• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.797-802
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• 2009

To control degradation rate of biodegradable poly(lactide)s (PLA), the stereochemical PLAs with different ratios of d-lactide and l-lactide units were synthesized by the ring open polymerization and the their degradation kinetics were measured by a Langmuir film balance. The alkaline (pH=11) degradation of poly(l-lactide) (l-PLA) monolayer showed the faster rate at a surface pressure of 4 mN/m in the ranges from to 0 to 7 mN/m. However, the enzymatic degradation of l-PLA with Proteinase K did not occur until 4 mN/m. Above a constant surface pressure of 4 mN/m, the degradation rate was increased with a constant surface pressure. These behaviors might be attributed to the difference in the contacted area with degradation medium: alkaline ions need small contact area with l-PLA while enzymes require much bigger one to be activated due to different medium sizes. The stereochmical PLA monolayers showed that the alkaline degradation was increased with their optical impurities while the enzymatic one was inversed. These results could be explained by the decrease of crystallinity with the optical impurity and the inactivity of enzyme to d-LA unit.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

Bribery is one of the world's most destructive and challenging issues. Yet despite efforts on national and international levels to tackle bribery, it remains a significant issue. Recognizing this, ISO has developed a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture, which is "ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems" in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. It is a flexible tool, which can be adapted according to the size and nature of the organization and the bribery risk it faces. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standard, harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. Only about 100 organizations, however, have adopted ISO 37001 so far. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the expectation and awareness of ISO 37001. Results show that still many organizations lack of awareness of ISO 37001 and it is implicated that much promotion and education will be necessary. This study has originality and value in that it can provide the guidelines for activation of ISO 37001.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

다수의 무선 랜들이 서로 가까이 설치되는 경우 서로 다른 무선 랜의 액세스 포인트 (AP)나 스테이션에서 전송되는 신호들이 간섭을 일으킨다. 무선 랜들이 동일한 채널을 사용하도록 설정된 경우 AP나 스테이션들에서 발생되는 신호의 충돌로 인하여 사용자 스테이션들에게 지연이 커지고 전송효율이 떨어진다. 이 논문에서는 공간적으로 중첩된 어떤 무선 랜의 AP가 동일한 채널을 사용하는 다른 무선 랜이 존재하는 사실을 탐지하고 사용되지 않는 새로운 채널로 옮기는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법으로 공간적으로 중첩된 무선 랜에서 동일한 무선채널의 사용을 회피할 수 있게 된다. 제안된 방법에 대해 모의실험이 수행되었고 결과 분석을 통해 제안된 방법의 특성을 설명하였다. 전송효율로 측정된 결과는 제안된 방법으로 무선 랜이 중첩되는 문제가 해결됨을 보여준다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.5150-5169
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• 2015

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are the best choice when mobility, scalability, and decentralized network infrastructure are needed. Because of critical mission applications of MANETs, network security is the vital requirement. Most routing protocols in MANETs assume that every node in the network is trustworthy. However, due to the open medium, the wide distribution, and the lack of nodes' physical protection, attackers can easily compromise MANETs by inserting misbehaving nodes into the network that make blackhole attacks. Previous research to detect the misbehaving nodes in MANETs used the overhearing methods, or additional ACKnowledgement (ACK) packets to confirm the reception of data packets. In this paper a special lightweight acknowledgement-based method is developed that, contrary to existing methods, it uses ACK packets of MAC layer instead of adding new ACK packets to the network layer for confirmations. In fact, this novel method, named PIGACK, uses ACK packets of MAC 802.11 to piggyback confirmations from a receiver to a sender in the same transmission duration that the sender sends a data packet to the receiver. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed method considerably decreases the network overhead and increases the packet delivery ratio compared to the well-known method (2ACK).

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2012

협력통신용 MAC 프로토콜은 주파수 자원이 한정된 무선통신망에서 프레임 전송속도를 증가시키는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 논문에서는 협력통신용 MAC 프로토콜 기법에서 매우 중요한 협력노드를 선정하는 방법에 대하여 연구를 수행하였으며, 선행연구로서 기존에 제안된 도움노드 선정기법들을 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 성능평가를 직접 수행하여 성능결과를 서로 비교하였고, 각 기법의 장단점을 분석하였다. 성능평가 척도로는 시스템 처리량을 사용하였으며, 각 통신노드는 IEEE 802.11b 무선 랜 프로토콜을 사용하여 주어진 통신영역 내에서 자유롭게 이동하는 random way point 이동성 모델을 사용하였다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2006년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.33 No.2 (D)
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• pp.576-580
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• 2006

