• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of calcium and vitamin D to the titanium implant osseointegration in the osteoporosisinduced animal model. Material and method: Thirty-two rats, 10 weeks of age, were divided into two groups: experimental group was ingested additional calcium and vitamin D, and a control group was not. Titanium screw implant(diameter, 2.0 mm; length, 3.5 mm; pitch-height 0.4 mm) were placed into tibia of 32 rats, 16 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation for histopathologic examination, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with fibronectin and collagen type I antibody. Result: In histopathological findings, newly formed bone was seen at 2 weeks and became lamellar bone at 4 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 8 weeks in experimental group. In control group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 4 weeks gradually and trabecullar bone was seen at 8 weeks. In histomorphometric analysis, marrow bone density increased significantly in experimental group compared to control group. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was strong at 2 weeks in experimental group and reduced after 4 weeks gradually. But it was maintained continuously from 2 to 8 weeks in control group. Collagen type I immunoreactivity was very strong from 2 to 4 week in experimental group. And the amount of Collagen type I expression was more abundant in experimental group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplementation promote bone healing around titanium implants in osteoporosis induced animals.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2008

Bite force is created by the force of adjacent teeth accompanied with tension of masticatory muscle. The bite force value is greater in male than in female and ha maximum value at first molar. Masseter muscle is associated with bite force and during muscle contraction the electric signal is expressed in EMG form. The aim of the study is to assess recovery time for masseter muscle activity and according to each part of bite force after open reduction with internal fixation when mandibular angle fracture and subcondyle fracture occurred. And to determine the appropriate period for mandibular fracture patients to have normal masticatory activity. 30 patients with normal bite condition was selected for control group and from April, 2007 to September, 2007, 20 patients who visited our department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Dankook University, were selected for the study and were diagnosed as mandibular angle fracture and subcondyle fracture. For control group, the bite force for incisors, canine, premolars and molars and activity of the masseter muscle was measured and compared for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. That was divided as fracture side and normal side. Mann-Whitney U test was performed for significant difference and the following result was obtained. 1. The maximum voluntary bite force for incisors, canine, premolars and molars portion were 0.113 kN, 0.182kN, 0.295kN and 0.486kN and the masseter muscle activity was 0.192 volts in the control group. 2. The maximum bite force at fracture side was recovered by 4th weeks for incisors, 6th weeks for canine and premolars and 8th weeks for molars and the masseter muscle activity was recovered by 6th weeks in the experimental group. 2. The maximum bite force at normal side was recovered by 4th weeks for incisors, 6th weeks for canine, premolars and molars and the masseter muscle activity was recovered by 3rd weeks in the experimental group. 3. The method for internal fixation by 2.0mm miniplates at both superior and inferior border had no complications according for twenty patients and had a satisfactory recovery. According to the result, patient with mandibular angle fracture and subcondyle fracture, 8 weeks was required for bite force recovery. Therefore, patients with open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesis, it can be assumed that 8 weeks was needed after operation in order to have normal bite force and masseter muscle recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2006

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) injected on the rate of new-bone formation for distraction osteogenesis on dogs. Materials & Methods : Twelve adult dogs were randomly selected into two groups of six dogs on each. Unilateral osteotomies were performed on the body of the mandible and an intraoral distractor was mounted to the mandible on dogs. One group was treated with injection of rhBMP-7 and the other group served as the control. RhBMP-7 was administered on the day of surgery by single injection into the medullary bone at the osteotomy gap. Distraction was performed five days after osteotomy as a rate of 0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days. The animals were then sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after completion of the distraction. Two dogs in each group, totaling four dogs, were killed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after completion of distraction, respectively. The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for radiographic and