• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2017

Background: In Korea, 6-year-old ginseng root is economically more important than 4 or 5-year-old roots. In general, the root age is determined by counting the number of stem vestiges. However, this method does not accurately estimate ginseng root age. Methods and Results: In this study, the stem vestige counting method was used to survey a total of 18,395 fresh ginsengs cultured in 2014, and 2015, to determine the accuracy of this method. The proportion of 6-year-old roots, with more than four stem vestiges, was 46.1% in 2014. For the cultivar Chunpoong cultivated in Eumseong and Goesan countries in 2015, the proportion of more than four stem vestiges was 55.9%, and 43.5%, respectively. The proportion of more than four stem vestiges for the Gumpoong cultivated in Eumseong and Yangpyeong countries was 67.0%, and 35.1%, respectively, whereas that for the cultivar Yunpoong was 36.0% and 61.0%, respectively. Moreover, it was confirmed that differences in the levels of Rg1 will enable root age determination. Conclusions: Root age determination by the stem vestige test was found to differ depending on the environmental and cultivation conditions. To determine the age of ginseng roots, a comprehensive method, such as counting stem vestiges and evaluating differences in ginsenoside levels, should be applied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 1992

Life history, ginseng damage, and chemical control of the snail Acusta despecta sieboldiana Pfeiffer were investigated in the field and laboratory conditions from 1987 to 1990. Eggs of the snail were whitish globular and 1.,93${\pm}$ 0.09 mm in diameter which were deposited as egg mass composed of 28.4${\pm}$ 15.4 eggs. Egg period was 11.8${\pm}$ 1.6 days under the laboratory condition. Most eggs were laid during mid July in the field. The snail had a life cycle of a year and hibernated from November to April. Significant ginseng damages by the snail (over 10% to the total number of plants) were observed only in the three to five year old ginseng fields with rice straw mulching. Based on the dates that the first ginseng damages were observed and on the questionary examination, ginseng damages seemed to occur from May to July. Metaldehyde (6%) bait showed reliable control effects on the snail.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.238-243
• /
• 2017

Background: The production method of ginseng seedlings for ginseng cultivation is very important to ensure healthy rooting system as well as high quality, and yield of the resultant plants. This study was carried out to compare the growth characteristics of 2-year-old ginseng plants that were produced from seedlings grown in self soil nursery (SSN), nursery soil (NS) or hydroponic culture (HC). Methods and Results: The shading prop used was composed of four-layered 4 polyethylene (blue 3 + black 1) shade screen. The management of main field was done by inserting oil cake (1,200 kg/10 a) and then allowing Sudan grass to grow for a year. Seedling transplantation was carried out on April 6. Root growth was measured on October 25. Root weight was observed to be excellent at 6.0 g, following SSN transplantation. Root length was 21.2 cm for HC seedlings, but these plants had a physiological disorder (i.e., rusty root), in 83.5% plants of this treatment. The ratio of PD/PT (protopanaxadiol saponins / protopanaxatriol saponins) was higher in NS seedlings. Plant analysis revealed that Fe content was lower in HC seedlings with high rustiness. The growth of 2-years-old ginseng was different following these varying seedling cultivation methods, but seedlings from NS were not different from those grown in SSN. Conclusions: For the propagation of 2-year-old ginseng plants, NS seedlings may be a good substitute for SSN seedlings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 1993

In 61 abolished ginseng fields examined in 1986, the average plant missing was 49.2%, root rusting, 34.4%, and root rot, 3.3%. Plant missing was not different among the ages of ginseng fields; however, rate of root rusting was high in 3- and 4-year-old ginseng fields, and rate of root rot was high in 5- and 6-year-old ginseng fields, suggesting that root rusting and root rot were relatively more important factors related to the abolishment of ginseng filed in younger and older ginseng fields in 1986, respectively. Out of 61 ginseng fields, 18 were infested with more than 509) alternaria blights, and out of 19 fields with root rot, 2 were caused by Sclerotinia sp., 5 by potato rot nematode, and the causal agents were not identified in 12 fields. With increase of the ridge height, root rusting was significantly decreased, and plant missing rate was significantly lower in fields with straw mulching than those without mulching. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fields with more than 50fi root rusting, the contents of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$ and Ca were higher than those of good fields with less than 40% root rusting and plant missing. The population of Erwinia sp. was significantly corralled with plant missing.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1984

