• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 1993

Growth of suture line and anastomosis is required for long-term success after the tracheal and bronchial surgery in infant and pediatric patient. We used various suture materials in these cases, but the results were differ. To select the adequate suture material in tracheal surgery, we tried next. Tracheal anastomoses were performed in 150 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4 to 8 [mean 5.8] weeks and weight 62 to 106[mean 83.6] gram, to compare polydioxanone[PDS] 7-0, polyglactin 910[Vicryl]7-0, and polypropylene [prolene] 8-0 suture materials. In 150 rats, only 29[20%] were lived over 300 days, and the weight was 250 to 320[mean 289.5]gram. Cross sectional area of the anastomoses and two or three tracheal rings below anastomosis site were measured under microscope, and calculated and compared as Hsieh`s equition. Cross-sectional area,anastomosis site/normal site 100, were 89.4 $\pm$ 5.34% in PDS group[n=9], 75.7 $\pm$ 6.06% in Vicrylgroup [n = 10], and 80.8$\pm$ 4.06% in Prolene group[n = 10]. Histopathologic studies were done for all autopsies or put in death around 300 days postoperatively. PDS absorblion was not seen 16 weeks after suture but disappeared over 24 weeks slide. Vicryl absorbtion was noted postoperative 8 to 16 weeks, with marked tissue reaction. Prolene showed least tissue reaction, but the suture material was persisted with regional fibrotic capsule.Causes of death were respiratory failure in 76 cases, tracheal rupture in 22 cases, hemorrhage, biting, starvation and etc. in 23 cases. With the brief review of literatures, we report the results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.116-125
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension in postmenopausal women. Methods : The study was a multi-center, four-arm, non-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The experimental groups received 10 acupuncture sessions over 4 weeks(Group A, n=20) or 20 sessions over 8 weeks(Group B, n=20) along with usual care. The acupoints were GB20, LI11, ST36, and SP6, bilaterally. The acupuncture groups were followed-up for an additional 12 weeks after acupuncture treatment. The control groups received usual care for 16 weeks(Group C, n=10) or 20 weeks(Group D, n=10). The outcomes were blood pressure, blood pressure control rates, lipid profile, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP). Results : After 4 weeks, DBP in the acupuncture groups(A+B) showed no significant decrease compared to the control group(C+D). However, after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment, group B showed a significant decrease in DBP after acupuncture treatment and follow-up period compared to control group. Although there was no difference between the acupuncture and control groups in SBP after acupuncture treatment, group B showed a significant decrease in SBP compared to control group after follow-up period. Lipid profiles and hs-CRP did not differ significantly between acupuncture and control groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment for 8 weeks showed the effect on prehypertension and mild hypertension. To verify the effect of acupuncture on blood pressure, rigorous trials including more participants are required.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

Tooth mobility is an important part of a periodontal examination and represents a function of the persisting height of the alveolar bone and the width of the periodontal ligament. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of the tooth mobility over 4 week-period following surgical therapy on the periodontal disease. Thirty five patients presenting with moderate periodontal pockets were selected and tooth mobility was measured at weekly intervals using Periotest (Siemens Co., Germany) beginning at the pre-operation examination and ending four weeks following the modified Widman Flap. All data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results were obtained as follows; 1. All teeth exhibited the greatest change in mobility at 1 week post-op, mobility generally decreasing with time. 2. Comparison of the weekly tooth mobility data regarding the 1st premolars showed significant differences only between weeks 1 (9.94) and 4 (6.14) (p<0.05). 3. Comparison of the weekly tooth mobility data regarding the 1st molar showed significant changes in the intervals between pre-op (6.49) and week 1 (11.22), pre-op and week 2 (9.37), weeks 1 and 3 (7.65), weeks 1 and 4 (5.62), and weeks 2 and 4 (p<0.05). 4. Comparison of the weekly tooth mobility data regarding the 2nd premolar and 2nd molar showed significant differences between pre-op (6.91, 8.60) and week 1 (11.02, 12.62), weeks 1 and 3 (8.00, 8.05), weeks 3 ad 4 (6.22, 6.71), and weeks 2 (9.34, 11.01) and 4 (p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of age and of the dietary protein sources & levels on urinary calcium excretion and bone metabolism in the rats. Two experiments were conducted . In experiment U, 6& 20 weeks old rats were fed 8 & 36%, casein & ffish protein diet for 5 weeks . In experiment II, 16& 52 weeks old rats were fed 40 % protein diets, protein sources were casein, fish and gluten. High-protein diet group excreted more caldium in urine than low-protein group. Urinary calcium excretion was affected by the sources of protein ; gluten group excreted more Ca, followed by fish & casein group. Total bone Ca & Ca proportion in ash were higher in 20 weeks old rats than 6 weeks old rats, but 16 & 52 weeks old rats showed no differences. bone composition showed that water proportion was high and ash proportion was low in 6 weeks old rats than in 20 weeks old rats. However, these tendencies were not observed between 16 weeks and 52 weeks old rats. And bone composition was affected by protein sources ; higher ash proportions were noted in one order of casein, fish, and gluten water proportion were lower in one same order.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2000

