• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2007

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) in Deinococcus radiophilus, an extraordinarily UV-resistant bacterium, was investigated to gain insight into its resistance as it was shown to be involved in a scavenging system of superoxide $(O_2^{-1})$ and peroxide $(O_2^{-2})$ generated by UV and oxidative stresses. D. radiophilus possesses two G6PDH isoforms: G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2, both showing dual coenzyme specificity for NAD and NADP. Both enzymes were detected throughout the growth phase; however, the substantial increase in G6PDH-1 observed at stationary phase or as the results of external oxidative stress indicates that this enzyme is inducible under stressful environmental conditions. The G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2 were purified 122- and 44-fold (using NADP as cofactor), respectively. The purified G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2 had the specific activity of 2,890 and 1,033 U/mg protein (using NADP as cofactor) and 3,078 and 1,076 U/mg protein (using NAD as cofactor), respectively. The isoforms also evidenced distinct structures; G6PDH-1 was a tetramer of 35 kDa subunits, whereas G6PDH-2 was a dimer of 60kDa subunits. The pIs of G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2 were 6.4 and 5.7, respectively. Both G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2 were inhibited by both ATP and oleic acid, but G6PDH-1 was found to be more susceptible to oleic acid than G6PDH-2. The profound inhibition of both enzymes by ${\beta}-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic$ acid suggests the involvement of lysine at their active sites. $Cu^{2+}$ was a potent inhibitor to G6PDH-2, but a lesser degree to G6PDH-1. Both G6PDH-1 and G6PDH-2 showed an optimum activity at pH 8.0 and $30^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Recently, multimedia streaming service has been activated, and the demand for high-quality multimedia convergence contents services is predicted to increase significantly in the future. The issues of the increasing network load due to the rise of multimedia streaming traffic must be addressed in order to provide QoS guaranteed services. To do this, an efficient network resource management and mobility support technologies are needed through seamless mobility support for heterogeneous networks. Therefore, in this paper, an MIH technology was used to recognize the network situation information in advance and reduce packet loss due to handover delays, and an ACLMIH-FHPMIPv6 is designed that can provide an intelligent interface through introducing a hierarchical mobility management technique in FPMIPv6 integrated network.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.828-841
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• 2022

This study aims to develop a fitted torso pattern suitable for males in their forties and fifties who are obese-a group that accounts for more than fifty percent of men in this age group-using a 3D virtual fitting program. Size Korea's 2022 data for obese males in their forties and fifties is utilized for this study. In terms of the research method, a 3D program (CLO 3D) is used to implement the target group's various body types and to apply fitted torsos that enable verification and evaluation of the pattern's fit and ease. The characteristics of fitted torso patterns for obese bodies are as follows: the front centerline is a profile line; shoulder darts are added by reflecting waist-abdominal protrusion in the front panel; and shoulder, arm, waist, and center-back darts are constructed for the back panel. For obese bodies, the minimum circumference ease amounts should be approximately 6-7cm for the chest, 6cm for the waist, and 6-7cm for the hips. Based on an evaluation of the virtual fit of the developed fitted torso pattern, the data shows that a pattern (foundation) such as this is well suited for obese body types with an average of 4.67/5 points for reverse triangular obesity, an average of 6.67/7 points for log obesity, and an average of 6.69 points for the ease amount.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2024

Objectives: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and an excessive inflammatory response. Agents that can attenuate keratinocyte hyperproliferation and excessive inflammatory responses are considered potentially useful for the treatment of psoriasis. Daehwangmokdanpitang (DHMDPT) exhibits a broad range of bioactivities, including anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to evaluate the anti-psoriatic potential of DHMDPT in vitro. Methods: HaCaT keratinocytes were stimulated with a mixture of IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, IL-1α, and TNF-α (M5) to establish an in vitro psoriatic keratinocyte model. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA levels of the hyperproliferative marker gene keratin 6 (KRT6) and inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-23A. Additionally, chemokines including CCL5, CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL1 were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: DHMDPT attenuated M5-induced hyperproliferation, as indicated by a reduction in KRT6 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. M5 stimulation significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-23A. However, DHMDPT treatment attenuated the upregulation of IL-6 but not TNF-α or IL-23A. Additionally, DHMDPT inhibited the expression of CCL5, CCL2, and CXCL1, but not CCL20. Conclusion: DHMDPT effectively attenuated the M5-induced proliferation and inflammatory response in HaCaT keratinocytes. Therefore, DHMDPT could be an attractive candidate for future development as an anti-psoriatic agent.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.504-514
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• 2014

An MMIC multi-function chip with a low DC power consumption for an X-band active phased array radar system has been designed and fabricated using a 0.5 ${\mu}m$ GaAs p-HEMT commercial process. The multi-function chip provides several functions: 6-bit phase shifting, 6-bit attenuation, transmit/receive switching, and signal amplification. The fabricated multi-function chip with a compact size of $16mm^2(4mm{\times}4mm)$ exhibits a gain of 10 dB and a P1dB of 14 dBm from 7 GHz to 11 GHz with a DC low power consumption of only 0.6 W. The RMS(Root Mean Square) errors for the 64 states of the 6-bit phase shift and attenuation were measured to $3^{\circ}$ and 0.6 dB, respectively over the frequency.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2241-2247
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• 2007

