• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.393-399
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on school records of family environment, learner's attitude, school life, seat position in college students. The questionnaire surveyed for family environment, learner's attitude, school life by 121 students, and conformed the school records after consent and institutional review board. Mean age was 21.7-year, and men 54.5% and women 45.5% for sex. Learner's attitude and school life are significantly positively correlated for school records(p<0.001), and school life satisfaction and learner's attitude are significantly positively correlated for family environment(p<0.001). It showed significantly correlation between school life and learner's attitude(r=0.437, p<0.001). Seat position is significantly higher in men more than women(3.40 vs. 3.89, p=0.004), as well as in grader. Between school records ≥ 90% and <90% group showed statistically difference in school life (4.35 vs. 4.11, p=0.045) or learner's attitude(3.75 vs. 3.37, p=0.004), seat position(3.89 vs. 3.45, p=0.007). Therefor, school records are effected significantly by learner's attitude and school life, seat position in college students.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of hepatitis A vaccine ($VAQTA^{TM}$) in healthy children and adolescents. Methods : Eligible subjects aged 2 to 17 years received 25 U/0.5 mL of $VAQTA^{TM}$ intramuscularly at 0 and 24 week schedule. Bleeds were obtained prior to vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose to ascertain serostatus. To detect antibody to HAV after vaccination with an inactivated HA vaccine, a modification of the $Abbott^{(R)}$ HAVAB kit was used. Sample with titers ${\geq}10$ mIU/mL were considered seroconverted. Adverse experiences were monitored. Results : 102 subjects(54 male, 48 female) were enrolled. The mean age was $6.8{\pm}3.5$ years. Two subjects were seropositive, two were lost of follow up. 88 subjects were available for a per protocol analysis and 90 for all subjects with serology after the second dose, and ten withdral. All subjects(95% CI, 94.8~100) seroconverted. Geometric mean titers was 7,991.1(95% CI, 6,481.1~9,852.7) with very little difference in per protocol analysis and all subjects analysis. Adverse experiences to $VAQTA^{TM}$ were generally mild and transient. Conclusion : The pediatric two-dose regimen of $VAQTA^{TM}$ was found to be highly immunogenic, generally well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroconversion. Regarding Korea is in transition from a high to low risk region resulting in a paradox increase of clinical disease and disease burden, routine vaccination should be considered in order to control hepatitis A effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2001

Purpose : To confirm the efficacy of arthroscopic synovectomy for the pigmented villonodular synovitis in the knee. Materials and Methods : We analysed 8 patient(9 cases) that were diagnosed and performed arthroscopic synovectomy as pigmented villonodular synovitis from July 1992 to May 2000. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathologist. The average follow-up period was 29 months(range, $15\~48$ months). The average age at initial visit was 40.4 years(rage, $15\~67$ years). Male were 6 cases and female 2 cases. The average duration from onset of the symptom to the operation was 23 months($2\~86$ months). Previous history of the trauma was noted in 2 case. There was 1 case involved both knee joints. Results : According to the athroscopic findings, there were 4 localized forms and 5 diffuse forms. At preoperational examinations, the average of flexion contracture was $4.4^{\circ}(0\~5^{\circ})$ and that of the further flexion was $117.8^{\circ}(90\~135^{\circ})$. At last follow-up examinations, the knee range of motion was normalized, the average of flexion range was $133.9^{\circ}(120\~140^{\circ})$. All patients had improvement in pain, swelling and range of motion and there was no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion : In the pigmented villonodular synovitis, arthroscopic synovectomy can be considered one of the good modality to expect good results.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

Purpose: There is a the great diagnostic challenge in pediatric tuberculosis especially in high burden setting. The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the agreement between tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) including T-SPOT$^{(R)}$.TB and QuantiFERON$^{(R)}$-TB Gold (QFT-G) in Korean children. Method: This retrospective study included children and adolescents who visited to Asan Medical Center to evaluate tuberculosis infection using at least two assays of TST, T-SPOT.TB and QFT-G, from January 2014 to April 2015. Results: A total of 20 patients were included, whose median age was 13.3 years (range, 3.8-18.1 years), and all of them had history of BCG vaccination. Eleven patients had underlying diseases including 7 patients with immunosuppressant medication. The concordance rate between T-SPOT.TB and QFT-G was 90%. However, the concordance rate between TST and T-SPOT.TB was 50%, and between TST and QFT-G was 42.9%. Specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection of T-SPOT.TB, QFT-G, and TST was 93.3%, 86.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Although there was a discrepancy between TST and IGRA to diagnose tuberculosis, agreement between T-SPOT.TB and QFT-G was relatively high. Further prospective study to validate the clinical usefulness of each assay for immunologic evidence of tuberculosis infection in Korean children will be mandatory.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 2009