The author was used for the ICR mouse and induced diabetes with the streptozotocin(50mg/kg)and alloxan(40mg/kg). After the testing and the identifying the diabetes, the histological changes of the glomerulus, blood test for the values of blood sugar, and urine test for the values of urine protein were investigated. The results are as follows : 1. The values of high blood sugar appeared from the 2 group were about $378mg/d{\ell}{\sim}709mg/d{\ell}$, in the treated groups with the streptozotocin and alloxan. The glycosuria were obviously continued from the 2 weeks to the 12 weeks of the streptozotocin and the alloxan treated groups and the proteinuria was ${\pm}{\sim}+$ in the 4 weeks and 8 weeks of streptozotocin treated group and were + in all the 12 weeks. The ketonuria were generally negative. 2. In the view of the light microscope, there was no significant histological changes until the 8 weeks. However, in the 12 weeks group treated with the streptozotocin, the mesangial matrix of glomerulus increased Bowman's capsules adhered to each other and changed them to the crescence shapes because of increasing the exothelial cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-calorie diets(LCD) for 8 weeks of medical nutrition therapy in individuals with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$. 41 over-weight or obese individuals (male=14, female=27, age $28.6{\pm}8.9\;yrs$), none of whom were diagnosed with a medical disease, were administered MNT 4 times over the study period. Approximately $1,100{\sim}1,300\;kcal/day$ were prescribed by a dietitian, via individualized counseling. Anthropometric parameters, daily nutrient intake, and blood levels of leptin, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured prior to and after the 8 weeks of the intervention period. We noted significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal skin-fold thickness, and waist circumference in both men and women. The mean body weight losses in men and women were $3.2{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks and $2.8{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks, respectively. However, the % of lean body mass (LBM) in men and women was shown to increase significantly (p<0.05). The daily intake of calorie, fat, protein, vitamin E, folate, and iron were significantly reduced during the LCD period. Blood levels of lipids and glucose were in normal range, and evidenced no changes after LCD. However, the serum levels of leptin in female subjects were significantly reduced (p<0.00l) from $8.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$ to $6.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$. In conclusion, 8 weeks of LCD with individualized counseling by a dietitian effectively reduced body fat and visceral fat in both men and women with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exposure of hydroxyapatite coating on the amount of bone formation and stability in the dogs. Methods: In this study, hydroxyapatite coated implants (HAPTITE) was placed over the femur bone surface of four dogs about 1 mm. The experimental group was divided into 4 weeks group of 8 implants and 8 weeks group of 8 implants, and then they were sacrificed. The stability of implants was evaluated twice with Osstell$^{TM}$ mentor (Osstell AB, Goteborg, Sweden) at right after placement and sacrifice. The amount of bone formation was evaluated through histomorphometric examination. Results: The stability of implants was in normal range, and tended to increase as time goes by. Mean percentages of new bone formation rates were $90.5{\pm}6.6$ at uppermost 1 mm bone level adjacent to soft tissues (level 1) and $92.9{\pm}4.1$ at next 1 mm bone level (level 2) in 4 weeks group, $90.1{\pm}11.5$ at level 1 and $95.9{\pm}2.3$ at level 2 in 8 weeks group. Mean percentages of bone-implant contact rates were $85.1{\pm}10.8$ at level 1 and $88.1{\pm}13.8$ at level 2 in 4 weeks group, $88.5{\pm}14.4$ at level 1 and $95.3{\pm}3.1$ at level 2 in 8 weeks group. There was no statistically significant difference of new bone formation rate and bone-implant contact rate between uppermost 1 mm bone level adjacent to soft tissues and next 1 mm bone level. However, there was no significant difference in bone formation between 4 and 8 weeks groups. Conclusion: These results suggested that exposed hydroxyapatite coated implants to soft tissue showed favorable bone formation and implant stability.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Previously, we demonstrated that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time during relatively short-term period (4 weeks) could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in rats. We also found that the reverse feeding (RF) schedule (up to 8 weeks) might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues. In the present study, we extended the RF time regimen up to 12 weeks, and measured the reproductive tissue weights. After 4 and 8 weeks of RF, the weights of epididymis were not significantly different. After 12 weeks, however, epididymis weights of RF animals were significantly different (CON 12W : RF 12W = $48.26{\pm}0.62mg$ : $44.05{\pm}1.57mg$, p<0.05). After 4 and 12 weeks of feeding, seminal vesicle weights of RF animals were significantly decreased (CON 4W : RF 4W = $79.36{\pm}8.34mg$ : $46.28{\pm}2.43mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $72.04{\pm}3.76mg$ : $46.71{\pm}2.27mg$, p<0.001, respectively). Prostate weights were not changed by RF. Kidney and spleen weights of RF animals were significantly different on weeks 4 and 12 (Kidney, CON 4W : RF 4W = $249.72{\pm}4.20mg$ : $228.41{\pm}3.03mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $309.15{\pm}7.49mg$ : $250.72{\pm}6.13mg$, p<0.001, respectively, Spleen, CON 4W : RF 4W = $111.26{\pm}3.76mg$ : $96.88{\pm}4.69mg$, p<0.05; CON 12W : RF 12W = $123.93{\pm}10.72mg$ : $94.68{\pm}5.65mg$, p<0.05, respectively). Histology analysis of seminal vesicle revealed that the thinner epithelial cell layers, reduced complexities of swollen papilla folding in the exocrine glands on weeks 4 and 12 of RF. There was no histological difference between control and RF group on week 8. The present study indicates that up to 12 weeks RF induced differential changes in tissue weights of male mice. In particular, seminal vesicle, kidney and spleen seemed to temporarily adapted to the RF-induced metabolic stress on week 8 of feeding schedule. These results confirmed the our previous study that the RF might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues such as epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as non-reproductive tissues such as kidney and spleen. Further studies will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the how does mealtime shift affect the reproductive function and exact nature of adaptation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 1991

