• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.195-202
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• 2022

In this study, when cardiopulmonary resuscitation continued for a long time, the rescuer's blood lactic acid concentration, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured to identify the change in the rescuer's fatigue. Data collection was conducted from July 5 to July 9, 2021, with a total of 24 students, 12 students department of special warfare medical non-commissioned officer, and 12 students department of emergency medical technology at D University, undergoing a two-person alternative chest compression resuscitation for 60 minutes. As a result of the study, the rescuer's blood lactic acid concentration, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and chest compression speed were significantly changed according to the duration of CPR (p<.001, p<.001, p<.001, p<.001). blood lactic acid concentrations at every measurement cycle (30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes) showed a significant positive correlation with heart rate (r=.696, p<.001, r=.672, p<.001, r=.709, p<.001, r=.782, p<.001), there was also a significant positive correlation with the rating of perceived exertion (r=.476, p<).05, r=.426, p<.05, r=.470, p<.05, r=.470, p<.05). Therefore, monitoring the fatigue of rescuers using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion will be useful for maintaining high-quality chest compression in situations where cardiopulmonary resuscitation is required for a long time.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2003

This study is to improve the worst lightfastness of a natural dye. To modify the fiber surface, low temperature oxygen plasma was carried out on silk fabric. The result is followed below after the examination of surface shape, dyeability, color change, UV absorbent influence and lightfastness. 1. When electric discharge outputs are 60W, 80W and 100w, and processing times are 10minutes, 20minutes and 40minutes, the etching effect of surface increased as electric discharge outputs and processing times increased. 2. When examined UV absorbent for 5hours, 10hours, 20hours, 40hours and 80hours, the value changes of E are 1.47, 2.51, 2.91, 3.71, 4.51 and 5.31 in case of Al pre-mordanting/ prasma 80W, 20min./ UVabsorbent 5% (100:1), 2.31, 2.47, 3.84, 3.90, 3.61 and 4.42 in case of Al pre-mordanting/prasma 80W, 20min.1 UV absorbent 5% (o.w.f.). The lightfastness decreased when UV absorbent increased. 3. Dyeability of the samples pre-treated with five different methods was in the following order: plasma processing for 20minutes at 60W/Al pre-mordanting > Al pre-mordanting > plasma processing for 20minutes at 60W > Al after-mordanting. non mordanting Plasma treatment had superior effect on dyeability. 4. When UV absorbent was applied in fabric, the sample under higher electric discharge out puts showed more effective in improving lightfastness.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Four kinds of leaves with different shapes of leaf blade were used as experimental materials to establish an optimum condition for treating leaves to obtain skeleton leaves. Effective concentration and length of soaking time in a hot NaOH solution, which resulted in high valued ornaments, were 60% (v/v) for 50 minutes for Acer buergerianum (palmatifid), 20% (v/v) for 50 minutes for Ilex cornuta (serrate), 20-60% (v/v) for 70 minutes for Quercus mongolia (lobed), and 20-40% (v/v) for 70 minutes for Quercus palustris (parted). Through a series of the process of soaking leaves in a hot NaOH solution, rinsing or brushing to remove mesophyll, drying, and dying, high quality ornaments could be obtained.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to measure the oral temperature, skin temperature, and subjective discomfort according to the application time of ice bag on thigh, head, and abdomen. This study was also intended to suggest nursing principles about ice bag application by exploring the recovery time of skin temperature after the removal of ice bag. The design of this study was $8{\times}3$ factorial design with one sample repeated measure. Here, the application time of ice bag(criteria, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min) and the application site of ice bag(thigh, head, abdomen) were independent variables. The subjects were 10 university woman students, and data collection was made from July, 1 to August 30, 1992. Rubber ice bag halfly filled with ice was covered with towel and applied on thigh, head and abdomen in other three days. Before applying the ice bag, oral temperature and skin temperature were checked for criteria. After ice bag was applied, skin temperature, oral temperature and VAS score were checked at first 5 minutes elapsed, and every 10 minutes until 60 minutes. After that, ice bag was removed, and oral temperature and skin temperature were also measured every ten minutes until 60 minutes. In this study, skin temperature and core temperature were measured by thermistor probe, and subjective discomfort was measured by 200mm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Some of the findings were as follows : 1. There were significant differences in skin temperature among the three application sites of ice bag as time go by. It was most decreased to $15.87^{\circ}C$ in thigh, and $19.47^{\circ}C$ in abdomen at 50 minutes after the application of ice bag, whereas $26.1^{\circ}C$ at 40 minutes in head. Before the application of ice bag, skin temperature showed significant differences in three sites, so that they were compared after the criteria was covariated. In other words, there was significantly more decrease of skin temperature in thigh and abdomen than head, after ice bag was applied for 20 minutes and more. 2. There was no significant difference in core temperature among the three application sites of ice bag during the time of application 3. There was no significant difference in subjective discomfort (VAS) among the three application sites of ice bag. 4. After the removal of ice bag, the recovery of skin temperature was significantly different in three sites during first 30 minutes. In head, skin temperature came up to criteria at 30 minutes after the removal of ice bag, but it was not recovered In thigh and abdomen even 60 minutes elapsed. 5. After the removal of ice bag, there was no significant difference in oral temperature among the three application sites of ice bag. 6. There was significant correlation between the skin temperature and VAS score only in thigh. In conclusion, it is suggested that head in more suitable site for the application of ice bag if it is used for the relief of fever or pain. When we apply ice bag on thigh or abdomen for the relief of pain, careful attention is required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effects of calcium administration on the blood coagulation mechanism through APTT in the calf. Five male calves (70~90 kg) were used in this experiment. In the control group, heparinized normal saline (1 IU/kg/min) had been infusing into the jugular vein for 100 minutes. For the analysis of calcium effects on the APTT, the same solutions had been infusing during the first 40 minutes, subsequently the solution including calcium gluconate (3.3 mg/ml/min) had been infusing for 60 minutes. Blood samples were serially collected every 10 minutes for the APTT and platelets count and every 20 minutes for the calicum level during the infusion. In the calcium-treated group, after 70 minutes the APTT ratio (APTT heparin/APTT baseline) was higher than the therapeutic range. APTT was significantly increased at 50, 60 and 70 minutes in the calcium-treated group as compared to the control group (p<0.01). In the control group, calcium level was decreased significantly after heparin infusion (p<0.01). The platelet count was gradually decreased without significant variation in the both control and calcium-treated groups. These results suggested that APTT is slightly increased in combined heparin and calcium administration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2004