본 연구는 저연생 고려인삼의 재배위치에 따르는 광합성능력과 암호흡에 관련된 몇 가지 생태 및 생리적 특징의 계절적 변이를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 묘삼 및 2연근 인삼에서 엽면적은 후열에서 넓은 경향을 보였고, 엽중은 9월에 현저히 증가하였다. 엽록소 함량은 6월에 비해 9월에 현저히 감소하였고, 전열에 비해 후열에서 높은 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 2. 2연근의 경우 광보상점은 6월에는 전후열간 차이가 없었으나 9월에는 초삼 및 2연근에서 후열의 광보상점이 현저히 낮았고, 6월 및 9월에서 광포화점의 열간 및 계절간 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 다만 2연근의 $15^{\circ}C$에서의 광포화점은 6월이, 그리고 $20^{\circ}C$의 광포화점은 9월이 높은 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 3. 2연근에서 6월은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 전후열 모두 최대광합함량이 가장 높았으나 9월에는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 최고를 보였으며, 6월은 전후열간의 차이가 없었는데 반해 9월은 묘삼 및 2연근에서 모두 후열에서 오히려 최대 광합함량의 현저한 증가를 나타내었다. 4. 최대광합성에 적합한 온도는 2연근의 경우 6월은 1$14.0^{\circ}C$~$14.5^{\circ}C$였으나 9월에는, $19.5^{\circ}C$~$20.5^{\circ}C$였고, 묘요에서는 9월의 경우 21.$2^{\circ}C$~21.6$^{\circ}C$로서 전후열간 차이는 거의 없었다. 5. 2연근에 비해 묘삼의 호흡량이 현저히 많았으며, 또한 묘삼은 9월의 경우 전열에 비해 후열에서 호흡량이 적었는데, 2연근에서는 5월에 비해 9월의 호흡량이 증가되었고, 전열에 비해 후열의 호흡량이 약간 많은 경향이었다. 온도 상승에 따르는 호흡량의 증가율은 묘삼이 2연근에 비해 현저히 높았다. 6. 9월에 있어서 묘삼에 비해 2연근의 $Q_{10}$ 현저히 낮았으며, 2연근의 경우 6월에는 $15^{\circ}C$에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 상승시의 $Q_{10}$이, 그리고 9월에는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $30^{\circ}C$로 상승시의 Q$_{10}$이 각각 현저히 낮았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 4년근 인삼의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 효소적 가수분해 조건에 따른 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 인삼은 증숙 후 분쇄하여 가수분해 효소제 A, B, C 및 D 4종에 처리에 따른 품질특성을 조사한 결과 pH 5.5~5.6, 당도 4.0~4.33으로 큰 차이가 없었다. 조사포닌 함량은 D 효소제에서 가장 높았으며, B, C 및 A 순으로 나타났다. D 효소제의 농도 0.3%(w/w)까지 조사포닌, 환원당 및 총당 함량이 증가하였으며 이후에는 농도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 가수분해시간이 경과함에 따라 유효성분이 증가하였으나 3시간 이후 큰 변화는 없었으며, $60^{\circ}C$로 처리하였을 때 조사포닌 함량이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과 D 효소제, 효소제 농도 0.3% (w/w)로 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간의 조건이 가장 적합한 나타났으며 이때 환원당, 총당 및 조사포닌 함량은 각각 18.11, 36.21 및 4.23 mg/g으로 확인되었다. 따라서 효소적 가수분해 방법은 4년근 인삼의 유효성분 증가에 효과적으로 다양한 활용 방법이 기대되었다.

• 인삼문화
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.128-141
• /
• 2022

백령도는 인천광역시 옹진군에 속한 대한민국의 서해 최북단의 섬이고 면적은 51km²로 우리나라 섬 중에서 15번째로 크다. 1996년에 당시 한국담배인삼공사와 한국인삼연초연구소가 백령도에서 인삼의 재배 가능성을 조사하였다. 1997년에 옹진군의 재배 비용 지원에 힘입어 백령도에서는 최초로 인삼 묘포가 조성되었고, 1999년에 한국담배인삼공사와의 계약에 의해 밭에 묘삼(苗蔘)을 이식하였다. 2003년 본포에서 5년간 재배된 6년생의 첫 수확이 있었고 생산된 전량을 한국인삼공사에서 수매하였다. 이후 한국인삼공사는 2012년까지 2년생 밭을 계약하여 6년생이 된 2016년 가을까지 해당 밭에서 생산된 인삼을 수매하였다. 이후 2014년부터는 김포파주인삼농업협동조합과 계약하여 인삼을 생산하고 있다. 백령도의 6년생 재배 밭 9개소(총 5,961칸)를 조사한 결과 생육이 양호한 상위 5개소는 생존주율(生存株率)이 42.6~68%이고 생육이 부진한 하위 4개소는 생존주율이 11.1~21.3%로 매우 저조하였다. 생존주율이 저조한 4개소는 공통으로 전작물(前作物)이 다비성 작물인 고추였다. 고추재배 시 처리된 퇴비나 거름으로 인하여 토양에 질소 성분이 과잉 남아 인삼 뿌리를 썩게 하였을 것으로 판단된다. 전체 인삼밭의 평균 잎점무늬병 발병엽율(發病葉率)은 8.6%이었는데, 6년생 6개소는 1.1~4.7%로 발병엽율이 낮았으나 다른 3개소는 16.7~20.9%로 높게 나타났다. 결주(缺株)와 잎점무늬병 발병이 많은 것은 육지보다 적은 강우량 때문에 해가림 피복을 비가 새는 차광망으로 설치한 것이 원인으로 추정된다. 한편, 황갈색 반점형 황증이 3% 발생한 밭이 있었는데 토양 중 철 성분이 과잉으로 존재하여 인삼에 과다하게 흡수되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 백령도 인삼재배에서 생산성을 증대시키기 위해서는 토양에 대한 이화학적 분석 결과를 토대로 해서 과학적 방법으로 예정지 관리를 강화하여야 하며, 비가 새지 않는 차광지로 해가림하고, 점적관수 시설을 설치하는 등 백령도에 적합한 인삼경작법을 개발해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 백령도의 아름다운 자연환경에 인삼제품과 음식을 특화하여 인삼이 백령도의 새로운 발전 동력이 되기를 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 1983

