• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diabetes education program implemented in a community hypertension and diabetes education center. Methods: Participants were thirty nine diabetic patients who received the education program in the center from May 2014 through May 2015. The education program consisted of two sessions for 2 days (45 minutes per session) regarding clinical information, nutrition and exercise for type 2 diabetes patients. Initially, they were assessed for general characteristics, knowledge on diabetes, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors. Reassessment was performed on their knowledge and self-efficacy directly after the program, and on self-care behaviors at 12 weeks after the program. Results: The mean score of diabetes knowledge was significantly increased from $5.27{\pm}2.10$ to $8.21{\pm}1.20$ (p<0.001) between before and after the program. The self-efficacy score was also significantly increased from $6.88{\pm}1.72$ to $8.16{\pm}1.47$ (p<0.001). The self-care behavior score was significantly increased from $3.59{\pm}1.89$ before the program to $4.35{\pm}1.29$ (p<0.001) at 12 weeks after the program. Conclusion: The diabetes education program may be effective on the improvement of knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

Background: Actigraphy is a reliable and valid method for assessing sleep in normal, healthy populations, but it may be less reliable and valid for detecting disturbed sleep in patients. In this study, we attempted to assess the utility of actigraphy in the estimation of sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a major sleep disorder. Method: We analyzed the data of patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy simultaneously for one night at the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital from November 2004 to March 2006. Eighty-nine subjects with OSAS alone and 21 subjects with OSAS and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) were included for final data analyses between groups. Polysomnographic and actigraphic data were also compared. Results: In subjects with mild OSAS (RDI<15), modretae ($15{\leq}RDI$<30), and OSAS with PLMD, PSG and actigraphy did not show significant difference in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. However in severe ($30{\leq}RDI$) OSAS subjects, PSG and actigraphy showed significant difference in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. In all patients, no correlations were found between sleep parameters from PSG and from those using actigraphy. Conclusions: We suggest that in severe OSAS patients, PSG is the diagnostic tool. In mild and moderate cases, actigraphy might be used as a screening tool.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.354-363
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• 2001

Background : Although lung involvement has been reported in 5 to 46% of dermatomyositis/polymyositis(DM/PM) patients, reports of the condition in Korea are rare. This study evaluated the clinical features of lung involvement in DM/PM patients. Methods : The medical records, laboratory results and radiologic findings of 79 DM/pM patients, who attended the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) between 1989 and 1999, were reviewed retrospectively. Results : A total 79 patients of whom 24 patients(33%) showed lung involvement, were enrolled in this study. More patients with lung involvement were female(F:M=11:1), and older compared with those without lung involvement. Patients with lung involvement presented with dyspnea(79%), coughing(67%), an elevated ESR, and CK/LD. Anti-Jo 1 antibody test was positive in 30%, which is significantly higher in patients with lung involvement. A simple chest X-ray of the patients with lung involvement exhibited reticular opacity(50%), reticulonodular opacity(30%), patchy opacity(29%), nodular opacity(13%) and linear opacity(4%). HRCT(n=24) showed ground glass opacity(75%), linear or septal thickening(50%), patchy consolidation(42%), honey-combing(33%) and nodular opacity(17%). The pulmonary function test showed a restrictive ventilatory pattern(77%) and a lower diffusing capacity(62%). The patients were followed up during a mean duration of $30{\pm}28$ months. They were treated with steroid only(50%) or a combination of steroids and cytotoxic agents(46%). Muscle symptoms were improved in 89% with treatment, but an improvement in the respiratory symptoms or in the pulmonary function test was rare. Patients with lung involvement had a higher mortality rate(21%) than those without lung involvement(10%) during the follow-up periods. Conclusion : DM/PM patients with lung involvement were mostly female, older and had a higher positive rate Anti-Jo 1 antibodies, but there was no significant difference in prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1134-1140
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• 2002

