• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

Objective : This study set out to combine the treatment efficacy of Taraxacum with Dongchimi fermentation and investigate Taraxacum's effects on protection of liver cell and controlling nitric oxide(NO) through experiments, thus checking whether it had values as a physiological active matter. The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anticancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Method : The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anti-cancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Results : As shown in the chromatogram results, each valid component content increased in Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) for each time section. Of them, the valid component content at 36.80 minutes was approximately 2.7 times higher in TDF at 21.8% than in Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) at 8.28%. TDF generated more excellent protection effects against the toxicity that caused oxidative damage to the liver cell(HepG2) with t-BHP than TD. The survival rate was low in TD of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $300{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and increased to 23.3% in TDF of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The survival rate was the highest at $300{\mu}M$ with a significant difference of 68.1%(P<0.05). Both TD and TDF showed effects of controlling nitric oxide production according to concentration with TDF recording a higher rate of controlling nitric oxide production than TD. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in the effects of controlling nitric oxide production at 200 ug/ml, 400 ug/ml in both groups. Especially the result TDF of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was thus similar to those of butein, the positive control group. Conclusion : The result of this studies is that Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) increased the valid component content compared with the simple mixture(TD). The findings clearly show that it is a material with the effects of improving immunity and liver cell protection. If fermentation methods are further developed to use it as a functional material, it will be subject to more opportunities of being used in other functional foods and make a contribution to integrated medicinal food development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.169-170
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• 1989

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

To evaluate the biohazard properties of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), we explored the physical properties of the ELF-EMF that generates the electric current induction in the secondary coil from the chamber of a primary solenoid coil. We subsequently explored the biological effects of a strong alternating electromagnetic field (EMF), ranging from 730-960 Gauss, on the mouse testis. Mice were exposed to an alternating EMF field induced by a rectangular electric current at 1, 7, 20, 40, and 80 Hertz, for 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. The mouse testes were examined for proliferative activity and apoptosis using the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) method and by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. We found that the electric currentm induction increased in the 6-8 Hertz range, and that exposure to an ELF-EMF induced the apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes. In situ TdT staining was found to be most prominent in 7 Hertz group, and gradually reduced in the 20, 40, and 80 Hertz groups. These data suggest that a strong EMF can induce reproductive cell death within a short time, and the harmful effects of the EMF are maximal at low frequency alternating EMFs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2006

연구목적 : Streptococcus 감염에 취약한 생물학적 지표라고 알려진 D8/17 항체가 PANDAS로 의심되는 뚜렛장애 환자에서 높은지를 알아보고, 뚜렛장애군 중 D8/17 양성반응 여부에 따라 임상경과에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : PANDAS가 의심되는 뚜렛장애 소아환자 9명과 비교 대상으로 틱증상이 없이 일관되게 지속적으로 주의력결핍 과잉 행동장애를 보이는 2명의 소아를 택하여 B 임파구 D8/17 항원 양성반응 비율과 혈청 ASO 농도를 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : PANDAS가 의심되는 9명의 뚜렛장애 소아의 경우 평균 77.9%($50.9{\sim}100%$) D8/17 B임파구 양성 비율을 보여 비교대상인 2명의 ADHD(24.8%, 53.7%) 보다 의미 있게 높았다. 뚜렛장애 중 90% 이상의 높은 양성비율을 보이는 경우가 4예 (44..4%)였다. 특히 모녀 뚜렛장애인 경우 각각 98.4%, 99.0%라는 높은 수치를 보였다. 뚜렛장애의 심한 정도와 D8/17 양성 임파구 비율간에 의미있는 상관관계는 없었다. ASO titer와D8/17양성 임파구 비율간에 통계적으로 의미 있는 상관관계는 없었지만 뚜렛장애 66.7%에서 100IU/ml 이상을 보였다. 결 론 : 상기결과를 종합하여 볼 때 일부 뚜렛장애 환자의 경우 streptocooccus 감염과 연관된 PANDAS일 가능성이 충분히 있다고 판단되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growth hormone(GH) on the division and migration of the small intestinal epithelium in mice. Twenty mice(ICR), weighing initially about 10 g, aged 18 days were randomly subdivided in two groups of control and GH-treated group. Control group was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-thymidine($^3H$-TdR, $4{\mu}$ Ci/gm of BW/day for 2 days). GH-treated group was injected subcutaneously with somatotropin(10 IU/mouse/day for 4 days) from 2 day ago of first $^3H$-TdR injection and then was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-TdR($4{\mu}$ Ci/g of BW/day for 2 days). The small intestines were collected for autoradiogrophy and Hematoxylin counterstain. The location of the labeled epithelial cells(LEC) in villi of the small intestine was invested with light microscope. 1. In the control group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 dsy, at $0%{\sim}15.9{\pm}3.6%$ of villus high value(VHV) on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}49.8{\pm}16.5%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $0%{\sim}95.3{\pm}6.9%$ of VHV on 4 day and $62.9{\pm}16.7{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 2. In the GH-treated group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 day, at $0%{\sim}39.2{\pm}9.5%$ of VHV on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}81.5{\pm}18.2%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $45.2{\pm}11.5%{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 4 day, at 85%~100% of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 3. VHV of tops in the LEC regions appeared to be 23.3% and 31.7% higher on 2 and 3 day, and VHV of the LEC region bases appeared to be 45.2%, 22.1% higher on 4 and 5 day, respectively in the GH-treated group than those observed in the control group. These difference was very highly significant(p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1045-1050
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• 2002

