• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2007

New mono- and bis-Cu(II)-triazacyclononane(tacn) complex that conjugated with 9-aminoacridine were synthesized, and their binding modes and DNA cleavage activity were investigated in this study. When the classic intercalator, 9-aminoacridine, was conjugated to mono- and bis-Cu(II)-tacn complexes, a significant red-shift and hypochromism in absorption spectrum was apparent in the acridine absorption region upon binding to DNA. Furthermore, the magnitude of the negative reduced linear dichroism signal in the substrate absorption region appeared to be larger than that in the DNA absorption region. These spectral observations indicated that the acridine moiety intercalated when the Cu(II)-tacn complex was conjugated. In contrast, from a close analysis of the circular and linear dichroism spectrum, the aminoacridine-free bis-Cu(II)-tacn complex was concluded to bind at the phosphate groups of DNA. The 9-aminoacridine-free-bis-Cu(II)-tacn complex produces the nicked and linear DNA. On the other hand, 9-aminoacridine conjugated mono-and bis-Cu(II)-tacn complexes showed unspecific binding with negligible DNA cleavage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.653-656
• /
• 1999

The effects of anthryl derivatives and 9-aminoacridine on the thermal melting profile of a poly(dA)[poly(dT)]₂triplex were compared 9-Aminoacridine stabilizes the triplex far more effectively than anthryl derivatives. The absorption and CD and LD spectroscopic characteristics of anthryl derivatives are similar to those of 9-aminoacridine when complexed with the triplex; the N atom of acridine, which can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, plays an important role in triplex stabilization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.358-362
• /
• 1996

The ionic strength dependent binding mode of 9-aminoacridine (9AA), a well-known DNA intercalator, to DNA is studied by flow linear dichroism, circular dichroism, fluorescence techniques and equilibrium dialysis. The DNA-bound 9AA exhibits spectral properties corresponding to the intercalative binding mode disregarding the salt concentrations; the angle between the long-axis transition moment of the 9AA molecule and DNA helix axis is calculated to be about 65°, indicating a significant deviation from the classical intercalation. At low salt concentrations, however, upwards bending curve in Stern-Volmer plot is observed (where 9AA is a fluorophore and DNA a quencher), indicating the coexistence of both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms or the existence of an additional binding site.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.810-814
• /
• 2013

The thermodynamic parameters for the intercalative interaction of structurally related well known intercalators, 9-aminoacridine (9AA) and proflavine (PF) were determined by means of fluorescence quenching study. The fluorescence intensity of 9AA decreased upon intercalation to DNA, poly[$d(A-T)_2$] and poly[$d(G-C)_2$]. A van't Hoff plot was constructed from the temperature-dependence of slope of the ratio of the fluorophore in the absence and presence of a quencher molecule with respect to the quencher concentration, which is known as a Stern-Volmer plot. Consequently, the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy and entropy change, for complex formation was calculated from the slope and y-intercept of the van't Hoff plot. The detailed thermodynamic profile has been elucidated the exothermic nature of complex formation. The complex formation of 9AA with DNA, poly[$d(A-T)_2$] and poly[$d(G-C)_2$] was energetically favorable with a similar negative Gibb's free energy. On the other hand, the entropy change appeared to be unfavorable for 9AA-poly[$d(G-C)_2$] complex formation, which was in contrast to that observed with native DNA and poly[$d(A-T)_2$] cases. The equilibrium constant for the intercalation of PF to poly[$d(G-C)_2$] was larger than that to DNA, and was the largest among sets tested despite the most unfavorable entropy change, which was compensated for by the largest favorable enthalpy. The favorable hydrogen bond contribution to the formation of the complexes was revealed from the analyzed thermodynamic data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.528-534
• /
• 1997

The conformation and stabilization effects of acridine derivatives 9-aminoacridine, an acridine with an aminoalkyl side chain, bis acridine (two acridines linked by an aminoalkyl side chain), and proflavin in the triplex helical poly(dA)·[poly(dT)]2 were investigated by optical spectroscopies. Based on the negative LD and weak positive CD in the acridine absorption wavelength region, we concluded that the acridine moiety of all derivatives are intercalated. We also examined the melting temperatures. Of all the compounds examined, the acridine with an amino alkyl side chain had the strongest effect on the stabilization of the third strand of a poly (dA)·[poly(dT)]2 triplex. The role of the side chain, based on this observation, is discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CP pharmacopunture using bacterial reverse mutation test. Methods: To determine the mutagenic potential of CP pharmacopunture, histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and tryptophan requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA, pKM101) strains were used. The negative (normal saline solution) and positive (Sodium azide, 2-Nitrofluorene, 2-Aminoanthracene, 9-Aminoacridine, and 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide) control groups were used. To determine the dose levels of the main study, a dose range-finding study was conducted. Results: As a results of the dose range-finding study, the growth inhibition by CP pharmacopunture was not evident at any dose levels in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. As a results of the main study, the mean number of revertant colonies was less than twice when compared to the negative control values at all dose levels of the CP pharmacopuncture in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, showing no dose-related increase. In the positive control group, the number of revertant colonies was markedly increased by more than twice when compared to the negative control group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, CP pharmacopunture did not show any signs of mutagenic potential.