• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1987

To examine the morphogenetic response, stem segments of 8 Populus spp. and 3 different explants of P. nigra var. italica were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) medium containing various phytohormones. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Shoot regeneration and development from stem segment of 8 Populus spp. showed a quite difference according to the section and the species. All of the species of Leuce and Tacamahaca section did not form adventitious buds, while most of explants showed axillary or dormant bud elongation after 4 weeks. But P. nigra var. italica of Aigeiros section showed a successful adventitious bud formation (mean 5.4 buds per explant). 2. Leaf, petiole, and internode segment of P. nigra var. italica showed a quite differences according to media and ex plants upon the morphogenetic response. Adventitious bud formation from leaf was more abundant and readily initiated on the abaxial side than on the adaxial side. Mean number of 103 adventitious buds per explant was obtained from abaxial side of leaf segment cultured on WPM medium containing $0.2mg/{\ell}$ BAP for 5 weeks. 3. 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) supplemented to media appeared to be negative upon the adventitious bud formation of P. nigra var. italica, while it promoted callus formation from all explants. Especially, NAA (${\alpha}$-naphtalene acetic acid) or NAA combination with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) promoted root regeneration from the all explant of P. nigra var. italica in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 1988

The leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa were isolated from leaf of plantlet in vitro and cultured for plant regeneration. The MS medium (minus $NH_4NO_3$) with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l 2, 4-D showed the moderate frequency of dividing protoplasts cultured by the liquid plating method during the first week of culture. The percentage of colony formation was revealed the highest frequency by the gauze contained semi-solid agar plating method after 5 weeks cultured. Ridding out the gauze, the micro-callus was formed on the same semi-solid medium in 8 weeks after protoplasts culture. For proliferation of callus, mini-callus was transferred on the MS solid medium with 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l BAP 12 weeks after culture. Shoot regeneration occurred when the calli derived from protoplasts were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l zeatin and such shoots could be readily rooted on the one half strengthen MS medium with non-phytohormone. Rooting shoots were planted in green-house 22 weeks after protoplast culture.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1992

Artemisia annua contains the antimalarial principle, artemisinin. The possibility of the production of this compound through tissue culture technique was studied. The optimum combinations of hormones for the induction of callus were p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(pcPA) and 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) or pcPA and N-isopentenylaminopurine(2iP) in 0.05 mg/l each. For the growth of callus, the same combination of pcPA and BAP was optimum in concentrations of $1.0\;{\mu}M\;and\;0.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively, and the optimal concentration of sucrose was also found to be 2%(w/v). Tissue culture from the crown gall grew faster than normal callus. In the suspension culture broth and the cells of normal callus or Agrobacterium-transformed tumors, arteannuic acid and 11,12-dihydroarteannuic acid were found together with common phytosterols, whereas artemisinin was not found.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 1998

Callus induction from leaf and stem explants of Arabidopsis thaliana was successfully obtained when leaf explants were cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D in the dark and also, when stem explants were cultured on CP medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP. Explant-derived sliced calli were suspension-subcultured every week in CP liquid medium with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP in the dark, and shoot-forming cell clusters of nodular, pale yellow and knobby type were selected after 7-8 weeks of culture. Shoots were initiated from the green spots of the selected shoot forming calli cultured on MS regeneration medium containing 0.05 mg/L IAA, 7.0 mg/L 2-iP and 30 g/L sucrose under continous illumination for four weeks. Shoot regeneration frequency (calli regenerating at least one shoot) was more than 50%. For plant regeneration, excised shoots were trnasferred to hormone free medium for root initiation after 4 weeks of culture. The regenerants were bolting after 2 weeks of culture and formed in vitro flowering buds within bracts after 4 weeks of culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2004

Plantlet regeneration from the shoot apex was studied in three different genotypes of the chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) cv. Jnagma and Danma, Dunggunma. The effects of plant growth regulators and inorganic salts concentration of the culture medium on bud induction and shoot growth were examined. The combinations of 0.2 mg/L BAP + 0.2mg/L kinetin, 0.01mg/L NAA + 0.2 mg/L kinetin and a single treatment of 0.2mg/L BAP were equally effective for bud and shoot formation from the shoot apices in the three cultivars. Auxin (2,4-D, NAA) treatment enhanced calli formation from the cultured apices. Also, the shoot apices of the cv. Dunggunma produced more callus and buds on the culture medium (MS) containing 0.05mg/L NAA and 0.5-1.0mg/L SAP. Lower salt strength of medium inhibited shoot elongation but did not have much effect on the shoot and bud induction from the shoot apices. These results will be useful to obtain disease-free plants of the Chinese yam.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.75-85
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• 1988