Background : An assessment of the presence and the degree of reversibility of airflow obstruction is clinically important in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the time responses of spirometric parameters in response to bronchodilator have not been well investigated. Methods: We studied 15 patients with asthma. Spirometric and mini-Wright peak expiratory flow measurements were performed at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after using single dose($200{\mu}g$) of inhaled bronchodilator, salbutamol. Results : The mean values of forced expiratory volume in one second($FEV_1$) and forced vital capicaty(FVC) were significantly increased at 60 minutes after using bronchodilator in comparison to 15 minutes. And peak expiratory flow rate measured by either mass flow sensor or mini-Wright peak flow meter were significantly increased at 45 minutes after using bronchodilator in comparison to 15 minutes. Conclusions : To appropriate evaluation of the bronchodilator response in patients with reversible airflow limitation, it would be useful measuring either $FEV_1$ or PEF at the later time point 60 or 45 minutes in comparison to 15 minutes after using bronchodilator.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

The research attempted to develop an eco-friendly wood adhesive based on vegetable oil (soybean oil), the renewable and sustainable natural resources, using ozonification technology for the chemical structure modification. The soybean oils (SBO) were reacted with $O_3$ at the rate of 7.13 g/h for different times, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. Modified chemical structure of the ozonized SBOs were examined by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The FT-IR spectrum of SBO had an absorbance peak at $3010cm^{-1}$ that is the characteristic peak of the unsaturated double bonds. As ozone treatment time increased, the peak of the double bond was disappeared and aldehyde or carboxyl peak appeared at $1700cm^{-1}$. The dry, wet, and cyclic boiling bond strengths of the ozonized SBO mixed with polymeric diphenylmethane-4, 4-diisocyanate (pMDI) were also investigated. In the dry shear test, all strengths met constantly the standard requirement of $7.0kgf/cm^2$ (KS F3101 2006). The bond strengths gradually increased with increasing ozone treatment time. The highest strength showed at 60 minutes ozone treatment and decreased values at 120 minutes. In the cyclic boiling shear test, 30, 60 and 120 minutes exceeded the standard requirement.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.163-167
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• 1983

Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, was exposed to 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm $SO_2$ for 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes at the tiny button stage in order to study the effect of sulfur dioxide on growth and cap discoloration of the mushroom. The cap color was changed from grey to greyish blue at low dosage of sulfur dioxide, and with the lapse of exposing time and rasing sulfur dioxide concentration up, the color was changed to light brown and dark brown. The cap dicoloration was begun by the exposure of sulfur dioxide to 0.625 ppm for 120 minutes, to 1.25 ppm for 30 minutes and to 2.5 ppm for 15 minutes. By the exposure of sulfur dioxide to 1.25 ppm for 120 minutes, to 2.5 ppm for 30 minutes, its growth was inhibited, but the fruit body was died by the exposure of the gas to 2.5 ppm for 180 minutes and to 5.0 ppm for 60 minutes. Sulfur dioxide inhibited conspicuously the development of basidia and basidiospores of the mushroom and 20 to 25 percent of basidiospores formed were abnormal. Ethylene production by mushroom exposed to sulfur dioxide was not recognized.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1997

We investigated the optimal concentratin of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate for the exfoliation and recovery of young abalone, Haliotis discus hannai in according to different water temperatures, for the purpose of preventing the damage of shell and muscle to ecfoliated from shelter. In the 14$^{\circ}C$ water temperature, young abalones were exfoliated after 16, 35, 35 and 35 minutes in 150, 100, 75 and 50ppm concentration of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate, and were recovered after 100, 60, 30 and 30 minutes, respectively. Exfoliation rate of abalone were 100% except for 50 ppm (80%) and recovery rate were 100% of all concentration. In the $18^{\circ}C$ water temperature, young abalones were exfoliated after 4, 4, 6, 8, 8 and 12 munutes in 300, 200, 150, 100, 75 and 50ppm concentration of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate, and were recovered after 210, 180, 90, 60, 30, 20 and 20 minutes, respectively. Exfoliation rate of abalone were 100%, and recovery rate were 100% except for 200 and 300ppm (90%). In the $24^{\circ}C$ water temperature, young abalones were exfoliated after 8, 10, 10 and 12 minutes in 150, 100, 75 and 50ppm concentration of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate, and were recovered after 70, 50, 30 and 20 minutes, respectively. Exfoliation and recovery rate of abalone were 100%. In the 18$^{\circ}C$water temperature, exfoliation rate that treated with freshwater during 20 minute were 80, 50, 30 and 5% in 100, 75, 50 and 25% of fresh water, and recovery after 60, 15, 10 and 2 minutes, respectively and recovery arate were 100% except of r 100% freshwater. In this study, we suggest the reslults that the exfoliation and recovery by ethly-p-aminobenzoate were more effected in $18^{\circ}C\;and\;24^{\circ}C$ of sea water temperature than those of $14^{\circ}C$. The optimal concentration of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate was 50ppm at those water temperature. We raised 20 individual of young abalones at water temperature of $16^{\circ}C$ in the 1$\ell$ o ftnk and checked the variatin of dissolved oxygen (DO) by respiration of abalones that treated with 75ppm of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate. Before anesthetizion, DO were 6.17~6.20mg/$\ell$ and slowly decreased. But after 60 minutes, DO decreasing were stopped in 5.42~5.46mg/$\ell$. On the other hand, the control was continuously decreased and 5.27mg/$\ell$ after 60 minutes. The heartbeats of abalones were 33~45/minute in the water temperature of $18^{\circ}C$, but that treated with 100 ppm concentration of ethyl-p-aminobenzoate during 60 minutes, was 0/minute. And heartbeats of recovered abalones from anesthetizion were 29~43/minute.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of curing time and curing temperature on the hear - Curing of acrylic resin using ring furnace. Specimens were fabricated from 2 kinds(Laboron, Bertex) heat-cured resin. Total 200 samples were divided into 4 groups(70$^{\circ}C$, 100$^{\circ}C$, 13$^{\circ}C$, 150$^{\circ}C$) and each group was divided into 5 small groups(30 min., 45min., 60min., 75min., 90min.). A microscope(Olympus Coll Co. Japan) was used to examine a randomly selected central zone, midzone and surface for each complete specimen. The results of the experiment were as follows : 1. To obtain non-polymerzation, cure the resin for 30 minutes at 70$^{\circ}C$ and 100$^{\circ}C$ in a ring furnace. 2. To obtain with porosity, cure the resin for 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 75 mintes at 70$^{\circ}C$ and for 90 minutes at 150$^{\circ}C$ in ring furnace. Porosity appears in Laboron for 30 minutes, 45 minutes at 150$^{\circ}C$ in a ring furnace. 3. Every other specimens connot get a sight of special problem with makes eye in the made surface.