• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.355-380
• /
• 2015

China has been experiencing a series of changes after gradually opening up its society. Such changes have now seeped into almost every sector of the society, leading to overall change. While the political system has been maintained without much change, the structure of life for Chinese has undergone a shift, especially in the sectors related to industry or the economy. The Chinese have adopted capitalism in their own way, leading to fast growth in their industries. Those who were born in the 1980s amidst such change (so-called the post-80s generation) are now playing a major role in Chinese society. Understanding this generation can help understand some of the most important phenomena in today's China. Therefore the language used by this generation is in particular meaningful as language often reflects the society it is used in. This study focuses on the newly created words arising from the lifestyles of the post-80s generation to better understand how the China's move towards a more open society over the past three decades have brought about changes. The work culture and consumption styles of the post-80s generation are also showing some collective characteristics. As such, a review of newly created Chinese words related to this generation is expected to increase understanding of the overall Chinese society and Chinese culture of today.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.384-390
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to improve the availability of underwater sound by the fundamental data on the hearing ability of Redlip croaker Pseudosciaena polyactis, which is cultured according to the cultivation technology, recently. The auditory thresholds of Redlip croaker were determined at 6 frequencies from 80Hz to 800Hz by heartbeat conditioning method using pure tones coupled with a delayed electric shock. The audible range of the Redlip croaker extended from 80Hz to 800Hz with the best sensitive frequency range including little difference in hearing ability from 80Hz to 500Hz. In addition, the auditory thresholds over 800Hz increased rapidly. The mean auditory thresholds of the Redlip croaker at the test frequencies from 80Hz to 800Hz were 90.7dB, 93.4dB, 92.9dB, 94.4dB, 95.5dB and 108dB, respectively. Auditory masking for the redlip croaker was measured using masking stimuli with the spectrum level range of about 66, 71, 75dB (0dB re $1{\mu}Pa/{\sqrt{Hz}}$). According to white noise level, the auditory thresholds increased as compared with thresholds in a quiet background noise. The Auditory masking by the white noise spectrum level was stared over about 70dB within 80~500Hz. Critical ratio ranged from minimum 20.7dB to maximum 25.5dB at test frequencies of 80Hz~500Hz.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2002

60세 이상의 노인에서 나타나는 노인성 백내장과 군날개의 분포와 이들 안질환과 시력과의 관계를 228명 456안을 대상으로 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 백내장과 군날개를 가진 사람은 총 검사대상 228명(456안)가운데 125명(250안)으로 54.8%로 조사되었고, 125명 가운데 백내장은 44.8%, 군날개 55.2%로 조사되었다. 백내장의 연령별 유병율은 60대가 46.4%, 70대 37.5%, 80대 이상에서 16.1%로 조사되었다. 백내장을 가진 사람의 교정시력은 0.1이하가 14.3%, 0.1~0.3이 14.3%, 0.4~0.6이 36.6%, 0.7 이상이 40.2%로 안경으로 시력교정 후에도 정상적인 시생활을 할 수 없는 사람이 59.8%로 조사되었다. 군날개의 연령별 유병율은 60대 60.9%, 70대 26.1%, 80대 이상에서 13%로 조사되었고, 군날개를 가진 사람의 교정시력은 0.1이하가 5.1%, 0.1~0.3이 5.8%, 0.4~0.6이 20.3%, 0.7이상이 68.8%로 조사되었다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.12-26
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine what types of customized nursing intervention for the elderly were most effective by looking at age group difference and other factors related to ego integrity. Methods: A secondary analysis was used with 104 elderly people. The data were analyzed using $\chi^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression. Results: For those 80 and older, powerlessness was higher than for those in their 60s and 70s. The factors influencing ego integrity for those in their 60s were powerlessness, economic condition, source of discretionary money, and health condition; for those in their 70s - life satisfaction, self-esteem, and health condition; and for those 80 and older - life satisfaction and source of discretionary money. Conclusion: In nursing for the elderly, age differences should be taken into consideration. The study suggests that for people in their 60s, the creation of jobs that allow them to earn money is important. For people in their 70s over, offering of health care and self-esteem programs through community health centers are equally important. For people in their 80s over, nursing programs for advocacy, support, and psychological care are needed in order to elevate their life satisfaction.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2011

$Lactobacillus$ $jensenii$ YW-33이 생산하는 생물응집제의 활성본체를 규명하고자 응집물질을 분리, 정제하고 그 특성을 검토하고자 하였다. 생물응집제의 활성 본체를 조사하기 위하여 배양액을 원심분리하여 균체 자체와 균체를 제거한 상등액을 비교한 결과 균체를 제거한 상등액이 86%로 높은 응집활성을 나타냈다. 또한 pronase 처리와 periodate 산화를 행한 결과 pronase로 처리한 시료는 무처리군과 비교하여 차이가 없었던 반면 periodate로 산화시킨 시료는 응집활성이 크게 감소함에 따라 다당에 기인되는 것으로 추정되었다. 균체가 제거된 상등액을 감압, 농축하여 EtOH 60~80%의 농도로 분획한 결과 LJ-80을 얻었다. 분리된 LJ-80을 DEAE-Toyopearl 650C chromatography, Sepharose CL-6B chromatography을 이용하여 최종 정제된 LJ-80-II-1을 분리하였으며 HPLC 분석에 의해 순도를 확인했다. 정제된 LJ-80-II-1의 분자량은 약 800,000 이상이며 총당이 98.4%, 단백질이 0.6%으로 mannose : galactose : glucose가 1.61 : 0.25 : 1.00의 molecule ratio을 가지고 있었다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.80.2-80.2
• /
• 2017