The aims of this study were to detect spontaneously occurring apoptosis in cultured porcine ovarian cells, to examine the role of growth hormone (GH), tyrosine kinase (TK), protein kinase G (PKG) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) in the control of this process, and to determine whether the effect of GH on apoptosis is mediated by TK-, PKG- and cdc2-dependent intracellular mechanisms. We studied the action of pGH (10 ng/ml), blockers of TK (genistein, lavendustin, both 100 ng/ml), PKG (Rp-Br-PET-cGMPS, 50 nM; KT5823, 100 ng/ml) and CDK (olomoucine, $1{\mu}g/ml$), as well as combinations of GH with these blockers, on the onset of apoptosis in cultured granulosa cells isolated from antral (3-6 mm) porcine follicles. The functional characteristics of an early apoptotic event, DNA fragmentation, were determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), whilst morphological signs of advanced apoptosis such as pyknosis, chromatin marginalization, shrinkage and fragmentation of nucleus, were detected using routine light microscopy. After culture, some ovarian granulosa cells exhibited DNA fragmentation, which in some cases was associated with morphological apoptosis-related changes (pyknosis, shrinkage and fragmentation of the nucleus). GH significantly reduced the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells. Neither TK nor CDK blockers when given alone, significantly affected the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells although both PKG blockers significantly increased this index. Furthermore, TK and PKG blockers given together with GH, prevented or reversed the inhibitory effect of GH on apoptosis, whilst the CDK blocker olomoucine promoted it. These observations demonstrate apoptosis in porcine ovaries and suggest the involvement of GH, TK, PKG and CDK in the control of this process. They also suggest that the effect of GH on ovarian apoptosis is mediated or regulated by multiple signalling pathways including TK-, PKG- and CDK-dependent intracellular mechanisms.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

CKD-602 exerts its antitumor effect via inhibition of topoisomerase I in cancer cells. Multicellular spheroid (MCS) and Multicellular layers (MCLs) are known as in vitro 3-dimensional models which closely represent tumor conditions in vivo. In order to investigate the potential of CKD-602 against human colorectal tumors, we evaluated the anti-proliferative activity and penetration ability of CKD-602 in MCS and MCL cultures of DLD-l human colorectal cancer cells, respectively. The maximum effects($E_{max}$) induced by CKD-602 were significantly lower in MCS compared to monolayers (48% vs 92%). With prolonged drug exposure, the $IC_{50's}$ of CKD-602 decreased to $23.5{\pm}1.0nM$ in monolayers after 24 h exposure and $42.3{\pm}1.7nM$ in MCS after 6 days, respectively. However, no further increase in effect was observed for exposure time longer than growth doubling time (Td) in both cultures. Activity of CKD-602 was significantly reduced after penetration through MCL and also with cell-free insert membrane. In conclusion, CKD-602 showed significantly decreased anti-proliferative activity in 3D cultures (MCS) of human colorectal cancer cells. Tumor penetration of CKD-602 could not be determined due to loss of activity after penetration through cell free insert membrane, which warrants further evaluation using a modified model.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.359-369
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• 1997