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods:We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the time of sampling. DNA was extracted from the swabs and subjected to multiplex RT-PCR using a primer set for the detection of pneumococci ($Seeplex^{(R)}$ PneumoBacter ACE Detection Seegene, Seoul, Korea). The amplified PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gels and stained with either ethidium bromide or screen tape system (Lab901 Scotland, UK). Results:A total of 33 children (male, 15 female, 18) aged between 3.2 and 16.3 (median, 8.2) years were included in this study. The mRT-PCR detected colonized bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) in 30 children (90.9%). Of these, 13 children (39.4%) showed more than 2 bacteria: 12 children were positive for 2 bacteria (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) and 1 child was positive for 3 bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and C. pneumoniae). Conclusion:mRT-PCR was found to be a sensitive tool for the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages. Clinical significances of the bacteria detected by mRT-PCR will have to be evaluated in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2600-2606
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of simulation-based training on the clinical competence and confidence of nursing students in intravenous injection performance and the satisfaction of clients. Methods: This study employed a randomized control posttest non-synchronized design. The participants were 90 second-year nursing students(31 multimedia group, 28 IV model group, 31 IV computerized systems group) of S-University in Seoul, Korea. Each group was given 30 minutes for five trial injections, then the students performed intravenous injections on the back of hands of the clients, and the results were measured. Results: There were significant differences in competence of clinical performance among the three groups showed no significant differences in confidence before and after intravenous injections. While there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of clients among the three groups, there were significant differences in the satisfaction of clients resulting from the success or failure of intravenous injections(p=<.001). Conclusion: This study shows that simulation-base training contributes to the enhancement of competence and confidence of nursing students in clinical performance. It would be helpful to use various simulation-based training media as another choice of education in different fields.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics of eosinophilic meningitis in Severance Children's Hospital. Methods: We examined 6,335 children under the age of 18 years old who had visited the tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, and had received cerebrospinal study results between January 2007 and July 2012. The medical records of the patients identified as eosinophilic meningitis were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Eosinophilic meningitis was diagnosed in 39 patients (0.6%). The mean age was 6 years (range 0-18 years) and the sex ratio was 1.3:1 (22 males and 17 females). The underlying diseases and past history were neurologic disease (n=36, 92%). Eosinophilic meningitis was diagnosed in thirty-five patients who had undergone postoperation neurosurgery (90%). The most common symptoms were fever (50%), headache (20%), vomiting (15%), seizure (10%), and dizziness (5%). The average duration for recovery was five days, and intravenous antibiotics or steroids were used. Conclusions: Manifestations of eosinophilic meningitis are similar to other types of meningitis. The most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in children was neurosurgery. Eosinophilic meningitis should be considered for patients showing fever and headache after neurosurgery. Through careful investigation, use of improper antibiotics could be avoided.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.62-77
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• 1998

