_{0.9}Co_{0.05}Ti_{0.05}(OH)_2$ precursor was prepared by the concentration gradient co-precipitation method. In order to overcome the structural change due to oxygen desorption in the cathode active material with high nickel content, the physical and electrochemical analysis of the cathode active material according to the calcination temperature were investigated. Physical properties of $Li_{1.05}Ni_{0.9}Co_{0.05}Ti_{0.05}O_2$ were analyzed by FE-SEM, XRD and TGA. The electrochemical performance of the coin cell using a cathode active material and $LiPF_6$(EC:EMC=1:2 vol%) electrolyte was evaluated by the initial charge/discharge efficiency, cycle retention, and rate capabilities. As a result, the initial capacity and initial efficiency of cathode materials were excellent with 244.5~247.9 mAh/g and 84.2~85.8% at the calcination temperature range of $750{\sim}760^{\circ}C$. Also, the capacity retention exhibited high stability of 97.8~99.1% after 50cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 1991

In order to investigate the changes of lipid ingredient and fatty acid content in flint corn by a growth process, total lipids from flint corn(Zea may l.) were extracted, purified and fractionated into three lipid classes (neutral lipid ; NL, glycolipid ; GL, phospolipid ; PL) by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). Non-polar lipid ingredients and fatty acid contents were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC). And non-polar lipid ingredients were quantitatived by TLC scanner. The crude oil among proximare composition increased 2.74% to 4.43% and NL and PL were fractionated by SACC increased 48.5% to 86.02%, 1.01% to 2.73%, respectively. But GL decreased 50.4% to 11.25%. Neutral lipid ingredients identified monoglyceride, were 1.1~3.7%, 11.9~16.1%, 2.3~4.2%, 16.7~21.5% and 58.5~63.6%, respectively. The major fatty acids of NL were linoleic (48.9~61.0%), oleic(22.3~34.2%), palmitic (10.3~11.7%) acids and stearic, linolenic acids were also detected as minor components. The ratio of total unsaturated fatty acid to total saturated fatty acid presented a higher percentage of 5.87~6.34. The physico-chemical characteristics of flint corn lipids were presented as specific gravity presented 0.920, refractive index 1.468, saponification value 191.2, unsaponificable matter 0.97%, acid value 0.58 and iodine value 124.6, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 1999

Grinding aid is a necessary unit operation when the raw materials are handled in solid form, and the purpose is to improve the bioavailability by reducing the particle size. For the particle design of pefloxacin, the dry planetary ball-mill was used. With the drying process, 330 g of zirconia ball with its size of 2 mm in diameter and 10 g of pefloxacin were transferred to the pot and mixed well. The mixture was ground at 112 rpm (60 Hz) for 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively. The most satisfactory grinding products were generated at 15 min of grinding time for their particle size. The volume mean diameter $\X_50$ of the grinding products was 2.97 $\mu$m. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) patterns were relatively unchanged before pulverizing pefloxacin and in the progress of grinding. Thus, these results suggest that this pulverizing method can be used for grinding products without evident effect on stability of the drug pefloxacin. Dissolution test was carried out to set up the optimal detective condition against residual antibacteria of fish by HPLC. The grinding pefloxacin for 15 min is most effective in dissolution test.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.350-359
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• 2007

The egg development and morphological change of larvae and juveniles of the starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus were observed in laboratory. Fertilized eggs of the species, 1.09~1.19 mm (mean $1.13{\pm}0.03mm$, n=50) in diameter, were floating, colorless, transparent in shape and lacked in oil globules. The eggs hatched out 121 hours after fertilization at water temperature $8.2{\sim}11.2^{\circ}C$. The size of the hatched larvae were 2.58~2.89 mm (mean $2.67{\pm}0.09mm$) in total length, their mouth and anus were not open yet and myotome number was 14+27=41. Melanophore and xanthophore appeared on the notochord and digestive organ and the margin of membrane fin, on the yolk sac and eyes were lacking in pigment cells. 5 days after hatching the larvae attained 4.30~4.97 mm (mean$4.74{\pm}0.21mm$) in TL, and their mouth and anus were open. 10 days after hatching the larvae transformed to postlarval stage and they were 4.67~5.75 mm in TL (mean $5.30{\pm}0.31mm$), and absorbing the yolk completely. Feeding activity increased as the mouth became larger. At 23 days, the larvae attained 6.69~8.82 mm in TL (mean $7.85{\pm}0.75mm$), and the right eye was started moving to the left side of the head. At 52 days, the juveniles attained 10.99~17.06 mm in TL (mean $13.50{\pm}1.67mm$). The right eye was moved completely onto the left side. All of the fins had completed set of the fin rays (D. 64~67: A. 45~51: P. 11: V. 6: C. 19).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2019