저자들은 1993년 3월에서 1997년 9월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 임상병리과에 면역학적 표지자 검사가 의뢰된 153명의 백혈병 환자의 결과를 분석하였다. 여기에는 AML 61례, ALL 46례, FAB 아형이 확정되지 않았던 12례 등이 포함되어 있었다. EDTA 항응고처리한 골수나 말초혈액에서 단핵세포층을 분리한후 일련의 단클론항체와 FITC 표지 이차항체를 이용하여 면역형광염색법을 실시한 후 형광현미경으로 관찰하였다. AML 61례에서의 비전형적인 표지자 표현 양상을 보면 CD7 32.8%, CD10 14.8%, CD5 13.1%, CD2 6.6%, CD4 4.9%, CD19 1.6%의 양성률을 보였고, TdT 양성은 3.9%였다. 혼성 백혈병으로 최종 진단을 내린 경우는 13.1%로 그 중 단구성 계열이 대부분(6/8)이었다. ALL 46례에서의 면역학적 검사에 따른 분류에 따르면 CALLA(+) B precursor형이 65.2%를 차지하였고, CALLA(-) B precursor형이 10.9%, T 세포형 8.7%, B 세포형 2.2%, 혼성림프구형(B&T) 4.3%, 미분화성 백혈병 2.2%였고, 혼성 백혈병으로 진단된 경우는 6.5%였다. 골수성 표지자 양성인 ALL은 CD13이나 CD33 양성인 례가 각각 2.2%였다. 급성 백혈병에서 골수형태와 세포화학검사로 FAB 아형을 확정하지 못한 12례에서 혼성 백혈병이 5례(41.7%)였고, 림프구 계열이 7례(58.3%)였으며 그 중 B 세포계열이 3례, T 세포계열이 3례, 혼성 림프구형(B&T)이 1례로 나타났다. 결론적으로는, 면역학적 표지지 검사로 더 정확하게 AML과 ALL을 감별할 수 있었으며, M0, M7 아형진단에도 도움이 되며, 형태학적, 세포화학적검사로 정확히 진단할 수 없었던 급성 백혈병의 분류에 도움이 되었다. 따라서 급성 백혈병의 진단을 위하여 FAB 분류 뿐 만 아니라 면역학적 표지자 검사를 함께 시행한다면 보다 정확한 진단에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1998