histological examinations. In addition, immunohistochemical examination using osteocalcin expression was studied. Results : Radiographs showed accelerated regenerate ossification with maturation of new bone in the rhBMP-7 group comparing with the control group at the 4 weeks of the consolidation. There was no significant difference in the radiographic findings at the 2 weeks and 8 weeks of the consolidation period. Histological findings demonstrated increased bone healing pattern in the rhBMP-7-treated group during all observation period. The expression of osteocalcin immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the normal mandible of dog, but the expression was detected in all experimental rhBMP-7 treated specimens. There were also significant increasing in number of positive immunostaining cells and staining intensity of osteocalcin expression in the rhBMP-7 treated group compared with those of the control group on 2-weeks and 4-weeks. There was a significant decreasing in staining intenstiy of all both two groups on 8 weeks of consolidation period, but significant differences of immunostaining was not seen in two groups. Conclusions : A single injection of rhBMP-7 at the time of osteotomy may stimulate the rate of regenerate ossification and increase callus maturation during distraction osteogenesis. In addition, it may shorten the distraction osteogenesis procedure and decrease the prevalence of complications associated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 저항성 운동 후 골격근에서 저항성 관련 유전자를 규명하는 것이다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 총 32두의 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐를 분양 받은 후 4주차 통제군(4 wks CON, n=8), 8주차 통제군(8 wks CON, n=8), 4주차 운동군(4 wks REG, n=8), 8주차 운동군(8 wks REG, n=8)으로 집단을 분류하였다. 저항성 운동군은 꼬리에 무게를 달고 동물용 사다리(1-m vertical, 85 degree incline)를 오르는 저항성 사다리 운동을 1회 10번, 주당 3일, 4주와 8주간 점증적으로 실시하였으며, 골격근 조직은 저항성 운동 후 장무지굴근(flexor hallucis longus; FHL)을 적출하여 분석에 이용하였다. 적출한 골격근에서 total RNA를 분류한 후, 대규모 유전자 발현분석을 위하여 Illumina RatRef-12 Expression BeadChip을 이용한 Beadarray를 시행하였으며, Beadarray 결과를 확인하기 위해 qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR)를 실시하였다. 유의성 검증은 Beadstudio software를 이용하여 실시하였으며, Beadarray 데이터 중 Detection p-value to <0.01, M-value {M= $log_2$ (condition)-$log_2$ (reference)} to >1.0, DiffScore to >20인 유전자만을 통계적으로 의미 있는 유전자로 선택하였다. 4주차 저항성 운동 후 통제집단에 비해 2배 이상 유의하게 발현이 증가한 유전자는 30개였으며, 6개의 유전자가 감소하였다. 8주차 저항성 운동 후에는 5개의 유전자가 발현이 증가하였으며, 12개의 유전자가 유의하게 감소하였다. 연구결과 다음의 유전자를 포함한 저항성 운동과 근비대와 관련 후보 유전자를 도출하였다; 1) 세포 성장 조절(IGFBP1, PLA2G2A, OKL38); 2) 근육발생(CSRP3); 3) 조직 재생과 근육 발달(MUSTN1, MYBPH); and 4) 비대 모델(CYR61, ATF3, NR4A3); and 5) 당대사(G6PC, PCK1). 이러한 연구결과는 차후 저항성 운동과 관련된 다양한 생리학적 변인을 연구하는데 있어서 기초 자료를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자의 허리안정화운동이 들숨 및 날숨 압력에 미치는 시기별 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자 36명을 각각 허리안정화운동군 17명과 일반적 물리치료운동군 19명으로 나누어 중재를 실시하였다. 두 군 모두 호흡압력 측정기를 이용한 들숨 및 날숨 압력을 운동전, 4주와 8주에 걸쳐 측정하였다. 최대날숨압력에서 허리안정화운동군은 시기에 따라 운동전, 4주, 8주 모두에서 유의한 증가를 보였으나 일반적 물리치료 운동군은 모든 시기에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 최대들숨압력에서 허리안정화운동군은 시기에 따라 운동전보다 4주, 4주보다 8주는 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 운동전보다 8주는 유의한 증가가 있었다. 일반적 물리치료운동군의 모든 시기에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 변화량 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통해 허리안정화운동이 뇌졸중 환자에 날숨압력 개선에 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었고, 이 운동을 지속적으로 한다면 들숨압력에도 효과적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후연구에서 허리안정화운동 후 개별적 호흡근육 측정이 연구되기를 기대한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.2.1-2.9
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone as a graft material for regeneration of bone in vertical bony defects of the minipigs. Material and Methods: Six minipigs were used in this study. Four molars were extracted in the right mandibular dentition and sent to the Korea Tooth Bank for fabrication of autogenous tooth bone. Ten days later, each extraction site was implanted with MS Implant Narrow Ridge $3.0{\times}10mm$ fixture (Osstem, Seoul, Korea) after standardized 2mm-sized artificial vertical bony defect formation. Pineappleshaped Root-On type autogenous tooth bones were applied to the vertical defects around the neck area of the posterior three fixtures and the fore-most one was not applied with autogenous bone as a control group. Each minipig was sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 weeks after fixture installation and examined radiologically and histologically. Histological evaluation was done under light microscope with Villanueva osteochrome bone staining with semi-quantitative histomorphometric study. Percentage of new bone over total area (NBF) and bone to implant contact (BIC) ratio were evaluated using digital software for area calculation. Result: NBF were $48.15{\pm}18.02%$, $45.50{\pm}28.37%$, and $77.13{\pm}15.30%$ in 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively for experimental groups. The control group showed $37.00{\pm}11.53%$, $32.25{\pm}26.99%$, and $1.33{\pm}2.31%$ in 4,8,12 weeks, respectively. BIC ratio were $53.08{\pm}19.82%$, $45.00{\pm}28.37%$, and $75.13{\pm}16.55%$ in 4,8,12 weeks, respectively. Those for the control groups were $38.33{\pm}6.43%$, $33.50{\pm}29.51%$, and $1.33{\pm}2.31%$ in 4, 8, 12 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Autogenous tooth bone showed higher score than control group in NBF and BIC in all the data encompassing 4,8,12 weeks specimens, but statistically significant only 12 weeks data in both NBF and BIC.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

