• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.287-290
• /
• 2001

The 9.17MeV gamma-rays from the $^{13}C(p,\;{\gamma})^{14}N,\;^{14}N({\gamma},\;{\gamma})^{14}N$ reactions were measured. The incident 9.17MeV gamma-ray was produced from the $^{13}C(p,\;{\gamma})^{14}N$ reaction at Ep=1.75MeV resonance. The 1.75MeV proton beam was accelerated using the 3MV SNU-AMS Tandetron and 1.7MV KIGAM Tandem accelerators. The enriched 13C target was $121{\mu}g/cm^2$ self-supporting foil, and we used liquid nitrogen as a resonant absorption target. We used a HP-Ge detector with 30% efficiency and less 2keV energy resolution. We developed new method to detect the scattered 9.17MeV gamma-ray from the nitrogen target by using the energy difference between the Doppler shifted gamma-ray from the $^{13}C(p,\;{\gamma})^{14}N$ reaction and the resonant absorbed and rescattered gamma-ray from the $^{14}N({\gamma},\;{\gamma})^{14}N$ reaction.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the antagonism of useful microbes against soybean sprout rotting pathogens and their effect on the growth of soybean sprouts. The antagonism against soybean sprout rotting pathogens and the effect on the growth of soybean sprouts were examined by using P. areofacience 14H-3, P. fluorescens R1-12 and B. cereus Yell, bacteria were shown to inhibit mycellial growth of Rhizotonia solani strongly. The results of this study are summarized as follows. P. areofacience 14H-3 and B. cereus Yell were highly antagonistic against Rizoctonia solani, while they were especially highly antagonistic against bacterial diseases. The effect of inhibiting the proliferation of soybean sprout rotting pathogens was also examined by adding the culture solution for antagonistic bacteria to the PDA. Both P. areofacience 14H-3 and P. fluorescens Rl-12 showed the inhibition rate of 78.8%, while B. cereus Yell did 52.9%. The fresh weight and length of soybean sprouts were measured after raising them with added antagonistic microbes and culture medium. Soybean sprouts treated with B. cereus Yell showed increased higher, compared with those not treated with it. Soybean sprouts were also raised in the culture solution with antagonistic bacteria to examine the growth of soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts treated with the culture solution of 200 times showed better growth than those not treated with it. Analyze proximate composition in soybean sprout showed that moisture, ash, total sugar did not appear difference, but in case of crude protein B. cereus Yell(8.9%) increased about 2 times than control(3.6%), but occasion of crude fat and crude fiber were P. areofacience 14H-3, P. fluorescens Rl-12 increased about each 2 times than control. In occasion of vitamin, bacterial antagonist(9.4∼10.8mg%) was more higher than control(9.9mg%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2006

Changes of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) contents, toxicity and toxin composition with pH and storing periods at different temperature in toxic blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, were tested by using fluorometric HPLC method. Toxicity at pH 3 was the highest as 14.1 MU/g $(100\%)$ and showed 12.9 MU/g $(92.1\%)$ at pH 5, 9.0 MU/g $(63.8\%)$ at pH 7, 3.6 MU/g $(25.5\%)$ at pH 9 and 0.8 MU/g $(5.7\%)$ at pH 10 which suggested PSP was unstable at alkaline conditions. The decrease in toxicity during storage days was depend on pH and temperature. The toxicity markedly decreased until during the first S day storage $(19.9\~65.3\%)$ at all pH (3, 5, 7, 9) and temperature (30, 5, $-20^{\circ}C$), but, slightly decreased after then till to 30 days. C group toxin (C1 and C2) was the major components and other toxins such as GTX 1,2,3,4, STX and dcSTX were detected. Among the 8 toxins, GTX1,4, dcSTX and STX were firstly decreased according to the decreasing the toxicity at all processing conditions. The toxicity in blue mussel (14.1 MU/g) were able to remove by heating over 10 minutes at pH higher than 7.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 1989

The Kinetics of hydrolysis of styrylphenylsulfone derivatives in 50% methanol-water at 25$^{\circ}$C and ionic strength of 0.10 was investigated by UV spectrophotometry in the pH range of 0.0-14.0. The rate equations, which can be applied over a wide pH range, were obtained. The Hammett rho constants for the hydrolysis are 1.85 at pH 7.0 and 1.54 at pH 13.0, respectively. On the basis of the evidence, it is proposed that the general base-catalysis occurs in the hydrolysis of styrylphenylsulfone derivatives; above pH 11.0, Michael type nucleophilic addition take place, while below pH 9.0, the reaction is initiated by addition of water and from pH 9.0 to pH 11.0 these two reactions occur com-petitively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2014

Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported in all major types of leukemia with potential involvement in the inactivation of regulatory cell cycle and apoptosis genes. However, most of the previous reports did not show the extent of concurrent methylation of multiple genes in the four leukemia types. Here, we analyzed six key genes (p14, p15, p16, p53, DAPK and TMS1) for DNA methylation using methylation specific PCR to analyze peripheral blood of 78 leukemia patients (24 CML, 25 CLL, 12 AML, and 17 ALL) and 24 healthy volunteers. In CML, methylation was detected for p15 (11%), p16 (9%), p53 (23%) and DAPK (23%), in CLL, p14 (25%), p15 (19%), p16 (12%), p53 (17%) and DAPK (36%), in AML, p14 (8%), p15 (45%), p53 (9%) and DAPK (17%) and in ALL, p15 (14%), p16 (8%), and p53 (8%). This study highlighted an essential role of DAPK methylation in chronic leukemia in contrast to p15 methylation in the acute cases, whereas TMS1 hypermethylation was absent in all cases. Furthermore, hypermethylation of multiple genes per patient was observed, with obvious selectiveness in the 9p21 chromosomal region genes (p14, p15 and p16). Interestingly, methylation of p15 increased the risk of methylation in p53, and vice versa, by five folds (p=0.03) indicating possible synergistic epigenetic disruption of different phases of the cell cycle or between the cell cycle and apoptosis. The investigation of multiple relationships between methylated genes might shed light on tumor specific inactivation of the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1992