Snoop 프로토콜은 무선 랜 환경에서 발생하는 TCP 패킷 손실을 효과적으로 보상하여 TCP 전송률을 향상시킬 수 있는 효율적인 프로토콜이다. 하지만, 무선 링크에서 Burst loss가 발생하는 경우에는 지역 재전송을 효과적으로 수행하지 못하여 전송 효율이 떨어진다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Snoop 프로토콜의 이러한 문제점을 개선하기위해 cross layer 기법을 적용한 지역 재전송 기법인 $A^2Snoop$ (ARQ Assistance Snoop) 프로토콜을 제안한다. $A^2Snoop$ 프로토콜은 현재 무선 랜 환경에서 가장 널리 사용되는 IEEE 802.11 MAC 프로토콜 기반의 지역 재전송 메커니즘으로서, MAC 계층의 ARQ 기법의 메시지와 새로이 제안된 지역 재전송 타이머에 의해 효율적인 재전송을 수행한다. ns-2 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 통해 $A^2Snoop$의 지역 재전송 기법은 무선 구간의 Burst loss에 대해 효율적인 보상을 수행하며, 이동 단말의 에너지 효율성을 향상시키는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.608-627
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• 2016

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) based on IEEE 802.11s have emerged as one of the prominent technologies in multi-hop communications. However, the deployment of WMNs suffers from serious interference problem which severely limits the system capacity. Using multiple radios for each mesh router over multiple channels, the interference can be reduced and improve system capacity. Nevertheless, interference cannot be completely eliminated due to the limited number of available channels. An effective approach to mitigate interference is to apply dynamic channel switching (DCS) in WMNs. Conventional DCS schemes trigger channel switching if interference is detected or exceeds a predefined threshold which might cause unnecessary channel switching and long protocol overheads. In this paper, a P-learning based dynamic switching algorithm known as learning automaton (LA)-based DCS algorithm is proposed. Initially, an optimal channel for communicating node pairs is determined through the learning process. Then, a novel switching metric is introduced in our LA-based DCS algorithm to avoid unnecessary initialization of channel switching. Hence, the proposed LA-based DCS algorithm enables each pair of communicating mesh nodes to communicate over the least loaded channels and consequently improve network performance.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

In this study, the unmanned vehicle to develop a preliminary step, we were facilities for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) simulator is designed and implemented. Industry is increasingly the more advanced automation and management systems need to be efficient. These studies are at least 24-hour continuous unmanned vehicles and personnel can result in reduction of labor costs. In addition, safety accidents can be minimized in the industry as an effect of intelligent AGV is essential. This study is the initial step for the development of AGV. manufactured simulator to Simulation and drives the performance of the system is evaluated. The configuration of the simulator, ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, and using the obstacle were to follow a given path. In addition, two-way communication between the host computer and the main processor that was. communication method that IEE802.11 meets the standard is applied to high-speed wireless LAN systems, each of the sensor information is calculated. AGV having a drive shaft 4 of the four wheels are respectively independent structure. AGV's main processor is driven using a high-performance DSP, and the controller controls the steering device of the load could be significantly reduced.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제16C권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

인터넷의 사용이 증가하면서 다양한 네트워크 접근 기술이 개발 되었다. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)은 네트워크 접근 시 요구되는 인증 과정을 지원하는 프로토콜이다. EAP는 다양한 인증 기법을 지원할 수 있는 확장성과 유연성 때문에 대부분의 네트워크 환경에서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 EAP의 가장 핵심적인 특성인 "lock-step" 흐름 제어는 에러 복구, 재전송 메커니즘에 영향을 주어 EAP는 물론 전체 인증과정의 성능을 크게 저하 시킨다. 본 논문은 EAP의 성능 저하 효과를 분석하고 새로운 흐름 제어 방식을 제안한다. NS-2를 사용한 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 제안한 흐름 제어 방식을 적용한 EAP는 최대 53% 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.801-802
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• 2009

Currently, XML and its schema language have become the standard for data representation and information exchange format on the current web. Unfortunately, problems happen when integrating different data sources since XML mainly supports the document structure but lack consideration on sharing knowledge of data. Meanwhile, Semantic Web technologies, such as Web Ontology Language (OWL), can include the structure as well as the semantics of the data. Therefore, finding a way to integrate XML data as OWL ontology receives a high interest nowadays. In this paper we present a mapping notation to convert XML Schema to OWL domain knowledge and an effective method to transform XML instances into OWL individuals. While keeping the XML original structure, our work also adds more semantics for the XML document. Moreover, whole of the transformation processes are done automatically without any user interference. Further, our transforming approach provides the solution for duplicate element names in XML document which has not mentioned in the previous work. Our results in existing OWL syntaxes can be loaded immediately by OWL editors and Semantic Web applications.