The concentration of 50 mM Nacl inhibited the shoot growth of P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii in viro culture. The punctured leaves have produced so many individuals on MS basal medium with cytokinin. Especially MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l showed the best shoot performance in which the average number of shoots were 127.6. For selection of NaCl tolerance shoot of poplar, punctured leaves were inoculated on MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l and various concentrations of NaCl(from 10 mM to 100 mM graded by 10 mM). On the medium with over 50mM of NaCl, 13.7 to 15.7 shoots were obtained. Especially on the medium with go mM and 100mM. 10.7 and 8.3 shoots, respectively. The shoots derived from control medium (non-NaCl) were depressed growth, while the selected shoots from MS with NaCl showed good growth performance on MS basal medium with 50 mM of NaCl. From this results, we suggested that the possibility of in vitro selection to tolerance for inorganic salts in forest tree species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1995

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Dianthus superbus were cultured in MSP1 liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP, 2.0 mg/L NAA and 9% mannitol. Protoplast-derived colonies were formed after 3 to 4 weeks of culture in the dark at 27$^{\circ}C$. These colonies were kept under continuous illumination (21.5 $\mu$E. m-2 sec-1) for 2 weeks and finally most of the colonies became green microcalli, about 3 mm in diameter. When green microcalli were transferred to MS solidified medium with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, they formed embryogenic calli after 4 week of culture. These calli were then transferred onto $N_{6}$ medium containing 0.1mg/L 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 2.0 mg/L kinetin and 2.0 g/L casein hydrolysate and cultured under illumination. After 5 weeks of culture the calli gave rise to multiple shoots of 10 to 15 per callus. Upon transfer onto MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L NAA, they were noted. The regenerates were successfully transplanted into potting soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Using calli of $Muscari$ $armeniacum$ cv. 'Early Giant' that is monocotyledonous ornamental bulb crop with increasing demand in Korea, we carried out current studies to establish an in vitro multiple propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis. We found that soft pale yellow green calli were induced from leaf explants cultured on all media containing 0.1~3.0 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ auxins such as 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). However, induced calli showed vigorous growth only when they further transferred on same media containing 2,4-D, 4-amino-3,5,6-tri-chloropicolinic acid (picloram), or 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). Although frequency of somatic embryo induction depended on callus source and PGR composition in somatic embryo induction media, somatic embryogenesis was initiated on surface of proliferated calli after transferring on media with no PGR or 0.01 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA co-supplemented with various cytokinins such as $N^6$-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Highest number of embryo at 9.3 per callus clump was obtained when calli which were grown under 0.1 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ picloram supplementation were sub-cultured on medium with 0.01 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and 0.5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP. In addition, morphological characteristics of somatic embryo were categorized into following nine phases: globular, biased heart, biased torpedo, early cotyledonary, middle cotyledonary, late cotyledonary, early sprouting, middle sprouting, and late sprouting embryos.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

For the establishment of early selection of heat-tolerant clones through in vitro tuberization of true potato seeds, different temperature treatments for in vitro tuberization were investigated. The ratios of tuberization at 2$0^{\circ}C$ on var. Superior and DTO-33 treated with 5 mg/L of BAP and 500 mg/L of CCC, were 85% and 92%, respectively. At 3$0^{\circ}C$, the ratio of tuberization on DTO-33 was 37%, which revealed strongly heat-tolerant clone. In culture system of in vitro tuberization, the number of tubers per flask at 2$0^{\circ}C$ on non-subculture incubation was more than that on subculture incubation. The condition of non-subculture and short-day treatment for 4 weeks was good for production as 10.6 tubers per flask, which was very similar to that of long-day treatment. On the other hand, tuber diameter on long-day treatment was greater as 11.2 mm than on short-day treatment. Therefore, in vitro tuberization from true potato seeds could be induced under the condition of long-day treatment at darkness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of medium composition, physical condition and growth regulators on prothallus proliferation in 3 fern species belonging to Aspleniaceae (Asplenium incisum, Camptosorus sibiricus and Phyllitis scolopendrium). In all of the 3 species, the effective medium for prothallus proliferation was Murashige and Skoog's basal medium with 1% sucrose and pH 5.8. The optimum $NH_4^+:NO_3^-$ concentration ratio of protahllus proliferation was 20:40mM (1:2 ratio) in A. incisum and P. scolopendrium and 30:30mM (1:1 ratio) in C. sibiricus. However, agar content of medium did not affect the rate of prothallus proliferation. Among the selected 6 kinds of growth regulators (NAA, IAA, 2,4-D, BAP, kinetin and lip), cytokinins generally has a promotive effect, but auxins showed an inhibitory effect on prothallus growth.