지역 사회 서비스는 노인들이 질적으로 보다나은 삶을 영위할 수 있도록 돕는 기능을 해야 한다. 적절한 서비스의 공급을 위해서는 지역사회 서비스 욕구 사정의 과정이 우선적으로 요구되어지며, 이에 본 연구는 호주 NSW주 Illawarra지역내의 retirement village에 거주하는 자가 돌봄이 가능한 노인들의 지역사회 서비스에 대한 욕구를 평가하는데 그 목적을 두었다. Illawarra지역내의 여덟개 retirement village에 거주하는 98명의 자가 돌봄이 가능한 노인들을 대상으로 그들의 1) functional status; 2) 지역 사회 서비스에 대한 지식정도; 3) 지역 사회 서비스 사용정도; 4) 지역 사회 서비스 만족도; 5) 잠재적인 지역 사회 서비스 욕구 등에 대한 자가 보고형 설문조사가 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료들은 JMP(for Mackitosh) program으로 통계 처리되었고, computed frequencies가 본 연구의 목표 달성을 위해 주로 사용되었다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 평균 연령 76세인 대상자들의 80%이상이 그들의 일상 생활 운영에 다른 사람의 도움을 필요로 하지 않으며 건강상태 또한 양호하다고 자각했다. 2. 90%이상의 대상자들이 지역 사회 서비스를 이용하지 않았다. 3. 70%이상의 대상자가 지역 사회 서비스의 존재에 대해 지각하고 있었다. 4. 60%이상의 대상자가 필요시에는 지역 사회 서비스에 관한 정보를 어렵지 않게 얻을 수 있다고 생각했다. 5. 40%의 대상자가 기존의 지역 사회 서비스에 대한 양과 질에 만족을 나타냈고, 그 외의 대상자들 (60%)은 그 지역 사회 서비스에 대한구체적인 지식이 없다고 보고했다. 6. 25%의 대상자들이 여러 지역 사회 서비스에 관한 관심을 보였다. 결론적으로 대다수의 대상자들은 대부분의 지역 사회 서비스들을 필요로 하지 않았고, 이러한 결과는 현재 자가간호가 가능한 retirement village 거주 노인들에게 당연한 것으로 보여진다. 그러나, 자존감이 강한 노인들에게 서비스 욕구는 자가 돌봄이 건강에 대한 포기정도로 왜곡되어 자각될 가능성이 있는 만큼, 본 연구를 통해 보고된 대상자들의 지역 사회 서비스에 대한 관심도는 고려해 볼만한 가치가 있다고 여겨지며, 이에 노인들의 자존감이 서비스 욕구에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 제언하는 바이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2004

Purpose : Nocternal enuresis is a common disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant and desmopressin have been accepted pharmacological treatment for this disorder We conducted a cooperative study to investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of imipramine, desmopressin and combination treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis(PMNE). Methods: Data from a large multicenter study were analysed. In the period of 8 months in 2002, the study comprised of 168 children(78 boys and 90 girls, 5 to 15 years old) with PMNE for imipramine, desmopressin or combination treatment. Before treatment a history, physical examination and laboratory tests were performed and the children were observed for 2 weeks. Response rate, adverse reactions and enuresis episodes after stopping drug administration were evaluated after 12-weeks of imipramine, desmopressin or combination of both. Results: After 4 weeks, the frequency of bed wetting in all treated patients decreased during treatment significantly Even though a 30-50%, reduction in the number of wet nights were 68.6%, 74.4% and 86.1% during 12 weeks treatment by imipramine, desmopressin and both of them respectively, there was no significant difference between them. The most common adverse reaction was decreased appetite from imipramine administration. But no serious drug-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Efficacy of the combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin in PMNE appears not to be better than either drug alone. It is necessary to pay attention on account of adverse reactions during imipramine treatment even though imipramine and desmopressin were generally well tolerated.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of viral acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRI) in two different areas of Korea. Methods : A total of 796 patients hospitalized for ALRI aged 15 years or less from June 2000 to June 2001 in Samsung Seoul hospital(SSH) and Masan Fatima hospital(MFH) were enrolled. Viral etiologies were confirmed using nasopharyngeal aspirates. We compared etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations, and seasonal occurrence of viral ALRI between the two hospitals. Results : Virus was isolated in 208 patients(26.1%). The proportion of patients aged under 2 years in SSH was 60.2%, while those in MFH was 90.0%(P<0.05). Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) was more prevalent in MFH, but adenovirus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus were more prevalent in SSH(P<0.05). Croup and bronchiolitis occurred more frequently in MFH than in SSH(P<0.05). The most frequent viral pathogens causing bronchiolitis and croup were RSV and parainfluenza virus, respectively, in both hospitals. Adenovirus was the main cause of pneumonia in SSH, in contrast to RSV in MFH. In terms of tracheobronchitis, adenovirus was detected most frequently in SSH, whereas influenza virus-type A was mainly isolated in MFH. Similar pattern of seasonal occurrences of RSV, parainfluenza virus and influenza virus-type A was noted in both hospitals. Adenovirus was isolated sporadically throughout the study periods. Conclusion : Seasonal occurrence and clinical syndromes according to viral pathogens showed similar pattern in two areas. However, distribution of offending viruses was different, although this is mainly related to the different age distribution. An annual nationwide surveillance is necessary to understand the viral epidemiology associated with respiratory illnesses in Korea.