The maintenance of a viable pregnancy has long been viewed as an immunological paradox. The deveolping embryo and trophoblast are immunologically foreign to the maternal immune system due to their maternally inherited genes products and tissue-specific differentiation antigens (Hill & Anderson, 1988). Therefore, speculation has arisen that spontaneous abortion may be caused by impaired maternal immune tolerance to the semiallogenic conceptus (Hill, 1990). Loss of recall antigen has been reported in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and is associated with graft survival (Muluk et al., 1991; Schulik et al., 1994). Progesterone $(10^{-5}M)$ has immunosuppressive capabilities (Szekeres-Bartho et al., 1985). Previous study showed that fertile women, but not women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), lose their immune response to recall antigens when pregnant (Bermas & Hill, 1997). Therefore, we hypothesized that immunosuppressive doses of progesterone may affect proliferative response of lymphocytes to trophoblast antigen and alloantigen. Proliferative responses using $^3H$-thymidine ($^3H$-TdR) incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the irradiated allogeneic periperal blood mononuclear cells as alloantigen, trophoblast extract and Flu as recall antigen, and PHA as mitogen were serially checked in 9 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Progesterone vaginal suppositories (100mg b.i.d; Utrogestan, Organon) beginning 3 days after ovulation were given to 9 women with unexplained RSA who had prior evidence of Th1 immunity to trophoblast. We checked proliferation responses to conception cycle before and after progesterone supplementation once a week through the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. All patients of alloantigen and PHA had a positive proliferation response that occmed in the baseline phase. But 4 out of 9 patients (44.4%) of trophoblast antigen and Flu antigen had a positive proliferative response. The suppression of proliferation response to each antigen were started after proliferative phase and during pregnancy cycles. Our data demonstrated that since in vivo progesterone treated PBMCs suppressed more T-lymphocyte activation and $^3H$-TdR incorporation compare to PBMCs, which are not influenced by progesterone. This data suggested that it might be influenced by immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone may play an important immunological role in regulating local immune response in the fetal-placental unit. Furthermore, in the 9 women given progesterone during a conception cycle, Only two (22%) repeat pregnancy losses occured in these 9 women despite loss of antigen responsiveness (one chemical pregnancy loss and one loss at 8 weeks of growth which was karyotyped as a Trisomy 4). These finding suggested that pregnancy loss due to fetal aneuploidy is not associated with immunological phenomena.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1678-1688
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• 2011

다양한 식용식물에 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려진 phenolic acids의 일종인 p-coumaric acid의 항암활성을 규명하고자, 인체 급성백혈병 T 세포주인 Jurkat T 세포에 대한 p-coumaric acid의 에폽토시스 유도기전을 조사하였다. Jurkat T 세포를 p-coumaric acid (50-$150{\mu}M$)로 처리한 결과, 세포독성, 에폽토시스-관련 DNA fragmentation, 및 pro-apoptotic multidomain Bcl-2 family member인 Bak의 활성화, ${\Delta}{\psi}m$ loss, caspase-9, -3, -7, 및 -8의 활성화, 그리고 PARP 분해 등의 여러 에폽토시스-관련 생화학적 현상들이 농도의존적으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 에폽토시스-관련 생화학적 현상들은 Jurkat T 세포에 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 단백질을 과발현할 경우에는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 p-coumaric acid처리에 의해 유도되는 Jurkat T 세포의 에폽토시스에는 necrosis가 수반되지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. Jurkat T 세포를 pan-caspase inhibitor인 z-VAD-fmk를 전처리할 경우, p-coumaric acid 처리에 의해 유도되는 apoptotic sub-$G_1$ peak는 차단되어 나타나지 않았으나 ${\Delta}{\psi}m$ loss는 여전히 나타났는데, 이는 p-coumaric acid처리에 의한 에폽토시스의 유도에 caspase cascade 활성화가 필수적이며 ${\Delta}{\psi}m$ loss의 downstream 현상임을 나타낸다. 한편, FADD 및 caspase-8을 함께 발현하는 Jurkat T 세포주 A3, FADD-결손 Jurkat T 세포주 I2.1, 그리고 caspase-8-결손 Jurkat T 세포주 I9.2의 p-coumaric acid의 세포독성에 대한 감수성은 서로 유사하게 나타났는데, 이는 p-coumaric acid처리에 의한 에폽토시스의 유도가 Fas와 FasL간의 상호작용에 의해 개시되지 않음을 시사한다. p-Coumaric acid의 세포독성은 Jurkat T 세포에 비해 인체 정상 말초혈액 T 세포에서 훨씬 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 p-coumaric acid 처리에 의해 유도되는 Jurkat T 세포의 에폽토시스가 Bak 활성화, ${\Delta}{\psi}m$ loss, caspase-9, -3, -7, 및 -8로 이루어진 caspase cascade의 활성화, 그리고 PARP 분해에 의해 유도되며, 또한 anti-apoptotic 단백질인 Bcl-2의 과발현에 의해서 음성적으로 조절됨을 나타낸다.