Purpose : Childhood accidents have been increasing recently. Accidents rank as the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. We performed this study to evaluate the causes of childhood accidents. Methods : The authors analysed retrospectively the medical records of 6,410 cases of childhood accidental injuries who visited the emergency room of Asan Medical Center from January 1990 to December 1999. Results : The most common type of accidents was trauma which accounted for 5,038 cases of the total accidents, followed by falls, burns, foreign body aspiration, and poisoning. The most common age of foreign body aspiration was under two years old and the male to female ratio was 2 to 1. The most common site of foreign body aspiration was the esophagus and the stomach, followed by the respiratory tract. In airways, the right and left main bronchus were the most common site for foreign body aspiration and were accompanied by the highest mortality. The most common foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract were coins and peanuts, respectively. Conclusion : The most common cause of accidents was trauma, followed by falls, burns, foreign body aspiration, and poisoning. The incidence of foreign body aspiration and poisoning is increasing in infants. In cases of foreign bodies in airways, proper management is needed because of the high mortality rate.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and abdominal ultrasonogra- phic(US) features of spontaneously reduced transient small bowel intussusception in chlidren. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and US findings of 98 children with intussusception who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Ulsan Dong-Kang General Hospital from Mar. 1999 to Feb. 2000. Results: 1) Among 98 cases, there were 12 cases (12.3%) of transient small bowel intussusception(TSBI) and 86 cases (87.7%) of classic intussusception (CI). 2) The peak incidence of age in TSBI was over 3 years, which was older than that in CI. With regard to sex distribution, male predominated in both type. 3) Clinical symptoms and signs including cyclic irritability, vomiting, bloody stool, and abdominal mass in TSBI group were less common than those in CI group (41.7%, 33.4%, 0.0%, 0.0% vs 91.9%, 59.3%, 41.9%, 26.7%, respectively) but persistent abdominal pain was more common in TSBI group than in CI group (58.5% vs 11.2%). 4) The size of total target sign and surrounding peripheral hypoechoic rim of TSBI group on US were smaller than those of CI group ($11.95{\pm}2.61$ mm, $2.08{\pm}1.15$ mm vs $26.91{\pm}5.98$ mm, $7.86{\pm}2.77$ mm, respectively). 5) Concomittant illness was found more frequently in TSBI group than in CI group (66.7% vs 26.7%). 6) All case of TSBI group were reduced spontaneouly, which were confirmed by US, but none of CI group. Conclusion: Transient small bowel intussusception is probably more common than generally thought and its clinical and US findings is quite different from classical obstructing intussus-ception. Because all of our cases resulted in spontaneous reduction, we recommend careful observation and repeat examination rather than an immediate operation in transient small bowel intussusception.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to determine the economic housing density levels on caged laying hens The experiment was carried out with 600 ISA Babcock strain of white coder and 450 ISA Brown strain of brown color for production period(21－72 weeks) from May 11. 1987 to June 27. 1988. The levels of housing density was employed 5 or 6 by hen's color from 272 to 920$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen. The results obtained were summarzed as follows ： 1. Although there were not statistically significant among the housing density levels, The body weight gain for pullet period(14－20 weeks) were in case of white pullet the lowest at the group of high crowding density (272$\textrm{cm}^2$/per pullet) and in case of Brown pullet was the lowest at the group of high crowding density(306$\textrm{cm}^2$/per pullet). 2. Viabillity of pullet from 14 to 20 weeks were more 97% and there urere not statistically significant among the housing density. 3. Viabillity of laying hens was increased as increasing housing density through the etire product period(21－72 weeks) but 453$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen group(in case of brown hen) showed a significant difference (P＜.05). 4. Rate of egg production through the etire production period(21－72 weeks) were significantly increased by increasing housing density (P＜.05 or .01). 5. Average egg weight through the entire production period(21－72 weeks) was not significantly different among housing density levels at all laying kent 6. In case of white strain, egg mass per hen among treatment during the age of 63－72 weeks were decreased by increasing housing density, meanwhile, in case of brown strain were increased by decreasing housing density during the whole period and there were significant different among the all treatment 7. There were no significant different in feed intake among the all treatment through the entire production period(21－72 weeks) at the white strain laying hens but in case of brown strains, Feed intake were increased by increasing housing density and feeding spece/per hen, and there were significant different among the all treatment 8. Feed requirements per egg at white strain was the highest when the 272$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen levels and at the brown strains was the highest when the 306$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen levels, however, among the other treatment were no significant.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2008

