• Title/Summary/Keyword: 9.11 테러

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Experimental Evaluation of Bi-directionally Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Panel Blast Resistance Behavior under Blast Loading Scenario (폭발하중 시나리오에 따른 2방향 비부착 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 패널부재의 폭발저항성능에 대한 실험적 거동 평가)

  • Choi, Ji-Hun;Choi, Seung-Jai;Cho, Chul-Min;Kim, Tae-Kyun;Kim, Jang-Ho Jay
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.673-683
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    • 2016
  • In recent years, frequent terror or military attack by explosion, impact, fire accidents have occurred. Particularly, World Trade Center collapse and US Department of Defense Pentagon attack on Sept. 11 of 2001. Also, nuclear power plant incident on Mar. 11 of 2011. These attacks and incidents were raised public concerns and anxiety of potential terrorist attacks on major infrastructures and structures. Therefore, the extreme loading researches were performed of prestressed concrete (PSC) member, which widely used for nuclear containment vessel and gas tank. In this paper, to evaluate the blast resistance capacity and its protective performance of bi-directional unbonded prestressed concrete member, blast tests were carried out on $1,400{\times}1,000{\times}300mm$ for reinforced concrete (RC), prestressed concrete without rebar (PSC), prestressed concrete with rebar (PSRC) specimens. The applied blast load was generated by the detonation of 55 lbs ANFO explosive charge at 1.0 m standoff distance. The data acquisitions not only included blast waves of incident pressure, reflected pressure, and impulse, but also included displacement, acceleration, and strains at steel, concrete, PS tendon. The results can be used as basic research references for related research areas, which include protective design and blast simulation under blast loading.

Enhancing the Blast Resistance of Structures Using HPFRCC, Segmented Composites, and FRP Composites (HPFRCC, 분절 복합체 및 FRP를 활용한 구조물의 내폭 성능 향상)

  • Yoon, Young-Soo;Yang, Jun-Mo;Min, Kyung-Hwan;Shin, Hyun-Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.745-748
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    • 2008
  • The past structures were just required bearing capacity to service load, serviceability, and resistance to corrosion. However this point of view has changed after 9.11 terrorism, capacities which can bear impact loading by explosion, and heat by fire happening at the same time, become to be important as a basic condition. The blast resistance capacity of structures is very important part against all over the world is intimidated by terrorism everyday in current point of time. The target of this research is a development of segmented composites and layered structures with high blast resistance using cementitious composites, concrete and FRP composites, which has high tensile strength and ductility, to apply in not only existing facilities but also new ones. Through the improvement of blast resistance, casualties and economic loss can be minimized, and it is possible to diminish the structure collapse and delay the time of structure collapse by thermal effect, impact loading, dynamic loading and high strain.

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The New Imperialism, New Security Strategy of the U.S., and the Future of East Asia (신제국주의, 미국의 신안보전략, 그리고 동아시아의 미래)

  • Byung-Doo Choi
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.887-905
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we first understand the concept of imperialism as a 'a dialectical relation between territorial and capitalistic logics of power', as suggested by Harvey, and its history with three phases, the last of which would be seen as the phase of new imperialism. Secondly, we examine the New Security Strategy of the U.S which can be seen as a reflection of the new imperialism of the U.S. with its neo-conservative Bush administration, and explain the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as the implementation of the new imperialism. And then we take a close look on the current geopolitical situation of East Asia, especially North and South Korea, Japan and China, in terms of the new imperialist foreign policy of the Bush administration. Finally, we consider the limits of the new imperialism of the U.S. and globally emerging movements of anti-imperialism.

Safety Assessment of Aircraft Crash Accident Into Spent Nuclear Fuel Dry Storage Facility - A Review With Focus on Structural Evaluation (사용후핵연료 건식저장시설의 항공기 충돌 구조안전성평가 연구 현황)

  • Lee, Sanghoon
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.263-278
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    • 2019
  • Since the 1970s, aircraft crash accidents have been considered as one of the severest external events that should be evaluated for license application of nuclear reactors. After the 9.11 terrorist attacks, many countries have performed safety assessment against intentional or targeted aircraft crashes into nuclear related facilities. In some countries, assessment against targeted aircraft crash was enforced by regulation and considered an important task for license approval. Safety assessment against aircraft crash is a technically difficult task and many countries manage R&D programs to improve its reliability. In this paper, regulations of many countries regarding safety assessment against aircraft crash are summarized, separating regulations for accident aircraft crash and those for targeted aircraft crash. Research performed in various countries on safety assessment of nuclear facility against aircraft crash are summarized, with a focus on spent nuclear fuel dry storage facilities.