Levels of total lipids in the seeds of three species of the Pinaceae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were also analyzed by a gas-chromatograph equipped with a capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M. The results are summarized as follows: Lipid contents of the seeds amounted to 56.9% in P. koraiensis, 29.9% in P. thunbergii, and 21.2% in P. rigida. In all lipids 19${\sim}$20 fatty acid were detected and, surprisingly, fatty acids having ${\Delta}^5$-non-methylene interrupted conjugate double bond such as ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2},{\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}\;and\;{\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ occurred in appreciable amounts. In the lipids of P. koraiensis, the main component was $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.0%)$, followed by $C_18:1{\omega} _9(26.9%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(14.6%)$, and then ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.2%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ were also present. Levels of saturated fatty acid such as $C_{16:0}\;and\;C_{18:0}$ were as low as 7.5%. The seed oil of P. thunbergii predominantly comprised $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.2%)$, and was then occupied by equal amounts ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(18.1%)$ and $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(18.1%)$. Its ${\Delta}^5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}(5.8%)$ level was the highest in the samples tested. ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.8%)$ was also detected with other minor components. In the oils from the seeds of P. rigida, $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6$ was present as a main component, accompanied by $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(21.6%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(20.3%)$. The latter showed higher level than in any other samples. A minor component corresponding to ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12, 15}-C_{18:4}$(not confirmed by GC-Mass) occurred in P. thunbergii and P. rigida.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.9 no.10
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2019

This study is a descriptive research on the relationship among smartphone addiction, lack of sleep and sleeping hours of undergraduates. The subjects include 280 students enrolled in G university and data were collected from Sep. 6 to Oct. 10, 2018. On average, each score of smartphone addiction, sleeping hours and lack of sleep was $34.79{\pm}7.6$, $6.43{\pm}1.34$ and $10.14{\pm}3.14$ respectively. Smartphone addition had a significantly positive correlation with lack of sleep(r=.277, p<0.01) and a positive correlation with its sub-areas, such as disability in daily life(r=.269, p<0.01), virtual(r=.151, p<0.01), withdrawal(r=.303, p<0.01), tolerance(r=.184, p<0.01). The education and counselling for preventing undergraduates from smartphone addiction and further studies on them are required.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2000

This study was to analyze the chamical components of the pollens of Pinus rigida and P. koraensis and to investigate the optimal conditions for pollen pulverization. The results are as follow: (1) The contents of moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude filber and carbohydrate in the pollen of P. rigida were 9.9%, 2.5%, 13.1% 2.9% 7.5% 64.1% respectively, while those of P. koraiensis were 9.8%, 2.1%, 11.1% 2.8% 8.1% 66.1% respectively. All the contents of P. rigida and P. koraiensis were much higher than those of general crop grains. (2) Eighteen different amino acids were detected in the pollen of P. rigida and P. koraiensis. Among them, ten essential amino acids were indentified, which showed high nutritions values. (3) The contents of vitamin A, B1, B2, C, and E in the pollen of P. rigida were 8.7 mg, 10.1 mg, 15.9 mg, 32.9 mg, 1.9 mg, respectively, while those of in the pollen of P. koraiensis were 7.9 mg, 9.7 mg, 14.5 mg, 34.2 mg, and 2.5 mg respectively. Vitamin C among them was abundant. (4)When the pollen grains of P. prigida was pulverized for 50minutes at 5,000rpm and P. koraiensis for 40 minutes at 5,000rpm by Overhead stirrer, the 100% of pollen was pulverized.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 1974

1. Stylochus ijimai spawns from May to October with peak spawning from July to September, P. obscurus spawns from June to October with peak spawning from July to September. 2. S. ijimai spawns approximately 96,000-132,000 eggs by one spawning. 1. Just after spawnings, the eggs of S. ijimai were $102\mu$ in diameter, and those of P. obscurus were $108\mu$. 4. S. ijimai and P. obscurus have simple eggs. S. ijimai develop indirectly having Gotte larvae, while P. obscurus develop directly. 5. These two species show very similar patterns of early developments from maturation division of eggs to the gastrula stage. 6. The zygots of S. ijimai reaches mesentoblast stage 48 hours after fertilization, and Gotte larvae hatch out 7 days after fertilization. The zygots of P. obscurus reaches mesentoblast stage 72 hours after fertilization, and juveniles hatch out 14 days after fertilization. 7. S. ijimai, have 14 days of planktonic larvae stages bearing strong phototacic behavior : P. obscurus have 7 days of planktonic life without phototacic behavior. 8. Newly hatched larvae of S. ijimai and P. obscurus are $138\mu\;and\;170\mu$ in length respectively. The early creeping forms of S. ijimai and P. obscurus are $152\mu\;and\;185\mu$ in length respectively. 9. In the early creeping stage S. ijimai are characterized by testing processes and flattening of the body. In the same stage P. obscurus lost 2 eye-spots in the cerebral area. 10. The early creeping larvae of these two species were found only in mud-flat substrates.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 1997

The crystal structure of isoimperatorin, f-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one, has been determined from single crystal x-ray diffraction study; C16H14O4, Monoclinic, P21/c, a=8.865(1) Å, b=9.331(1) Å, c=16.156(1) Å, β=98.12(1)', V=1322.9(2) Å3, T=293(2)K, z=4, Cu Kα(λ=1.5418 Å). The structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least squares to a final R=5.72% for 1922 unique observed Fo>4o(F0) reflections and 182 parameters.