Dehiscence of ginseng seeds under the various conditions, growing experiment in the different soil conditions, and growing experiment with extracts obtained by water passed the pot of 4 year ginseng plants were performed. The results obtained are as follows: The survival rate of ginseng plants in the soil of ginseng field sterilized by MIYAZAWA's method was higher than that of the non-sterilized, but lower than that of the control. The survival rate of ginseng plants on the sterilized soil of ginseng field was lower than that on the surrounding soil. The growth of ginseng plants cultivated with the water passed through the pot-planted 4-year-old ginseng plants was strongly inhibited in comparison with the control. Besides biological cause, chemical products excreted from the root of ginseng plants might be the important factors of soil sickness in the successive cultivation of the same plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.262-268
• /
• 1996

4-year-old fresh ginseng was stored for 12 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$ under the CA storage and samples were withdrawn after every 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks for processing of red ginseng. Antloxidative and cytotoxic activities of steamed red ginseng for the quality evaluation are summarized as follows: Reducible activity of water extract to 1, 1-dipenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl increased with increasing storage period. Antioxldative activity of red ginseng did not change in petroleum ether fraction, while it had a tendency to increase In the fractions of ethyl ether and ethyl acetate with increasing storage period. in contrast to fresh ginseng, malonaldehyde formation In heparin mlcrosome of red ginseng processed from fresh ginseng stored In CO2:O2:Nl (6:4:90) with a 0.5% DF-100 immersion condition decreased but was not changed significantly by the period of storage. Cytotoxic activity against cancer cell at a 40 mg/ml concentration of red ginseng slightly increased with an increase in storage period but no effect was observed at the concentration less than 10 mg/ml.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1528-1528
• /
• 2001

Ginseng cultivated in different country or growing condition has generally different components such as saponin and protein, and it relates to efficacy and action. Protein content assumes by nitrogen content in ginseng radix. Nitrogen content could be determined by chemical analysis such as kjeldahl or extraction methods. However, these methods require long analysis time and result environmental pollution and sample damage. In this work we investigated possibility of non-destructive determination of nitrogen content in ginseng radix using near-infrared spectroscopy. Ginseng radix, root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, was studied. Total 120 samples were used in this study and it was consisted of 6 sample sets, 4, 5 and 6-year-old Korea ginseng and 7, 8 and 9-year-old China ginseng, respectively. Each sample set has 20 sample. Nigrogen content was measured by electronic analysis. NIR reflectance spectra were collected over the 1100 to 2500 nm spectral region with a InfraAlyzer 500C (Bran+Luebbe, Germany) equipped with a halogen lapmp and PbS detector and data were collected every 2 nm data point intervals. The calibration models were carried out by multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis using IDAS and SESAME software. Result of electronic analysis, Korean ginseng were different mean value in nitrogen content of China ginseng. Ginseng tend to generally decrease the nitrogen content according as cultivation year is over 6 years. The MLR calibration model with 8 wavelengths using IDAS software accurately predicted nitrogen contents with correlation coefficient (R) and standard error of prediction of 0.985 and 0.855%, respectively. In case of SESAME software, the MLR calibration with 9 wavelength was selected the best calibration, R and SEP were 0.972 and 0.596%, respectively. The PLSR calibration model result in 0.969 of R and 0.630 of RMSEP. This study shows the NIR spectroscopy could be applied to determine the nitrogen content in ginseng radix with high accuracy.