Purpose : This study examined the occurrence of oxygen desaturation events during nutritive sucking in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its effects on feeding and growth outcomes until 4 months of corrected age (CA). Methods : Thirty-four premature infants with BPD free from major cardiac, gastrointestinal, respiratory anomalies were included. By reviewing medical records, clinical characteristics, feeding conditions at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA), we focused on oxygen desaturation, and short-term outcomes in 14 infants with no or mild desaturation (group A) and in 20 infants with moderate or severe desaturation (group B). Results : Group B had lower birth weight and shorter gestational age at birth, longer duration of hospitalization, was discharged at higher weeks of PMA, and needed ventilatory assist and oxygen supplementation longer than group A (P<0.05). Group B started nutritive sucking later, with a greater decrease in $SpO_2$ during sucking, being more indicative of feeding problems at 40 weeks of PMA, but not at 4 months of CA. Percent of infant needing oxygen supplementation and percent of infants with growth failure were not different between groups at 40 weeks of PMA and 4 months of CA. Body weight and growth velocity differences noted at 40 weeks of PMA became insignificant at 4 months of CA. Conclusion : The severity of desaturation during nutritive sucking in premature infants with BPD influenced the infant's feeding and growth at 40 weeks of PMA. However, it disappeared at 4 months of CA.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze agricultural accident and disease using statistical data and materials about National Survey for Health & Nutrition in 2001 and to provide fundamental materials for studies about farmers' health and safety, decision of priority about research and policy. Results: Diagnosed chronic disease prevalence is 72.4% in farmer/fisher group, 49.8% in non farmer/fisher group. The chronic disease prevalence of musculoskeletal disease, circulatory disease, and gastroenteric disease is 46.5%, 18.2%, and 17.9% in farmer/fisher group respectively. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disease in farmer/fisher is 2.4 times higher than non farmer/fisher. This result shows that it need to evaluation for risk factors of musculoskeletal disease preferentially. Lifetime accident/poisoning rate is 18.2% In farmer/fisher group and 13.3% in non farmer/fisher group. The types of accidents were fracture>sprain>contusion and the reasons of accidents were traffic accident>falling/sliding. Conclusions: "Bad or very bad" response of farmer/fisher is almost 2 times higher than non farmer/fisher group. The rate of smoking and no exercising in farmer/fisher group is higher than non farmer/fisher group.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

Insect pests of eggplant, pepper, Chinese cabbage, watermelon, cucumber, melon, and tomato seedlings were surveyed in eleven propagation houses from 1998 to 1999. Ten species of insect pests of nine genera in eight families, two species of mites of one genus in one family, and three species of slugsor snails in three genera belonging to two families were found from the observed seedlings but Bradysia agrestis was the most serious pest out of them. Thus, occurrence and damage of B. agrestis were investigated in two propagation houses all the year round. In the observation of seedling mortalities of seven crops in May, July, October and the following February, only watermelon seedlings were withered and dead by the larva of B. agrestis with different mortality depending on time representing 81.9%, 41.3%, 54.9%, and 79.1%, respectively. All the developmental stages of B. agrestis were found every month throughout the year. Larval density and adult density were different according to season with the highest numbers in May showing 34.9 and 407.4, respectively. Mortality of watermelon seedlings was higher in April and May than the other months showing 83.3% in April and 82.4% in May. The number of adults attracted to sticky trap was also different depending on card colour. The number of adults was much higher on yellow sticky card (326.2) than blue sticky card (20.2). In the investigation of the number of adults on yellow sticky card at 25 cm and 120 cm above the bench and 10 cm under the bench, more numbers of adults were caught at 25 cm above the bench (273.7) and 10 cm under the bench (320.1) than 120 cm above the bench (27.9). Mortalities of cucumber, pepper, and watermelon seedlings after transplanting in greenhouses were not significantly different depending on culture method.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, discomfort, spirituality, physical care, and opioid use on pain with terminally ill cancer patients in the hospice units. Method : The convenient sample of this study consisted of 58 terminally ill cancer patients at three hospice units in university-affiliated hospitals. Patients were interviewed with structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate multiple regression. Result : The results of this study were as follows : 1) The mean age of the participants was approximately 57 years. Regarding diagnosis, stomach cancer showed the highest frequency (24.1%), followed by lung cancer (17.2%) and rectal cancer (13.8%). Regarding motivation for admission to the hospice unit, the majority of the participants indicated pain control (67.2%), followed by spiritual care (39.7%), and symptom relief (27.6%). 2) The mean pain level measured by VAS was 5.13 (${\pm}2.61$). Regarding pain type, the highest pain frequency the participants experienced was deep pain (53.4%), followed by multiple pain (20.7%), intestinal pain (17.3%), and neurogenic (5.2%) and superficial pain (3.4%). 3) Regarding the factors influencing pain, the pain level was significantly affected by the depression level (P<0.01) and the opioid use (P<0.01). Conclusion, In summary, the higher the level of pain the terminally ill cancer patents had the higher the depression level as well as the opioid use. Thus, health care professionals need to continuously provide holistic care for them to die comfortably.