The authors have studied the 8 weeks clinical examination On 32 patients of age 20s for experimental group and 34 patients of the same ages for control group, in order to find out the effect of plaque removal effect and gingival effect by use of the dentifrice contained with the Artemisiae Capillaris extract(dimethylesculetin) and NaCl. The obtained results are as followings: 1. Plaque removal effect is better at the experimental group than at the control group on 2 and 8 weeks(p<0.05). 2. There are not significantly differences on the calculus index and stain index between the experimental group and control group, during the 8 weeks experiment(p>0.05). 3. At the 8 weeks experiment, it revealed the less average scores on the PMA index for experimental group, than that of the control group(p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of dietary folate supplementation on plasma homocysteine, vitamin B$_{12}$ and hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemic rats. All animals were fed 0.3% homocysteine diet for 2 weeks, then they were placed either on a 0.3% homocystine or no homocystine with or without 8 mg/kg folate diet for 8 weeks. Homocystine diet induced hyperhomocysteinemia up to 3.5-fold at 10 weeks (28.0 $\pm$ 4.8 $\mu$mol/l vs. 7.9 $\pm$ 0.3 $\mu$mol/l). Dietary folate supplementation caused a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine levels which had been increased by a homocystine-diet. Also, dietary folate supplementation made them return to control levels at 4 wk when the diet was free of homocystine. Plasma folate levels were markedly decreased with homocystine diet with no folate supplementation. Plasma vitamin B$_{12}$ did not differ between groups. Dietary homocystine increased hepatic levels of SAM in folate supplementation group at 10 weeks (p<0.05). Dietary folate supplementation increased hepatic levels of SAM/SAH ratios in homocystine group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary folate supplementation can effectively ameliorate the detrimental effects of hyperhomocysteinemia.mia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1989

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of frequency of defoliation on the ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Guineaecotype 'A' (Panicum maximum Jacq) grass. Guinea grass harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12-week cutting intervals was chopped (2 cm) and ensiled alone or with the addition of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) meal (w/w-fresh weight basis), for periods of 6, 7 or 8 weeks in 2-litre laboratory silos. Dry matter, water soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, pH, ash, nitrogen and digestibility in vitro were measured in representative samples of preensiled and ensiled material. Dry matter content of silages prepared from herbage harvested at 2 and 3 weeks intervals was lower (P<0.05) compared to longer defoliation intervals. The pH of silage prepared from herbage over 8 weeks old were higher (P<0.05) than those harvested below 8 weeks. The water soluble carbohydrate content of silage prepared from 3-weekly defoliated herbage was higher (P<0.05) than those prepared from longer periods. Lengthened growth period decreased (P<0.001) the crude protein content of the ensiled material, whereas the addition of coconut meal resulted in marginal increases. In vitro organic matter digestibility of the silages decreased (P<0.05) with the increase in forage maturity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Purpose: To see the effects of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve damage of intervibrissal fur in mature rats, Method: 24 female mature rats($200{\sim}250g$) are divided to 3 groups and compared with each other. Immunofluorescence dye using CGRP and PGP antibodies was performed and 8 weeks after administration of capsaicin with control group. Result: The immunopositive reaction against PGP and CGRP was reduced by the damage of epidermal and dermal endings in unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath and the group after 8weeks showed distinct positive reaction of PGP and CGRP than the group after 4 weeks which means the recover of nerves. Conclusion: As a result, capsaicin influenced on pain-related neurotransmitter like CGRP when administerd to mature rats and even though it caused the damages on unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath, the damaged nerves recovered after 8 weeks. Also the research about sensory nerve endings scattered over middle dermal and deep epidermal layers such as lanceolate, merkel reticular, Ruffini endings should be studied when the research of the inner conical body is performed. Further studies are necessary about the toxicity and effect of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve endings.