Development of X-Ray Array Detector Signal Processing System (X-Ray 어레이 검출 모듈 신호처리 시스템 개발)

  • Lim, Ik-Chan;Park, Jong-Won;Kim, Young-Kil;Sung, So-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.23 no.10
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    • pp.1298-1304
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    • 2019
  • Since the 9·11 terror attack in 2001, the Maritime Logistics Security System has been strengthened and required X-ray image for every imported cargos from manufacturing countries to United States. For scanning cargos, the container inspection systems use high energy X-rays for examination of contents of a container to check the nuclear, explosive, dangerous and illegal materials. Nowadays, the X-ray cargo scanners are established and used by global technologies for inspection of suspected cargos in the customs agency but these technologies have not been localized and developed sufficiently. In this paper, we propose the X-ray array detector system which is a core component of the container scanning system. For implementation of X-ray array detector, the analog and digital signal processing units are fabricated with integrated hardware, FPGA logics and GUI software for real-time X-ray images. The implemented system is superior in terms of resolution and power consumption compared to the existing products currently used in ports.

Design and Implementation of Web-based Backup & Restore System (웹 기반의 백업 및 복구 시스템 설계 및 구현)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ku;Lee, Sang-Young;Chang, B.;Chung, Tai-M.
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2002.04b
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    • pp.1053-1056
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    • 2002
  • 누구나 컴퓨터를 사용하면서 제 때 백업을 하지 않아 낭패를 본 경험을 가지고 있을 것이다. 특히, 요즘과 같이 무형의 정보 자산이 큰 가치를 가지는 시대에는 그 중요성이 더 크다. 9.11 미국 테러 사태 이후 데이타 백업의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 많은 기업이나 기관 뿐만 아니라 개인까지도 백업에 중요성에 대해 인식하고 있고, 많은 네트워크 시스템들이 앞다투어 백업 및 복구 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 거기다 근래에는 로컬 백업보다는 인터넷을 이용한 사이트 백업 방식이 더 선호되고 있다. 하지만 사이트 백업은 구축과 운영에 많은 비용이 들게 되고, 이미 망관리 시스템과 같은 관리 시스템이 설치되어 있는 환경에서는 관리 체계가 이원화되어 복잡해 질 수 있다. 이러한 추세에 맞추어 본 논문에서는 자바로 구현한 백업 및 복구 시스템을 소개하고자 한다. 본 시스템은 기존의 망관리 시스템에 부가하여 사용할 수 있도록 모듈화시켜 JDK가 설치되어 있는 어떠한 유닉스 시스템에서도 편리하게 백업을 수행할 수 있도록 설계 및 구현되어 있고, 웹기반의 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하고 있어 원격지에서도 관리하고 있는 호스트들의 백업 작업을 쉽게 수행할 수 있다.

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Behavior Analysis of Concrete Structure under Blast Loading : (II) Blast Loading Response of Ultra High Strength Concrete and Reactive Powder Concrete Slabs (폭발하중을 받는 콘크리트 구조물의 실험적 거동분석 : (II) 초고강도 콘크리트 및 RPC 슬래브의 실험결과)

  • Yi, Na Hyun;Kim, Sung Bae;Kim, Jang-Ho Jay;Cho, Yun Gu
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.5A
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    • pp.565-575
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    • 2009
  • In recent years, there have been numerous explosion-related accidents due to military and terrorist activities. Such incidents caused not only damages to structures but also human casualties, especially in urban areas. To protect structures and save human lives against explosion accidents, better understanding of the explosion effect on structures is needed. In an explosion, the blast load is applied to concrete structures as an impulsive load of extremely short duration with very high pressure and heat. Generally, concrete is known to have a relatively high blast resistance compared to other construction materials. However, normal strength concrete structures require higher strength to improve their resistance against impact and blast loads. Therefore, a new material with high-energy absorption capacity and high resistance to damage is needed for blast resistance design. Recently, Ultra High Strength Concrete(UHSC) and Reactive Powder Concrete(RPC) have been actively developed to significantly improve concrete strength. UHSC and RPC, can improve concrete strength, reduce member size and weight, and improve workability. High strength concrete are used to improve earthquake resistance and increase height and bridge span. Also, UHSC and RPC, can be implemented for blast resistance design of infrastructure susceptible to terror or impact such as 9.11 terror attack. Therefore, in this study, the blast tests are performed to investigate the behavior of UHSC and RPC slabs under blast loading. Blast wave characteristics including incident and reflected pressures as well as maximum and residual displacements and strains in steel and concrete surface are measured. Also, blast damages and failure modes were recorded for each specimen. From these tests, UHSC and RPC have shown to better blast explosions resistance compare to normal strength concrete.