최근 식생활의 변화로 인한 동물성 포화지방, 고칼로리 식품의 섭취 증가와 운동 부족, 스트레스 등의 여러 요인으로 비만인구 비율이 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 유자, 석류등 천연소재 추출액에는 플라보노이드 성분이 풍부하여 항암, 항산화, 항염증, 항미생물 활성 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 발효유로 대표되는 유산균 제품은 장 건강, 항산화 등 다양한 장점을 지니고 있으나, 짧은 유통기간 및 냉장유통 등 보존성에 있어 취약점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 천연 추출물을 주원료로 Lactobacillus acidophilus로 발효한 천연소재발효물을 활용하여 항비만 효과에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 유산균 발효유의 풍미 유지하면서 유통기간을 늘릴 수 있는 가공법을 개발하고 건강식품 소재 개발 및 산업화를 통하여 국민의 건강 증진을 도모하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 천연소재 프로바이오틱스 발효물을 제조하여 세포독성, NO생성 억제능, 항비만 활성, 관능검사를 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 천연소재 추출물 및 천연소재추출발효혼합물을 각각 10, 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리한 시험구들의 세포생존율을 측정한 결과 가장 고농도인 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 96.2, 95.1, 97.3, 96.2, 98.1, 97.0 %로 확인되어, 높은 수준의 안전성이 확인되었다. 천연소재 추출물 및 천연소재추출발효혼합물의 항염증효과를 분석하고자 수행한 Nitrite 생성저해 효과를 분석한 결과, NO 생성율은 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 98.1, 98.2, 96.2, 97.3, 91.2, 95.3 %로 확인되어 시험구 D의 항염증 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 농도로 처리하였을 때 lipid accumulation은 각각 100.0, 99.1, 98.2, 98.5, 87.6, 91.8 %로 나타나 D시험구와 E시험구에서 지방세포 분화억제효과가 확인되었다. 관능검사 시행 결과, 농축비율에 따른 관능적 기호도는 5 brix > 3 brix > 1 brix > 10 brix 순으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to recover the CIE XYZ tristimulus values of original colors from scanner output signals, and to reproduce true colors on the monitor. The process of this study is composed of three steps; scanner characterization, chromatic adaptation transformation, and color space transformation between and sRGB. Especially, in the process of recovery, scanner stimuli were obtained accurately by dividing the non-linear photometric response curve into two parts. As the result of test to EPSON Expression 1680 scanner, the average color difference between true and recovered XYZ for 228 target colors, 22 test neutrals, and 36 test colors were 1.49, 0.97, and 1.42 $\Delta$ $E_{UV}$ *, respectively. With the transformation from illuminant D50 to illuminant D65, the input signals to sRGB monitor were predicted. Finally, it could be found that displayed colors with predicted input signals were very consistent with true colors. with true colors.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2004