A new series of chiral bent-shaped liquid crystals with an asymmetric central core based on 1,6- dihydroxynaphthalene and chiral terminal chain prepared from (S)-(?)-2-methyl-1-butanol, 1,6-naphthalene bis[4-(4-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl)]benzoates [N(1,6)-n-O-PIMB(n-2)*-(n-4)O (n = 8-11)] were synthesized. Their mesomorphic properties and phase structures were investigated by means of electro-optical, polarization reversal current, and second harmonic generation measurements in order to confirm the relationship between the molecular structure and phase structure. All odd n (n = 9 and 11) compounds, N(1,6)-9-O-PIMB7*-5O and N(1,6)-11-O-PIMB9*-7O exhibit antiferroelectric phase, whereas even n (n = 8 and 10) compounds was flexible, N(1,6)-10-O-PIMB8*-6O exhibits the ferroelectric phase but N(1,6)-8-O-PIMB6*-4O exhibits the antiferroelectric phase. These results come from the decrease of the closed packing efficiency within a layer and the lack of uniform interlayer interaction between adjacent layers, which were caused by the asymmetrical naphthalene central core. Thus, we concluded that the structure of central core as well as the terminal chain plays an important role for the emergence of particular polar ordering in phase structures.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.620-626
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• 2015

In this paper, a 2~6 GHz wideband GaN power amplifier MMIC is designed and fabricated using a second-order all-pass filter for input impedance matching and an LC parallel resonant circuit for minimizing an output reactance component of the transistor. The second-order all-pass filter used for wideband lossy matching is modified in an asymmetric configuration to compensate the effect of channel resistance of the GaN transistor. The power amplifier MMIC chip that is fabricated using a $0.25{\mu}m$ GaN HEMT foundry process of Win Semiconductors, Corp. is $2.6mm{\times}1.3mm$ and shows a flat linear gain of about 13 dB and input return loss of larger than 10 dB. Under a saturated power mode, it also shows output power of 38.6~39.8 dBm and a power-added efficiency of 31.3~43.4 % in 2 to 6 GHz.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5443-5447
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• 2014

The cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare cancer worldwide but it is highly prevalent in Thailand where the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini is endemic. There are reports that interleukin 6 (IL-6) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis associated CCA. Functionally, IL-6 can act on target cells through its receptor, IL-6R, and IL-6R polymorphisms may affect the functional activity of IL-6 leading to susceptibility to cholangiocarcinogenesis. Therefore, we assessed the association of the 48892 A/C (Asp358Ala) polymorphism in exon 9 of the IL-6R gene in 79 CCA cases compared to 80 healthy controls using the PCR-RFLP technique. The results showed significant differences between CCA cases and controls in overall genotype (p=0.001) and allele frequencies (p=0.0002). Chi-square for trend test revealed a significant association between genotype and CCA susceptibility (p=0.0002). The odds ratios (ORs) for genotype were 0.283 (95% CI=0.131-0.605, AC vs. AA; p=0.0003) and 0.206 (95% CI=0.196-1.245, CC vs. AA; p=0.0416), the OR for alleles was 0.347 (95% CI=0.187-0.633, allele C vs. allele A; p=0.0002) and that for the carrier C variant was 0.272 (95% CI=0.130-0.564; p=0.0001). This study demonstrated a close association between an IL-6R polymorphism, specifically higher A allele, and cholangiocarcinoma.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2006

In next generation wireless networks, an application must be capable of rating service information in real-time and prior to initiation of the service it is necessary to check whether the end user's account provides coverage for the requested service. However, to provide prepaid services effectively, credit-control should have minimal latency. In an endeavor to support real-time credit-control for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), we design an implementation architecture model of credit-control authorization. The proposed integrated model combines a typical credit-control authorization procedure into the MIPv6 authentication procedure. We implement it on a single server for minimal latency. Thus, the server can perform credit-control authorization and MIPv6 authentication simultaneously. Implementation details are described as software blocks and units. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. latency of credit-control authorization is measured according to various Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication mechanisms. The performance results indicate that the proposed approach has considerably low latency compared with the existing separated models, in which credit-control authorization is separated from the MIPv6 authentication.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2010

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immuneregulative effects of electro-acupouncture(EA) at SP6(Sameumgyo) in aged rats. The author performed several experimental items including blood cell counts, blood chemistry, measurement of various oxidants and antioxidants in liver and spleen, analysis of various cytokines in spleen. The results are as follows. Results: 1. EA at SP6 significantly reduced the number of platelets in blood. 2. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased catalase activity in liver. 3. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased SOD activity, catalase activity and glutathione concentration in spleen. 4. EA at SP6 restored the increase of IL-4, IL-6 and the decrease of IFN-$\gamma$ in aged rat spleen. Conclusion: According to these results, it is postulated that EA at SP6 has an antioxidative effect through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and inhibiting production of oxidized substances, as well as an immune regulative effect in aging process. In consequence, it is presumed that EA at SP6 may have an anti-aging effect.