A Study about the Direction and Responsibility of the National Intelligence Agency to the Cyber Security Issues (사이버 안보에 대한 국가정보기구의 책무와 방향성에 대한 고찰)

  • Han, Hee-Won
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.39
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    • pp.319-353
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    • 2014
  • Cyber-based technologies are now ubiquitous around the glob and are emerging as an "instrument of power" in societies, and are becoming more available to a country's opponents, who may use it to attack, degrade, and disrupt communications and the flow of information. The globe-spanning range of cyberspace and no national borders will challenge legal systems and complicate a nation's ability to deter threats and respond to contingencies. Through cyberspace, competitive powers will target industry, academia, government, as well as the military in the air, land, maritime, and space domains of our nations. Enemies in cyberspace will include both states and non-states and will range from the unsophisticated amateur to highly trained professional hackers. In much the same way that airpower transformed the battlefield of World War II, cyberspace has fractured the physical barriers that shield a nation from attacks on its commerce and communication. Cyberthreats to the infrastructure and other assets are a growing concern to policymakers. In 2013 Cyberwarfare was, for the first time, considered a larger threat than Al Qaeda or terrorism, by many U.S. intelligence officials. The new United States military strategy makes explicit that a cyberattack is casus belli just as a traditional act of war. The Economist describes cyberspace as "the fifth domain of warfare and writes that China, Russia, Israel and North Korea. Iran are boasting of having the world's second-largest cyber-army. Entities posing a significant threat to the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure assets include cyberterrorists, cyberspies, cyberthieves, cyberwarriors, and cyberhacktivists. These malefactors may access cyber-based technologies in order to deny service, steal or manipulate data, or use a device to launch an attack against itself or another piece of equipment. However because the Internet offers near-total anonymity, it is difficult to discern the identity, the motives, and the location of an intruder. The scope and enormity of the threats are not just focused to private industry but also to the country's heavily networked critical infrastructure. There are many ongoing efforts in government and industry that focus on making computers, the Internet, and related technologies more secure. As the national intelligence institution's effort, cyber counter-intelligence is measures to identify, penetrate, or neutralize foreign operations that use cyber means as the primary tradecraft methodology, as well as foreign intelligence service collection efforts that use traditional methods to gauge cyber capabilities and intentions. However one of the hardest issues in cyber counterintelligence is the problem of "Attribution". Unlike conventional warfare, figuring out who is behind an attack can be very difficult, even though the Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has claimed that the United States has the capability to trace attacks back to their sources and hold the attackers "accountable". Considering all these cyber security problems, this paper examines closely cyber security issues through the lessons from that of U.S experience. For that purpose I review the arising cyber security issues considering changing global security environments in the 21st century and their implications to the reshaping the government system. For that purpose this study mainly deals with and emphasis the cyber security issues as one of the growing national security threats. This article also reviews what our intelligence and security Agencies should do among the transforming cyber space. At any rate, despite of all hot debates about the various legality and human rights issues derived from the cyber space and intelligence service activity, the national security should be secured. Therefore, this paper suggests that one of the most important and immediate step is to understanding the legal ideology of national security and national intelligence.

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Design of Daily Training Protocol for Field Crews Wearing Chemical Protective Clothing for Firefighting and Analysis of Activity (소방용 화학보호복 착용 현장대원의 일상 훈련용 프로토콜 설계 및 활동성 분석)

  • Kim, Si-Kuk;Lim, Woo-Sub;Hong, SungChul
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.110-121
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    • 2018
  • The present article is concerned with a study on the daily training protocol for field crews wearing chemical protection clothing for firefighting and the analysis of activity. To improve coping ability of & secure safety for firefighting crews initially incorporated in the fields of chemical accident & chemical terror, 10 steps in total of daily training protocol have been designed. The designed protocol is largely composed of the extensive activity protocol for daily adaptation of firefighting chemical protection clothing (steps 1, 2, 6, 7 & 9), the precision operation protocol utilizing hands (steps 3, 4 & 5), and the protocol requiring strong physical burdens (steps 8 & 10). According to the measurement results for activity as a result of the protocol, the average maximum heart rate upon wearing the firefighting chemical protection clothing was shown to increase by step 1 20.32%, step 2 18.69%, step 3 25.23%, step 4 34.77%, step 5 27.44%, step 6 30.24%, step 7 25.33%, step 8 22.25%, step 9 22.80% and step 10 20.85% compared with the time of not wearing them. The average maximum breathing rate was shown to increase by step 3 1.92%, step 4 4.11%, step 5 1.24%, step 6 3.95%, step 7 0.93%, step 8 10.23%, step 9 3.36% and step 10 15.10%, except for steps 1 & 2.

A Study on Logistics Security Recognition of Domestic Logistics Enterprises (국내물류기업의 물류보안 인식에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jea-Won;Ryu, Hyung-Geun;Yeon, Joung-Hum
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2010
  • After September 11 attacks, as recently the range about security of physical distribution is rapidly spreading temporally & spatially, and it considers that the demand of understanding about logistics company is more than that of the past, now is the time that to establish policy for a comprehensive and systematic support policy that targets the entire supply chain considering the competitive of logistics beyond the responsibility for security of the field of import and export simply. In this respect, this study has identified recognition of domestic logistics company about global logistics security system that has recently been implemented in the country, and this level of recognition has really examined what is the impact of its logistics competitiveness and an intention to invest in related areas in the future. Based on this, this study has also proposed the supporting promotion and education for the expansion of logistics security of government & related agencies and effective way promoting to establish policies regarding this.