The use of hemofiltration has been proposed to reduce excessive body fluid and inflammatory mediators produced during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants and children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of hemofiltration in adult cardiac surgery using (CPB). Twenty adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to control group without hemofiltration (n=10) or hemofilter group with hemofiltration during CPB (n=lO). CBC and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, endothelin-l (ET-1), and cortisol were measured at before the initiation and immediately after the termination of CPB (Pre-CPB and End-CPB, respectively). Clinical data were assessed at postoperative period. In hemofilter group hematocrit was significantly higher (30.04±2.63％ vs 23.30±2.71％, P=0.0014) whereas total leukocyte count was lower than in control group (7.71±1.78×10³/㎣ vs 16.01 ±3.12x10³/㎣, P=0.021) at End-CPB. Increased rate of IL-6 (311.56±97.31％ vs 825.45±102.56％, P=0.012) and D-dimer levels (154.55±89.04％ vs 308.33±157.64％, P=0.026) at End-CPB were significantly less in hemofilter group than in control group. Postoperative blood transfusion in hemofilter group was low compared with that of control group (741.00±38.07 ml vs 1,137.50±169.82 ml, P=0.037). There were no significant differences between two groups in platelet count, ET -1, cortisol, pulmonary index, mechanical ventilation, postoperative blood loss, ICU-stay and hospitalization. Hemofiltration technique applied in the present study provided partly beneficial effect in adult cardiac surgery.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• autumn
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• pp.50-67
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• 1999

Biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analyses are carried out on cutting samples from the Dolgorae wells drilled in the Ulleung basin. The clayey, silty, and sandy sediments of the wells yield various microfossil assemblages of relatively good preservation, among which five fossil groups are reported; a total of 97 foraminiferal species of 66 genera, 19 nannofossil species of 12 genera, 86 ostracod species of 41 genera, 107 diatom species of 44 genera, and 124 dinoflagellate cysts species of 45 genera. Based on microfossils the geologic ages of the Dolgorae wells are dated to be from late Early Miocene to Early Pleistocene. Several biohorizons are defined in Neogene successions by the LOD (Last Ocurrence Datum) and FOD (First Ocurrence Datum) of marker species including G. truncatulinoides (LOD: 1.9 Ma) of foraminifera; C. macintyeri (LOD: 1.64-1.60), G. oceanica (FOD: 1.65 Ma), G. caribbeanica (1.72 Ma), D. brouweri (LOD: 2 Ma), R. pseudoumbilica (LOD: 3.66 Ma), P. lacunosa (FOD: 4.2 Ma) of nannofossils; S. ellipsoideus (LOD: 4 Ma), S. palcacantha (LOD: 10.2), C. giusepei (LOD: 14 Ma) of dinocysts; D. seminae v. fossilis (FOD: 3.7 Ma), T. antiqua (LOD: 1.7 Ma), T. convexa (LOD: 2.4 Ma), N. kamtschatica (LOD: 2.58 Ma), T. oestrupii(FOD: 5.1 Ma) of diatoms. Abundance patterns of microfossils throughout the wells reflect changes in paleoenvironmental and sedimentological settings of the basin in relation to sea-level variations. According to these data the large-cycle and small-cycle changes of transgression and regression phases are observed in terrestrial to marine sediments. This high-resolution sequence biostratigraphy established by various fossil groups enabled more reliable correlation between strata and refined interpretation on deposition systems of the basin. It also proved to provide fundamental and precise informations regarding stratigraphic correlation, tectonic events, basin, and depositional history for hydrocarbon explorations, especially in collaboration with seismic-stratigrahic analyses.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Purpose: Obese children may often present with advanced bone age. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between factors associated with childhood obesity and advanced bone age. Methods: We enrolled 232 overweight or obese children. Anthropometric and laboratory data, and the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were measured. We analyzed factors associated with advanced bone age by measuring the differences between bone and chronological ages. Results: The normal and advanced bone age groups were comprised of 183 (78.9%) and 49 (21.1%) children, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age significantly increased as the percentiles of height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) increased. BMI z-score was higher in the advanced bone age group than in the normal bone age group (2.43±0.52 vs. 2.10±0.46; p<0.001). The levels of insulin (27.80±26.13 μU/mL vs. 18.65±12.33 μU/mL; p=0.034) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (6.56±6.18 vs. 4.43±2.93; p=0.037) were significantly higher, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were lower (43.88±9.98 mg/dL vs. 48.95±10.50 mg/dL; p=0.005) in the advanced bone age group compared to those in the normal bone age group, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with metabolic syndrome than in those without (28.2% vs. 14.7%; p=0.016). The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with a more severe degree of NAFLD. Conclusion: Advanced bone age is associated with a severe degree of obesity and its complications.