We present chemical and kinematic properties of the Milky Way's halo system investigated by carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We first map out fractions of CEMP-no stars (those having no over-abundances of neutron-capture elements) and CEMP-s stars (those with over-enhancements of the s-process elements) in the inner- and outer-halo populations, separated by their spatial distribution of carbonicity ([C/Fe]). Among CEMP stars, the CEMP-no and CEMP-s objects are classified by different levels of absolute carbon abundances, A(C). We investigate characteristics of rotation velocity and orbital eccentric for these subclasses for each halo population. Any distinct kinematic features identified between the two categories in each halo region provide important clues on the origin of the dichotomy of the Galactic halo.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.1381-1388
• /
• 2013

In order to improve the availability of underwater sound by the fundamental data on the hearing ability, the auditory thresholds for the bambooleaf wrasse pseudolabrus japonicus were determined at 80Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 500Hz and 800Hz by heartbeat conditioning method using pure tones coupled with a delayed electric shock. The audible range of the bambooleaf wrasse extended from 80Hz to 800Hz with the best sensitivity around 100Hz and 200Hz. In addition, the auditory thresholds over 300Hz increased rapidly. The mean auditory thresholds of the bambooleaf wrasse at the test frequencies, 80Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 500Hz and 800Hz were 100dB, 95.1dB, 94.8dB, 109dB, 121dB and 125dB, respectively. Auditory critical ratios for the bambooleaf wrasse were measured using masking stimuli with the spectrum level range of about 70, 74, 78dB (0dB re $1{\mu}Pa/\sqrt{Hz}$). According to white noise level, the auditory thresholds increased as compared with thresholds in a quiet background noise. The Auditory masking by the white noise spectrum level was stared over about 60dB within 80~300Hz. Critical ratios to be measured at frequencies from 80Hz to 300Hz were minimum 33dB and maximum 39dB.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1992

3 mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 powders were prepared by hydrolysis with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mol/ιH2O/ethanol into 0.1 mol/ι zirconium and yttrium alkoside/ethanol. Spherical monodispersed yttria-partially stabilized zirconia particles with an average diameter of about 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were prepared by hydrolysis with 0.2 mol/ιH2O/ethanol. The as-prepared powder was amorphous and with heating it transformed into cubic up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ and into tetragonal over 100$0^{\circ}C$. 3 mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 powders calcined over and up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ were a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic and only tetragonal as determined by X-ray diffraction, respectively.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2011

초고령(80세 이상) 사망률에 대한 양적, 질적 자료의 결여는 한국의 초고령 사망률에 대한 체계적인 연구의 최대 걸림돌이 되어 왔다. 그러나 세계가 경험해 보지 못한 한국의 급속한 고령화는 미래의 인구구조의 근본적인 변화를 초래하게 되어 초고령 사망률의 수준, 패턴, 그리고 추이분석은 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 과제가 되었다. 사망률 추이는 80세 이상(80+) 또는 85세 이상(85+)로 절단된 형태의 과거 사망률 자료를 115세까지의 각 세별 사망률로 확장하여 분석될 수 있다. 이러한 확장은 한국형 표준사망률의 작성이 우선되어야 가능하며 이 표준사망률을 통해 한국의 초고령 사망률의 수준과 패턴의 파악이 가능해진다. 한국형 표준 사망률의 작성은 하나의 관계모형과 11개의 함수로부터 도출되며, 성별로 최적의 모형은 적합도를 측정하는 세 가지의 통계량과 사망률의 세 가지 일치성을 기준으로 선택되었다. 본 논문에서는 작성된 표준사망률을 이용하여 과거의 절단된 사망률을 확장하였고 이 확장 과정에서 필연적으로 발생하는 종단면적인 사망률의 일치성을 해결하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the operation characteristics with aeration time in intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor. The BOD removal efficiency rate of this process was over than 97% regardless of aeration on/off time. To get over than 82% of nitrogen removal efficiency rate, aeration off time needs more than 70 minutes in reactor. Specific denitrfication rate was 2.68 mg $NO_3-N/gMv/hr$ in 40/80 min aeration on/off time, was 2.6 times more than 60/60 min, and 1.4 times more than 50/70 min in 6,300 mg/L of MLSS concentration. Specific nitrification rate was 1.96 mg $NH_4-N/gMv/hr$ in 50/70 min, was 1.4 times more than 40/80 min, but it was effectded little upon nitrification. Microbial activity was effected little according to aeration on/off time, oxygen demend was reduced according to aeration off time increased and microbial concentration increased. The longer aeration off time become, the higher Extraceller Pollymeric Substance (EPS), 50/70 min and 40/80 min in aeration on/off time was increased 1.6 times and 2.7 times, respectively more than 60/60 min because of increase of operation pressure.