This study was performed for searching for non-hepatectomy medium-term bioassay model by using newborn female rats. Newborn female Sprague-Dawley rats (1 day old) were given an intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). After three weeks, all rats were weaned and divided into three groups. Group 1 were fed on diets containing 0.01% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) as a promoter for three weeks. Group 2 were given 0.05% phenobarbital (PB) in drinking water as a promoter for 8 weeks. Group 3 was control group. The autopsy was carried out at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after weaning. Preneoplastic lesions were indentified with immunohistochemical staining for glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P). In liver weight to body weight ratios, group 2 showed significant difference from group 1 (p<0.001) at 4 weeks after weaning. Group 1 and group 2 showed significant difference from group 3 at 8 weeks after weaning (p<0.0I, p<0.001), respectively. In quantitative analysis for GST-P positive lesion area by using Image Analyzer, group 1 and group 2 represented significant difference in comparison with group 3 at early 4 weeks after weaning (p

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.448-454
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop Cnidium officinale-flavored oils. Cnidium officinale is one of the Korean aromatic medicinal plants. The flavor patterns of Cnidium officinale-flavored oils during storage were detected by using an electronic nose with 6 metal oxide sensors, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. The overall acceptability of flavor and the masking effects on fetid smell of beef of Cnidium officinale-flavored oils were investigated by sensory evaluation. In COI-flavored oil, flavor patterns between the storage samples for 1 week and 16 weeks could be distinguished. And in CO II-flavored oil, flavor patterns between the samples stored for 1 week and 8 weeks and the flavor patterns between the samples stored for 1 week and 16 weeks in CS I-flavored oil could be distinguished. In CS II-flavored oil, flavor patterns of the samples stored for 1, 4, and 8 weeks also could be distinguished. Fetid smell in beef was significantly reduced by the addition of COI- and CS II-flavored oils. As the storage time increased, overall acceptability of Cnidium officinale-flavored oil decreased, indicating that Cnidium officinale-flavored oils were most preferred at 8 weeks of storage.