• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2012

In Sasang constitutional medicine, doctors diagnose and treat patients according to their Sasang consitutition (SC) type. In this work, by a clinical test with a radial pulse tonometer, we investigated radial pulse properties which were significant in distinguishing unhealthy subjects from healthy subjects for each SC type. We measured radial pulse properties on left and right Gwan locations with a pulse tonometer for 299 elderly female subjects of age of 50 years old or above. We used a newly developed SCAT system to determine subjects' SC types. Subjects' health levels of either healthy or unhealthy were determined independently by two Korean medical doctors. To investigate the statistical differences, we used either of Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the normality of distribution of test statistic. For TE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in heart rate, systolic to diastolic period, pulse depth, while they showed significant decreases in width of pulse in normal direction, pulse area in diastolic period, and high harmonic components (6th, 7th) of power spectral density. For SE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in pulse pressure and pulse depth, while no significant differences were found for SY type. We investigated the characteristic differences in radial pulse properties due to change in health levels on each SC type for elderly females. Pulse variables which were significantly different between healthy subjects and unhealthy subjects were found to vary between SC types. For TE type subjects, many variables were found significant at the left Gwan location, which is in support of the theory of hyperactive liver functioning for TE type. Irrespective of the constitution, the related changes in the pulse properties due to worsened health level were in support of elevated blood flow amount in compensation with weakened blood circulatory function.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.321-325
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• 2020

The present study demonstrates the effect of magnetic pulse compaction and spark plasma sintering on the microstructure and mechanical property of a sintered W body. The relative density of green specimens prepared by magnetic pulse compaction increases with increase in applied pressure, but when the applied pressure is 3.4 GPa or more, some cracks in the specimen are observed. The pressureless-sintered W shows neck growth between W particles, but there are still many pores. The sintered body fabricated by spark plasma sintering exhibits a relative density of above 90 %, and the specimen sintered at 1,600 ℃ after magnetic pulse compaction shows the highest density, with a relative density of 93.6 %. Compared to the specimen for which the W powder is directly sintered, the specimen sintered after magnetic pulse compaction shows a smaller crystal grain size, which is explained by the reduced W particle size and microstructure homogenization during the magnetic pulse compaction process. Sintering at 1,600 ℃ led to the largest Vickers hardness value, but the value is slightly lower than that of the conventional W sintered body, which is attributed mainly to the increased grain size and low sintering density.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2012

Pulse rate is known to be related to diverse phenotypes, such as cardiovascular diseases, lifespan, arrhythmia, hypertension, lipids, diabetes, and menopause. We have reported two genomewide significant genetic loci responsible for the variation in pulse rate as a part of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project, the genomewide association study (GWAS) that was conducted with 352,228 single nucleoride polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects in the Korean population. GJA1 was implied as a functionally causal gene for pulse rate from the KARE study, but lacked evidence of replication. To re-evaluate the association of a locus near GJA1 with pulse rate, we looked up this signal in another GWAS conducted in a Health Examinee-shared cohort of 3,703 samples. Not only we were able to confirm two pulse rate loci (1q32.2a near CD46 and 6q22.13c near LOCL644502) identified in the KARE GWAS, we also replicated a locus (6q22.31c) near GJA1 by the lookup in the Health Examinee GWAS. Considering that the GJA1-encoded protein is a major component of cardiac gap junctions, a functional study might be necessary to validate its genuine molecular biological role in the synchronized contraction of the heart.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This paper present an 8kbps ACLMS-MPC(Amplitude Compensation and Least Mean Square - Multi Pulse Coding) coding method integrated with ACFBD-MPC(Amplitude Compensation Frequency Band Division - Multi Pulse Coding) and LMS-MPC(Least Mean Square - Multi Pulse Coding) used V/UV/S(Voiced / Unvoiced / Silence) switching, compensation in a multi-pulses each pitch interval and Unvoiced approximate-synthesis by using specific frequency in order to reduce distortion of synthesis waveform. In integrating several methods, it is important to adjust the bit rate of voiced and unvoiced sound source to 8kbps while reducing the distortion of the speech waveform. In adjusting the bit rate of voiced and unvoiced sound source to 8 kbps, the speech waveform can be synthesized efficiently by restoring the individual pitch intervals using multi pulse in the representative interval. I was implemented that the ACLMS-MPC method and evaluate the SNR of APC-LMS in coding condition in 8kbps. As a result, SNR of ACLMS-MPC was 15.0dB for female voice and 14.3dB for male voice respectively. Therefore, I found that ACLMS-MPC was improved by 0.3dB~1.8dB for male voice and 0.3dB~1.6dB for female voice compared to existing MPC, ACFBD-MPC and LMS-MPC. These methods are expected to be applied to a method of speech coding using sound source in a low bit rate such as a cellular phone or internet phone. In the future, I will study the evaluation of the sound quality of 6.9kbps speech coding method that simultaneously compensation the amplitude and position of multi-pulse source.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1981

Sizing of artificial flaws is accomplished by ultrasonic Satellite- Pulse Technigue(SPT). Negligible error is found.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.981-986
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• 2000

A pulse amplitude modulation(PAM) controller is designed for the 3 axis attitude control of a sounding rocket. a certain number of fixed level of thrust are used for the pulse amplitude modulation and the nonlinearity of the controller is considered to examine the existence of the limit cycles and the stability analysis is carried out with the aid of Nyquist plot.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1989.02a
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• pp.36-38
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• 1989

We have developed Magnetic Pulse Compression System to realize repetitive excimer laser excitation. The principle of this system is to use the large change in permiability owing to the nolinear characteristics of ferro-magnetic material (Metglas2605s-2 metal ribon). Prior to the laser operation, the MPC system was tested with a dummy load (5$\Omega$) and laser head. Laser head has a discharge volume of 1.0 (w) x 2.0 (h) x 20.0(1) cm. This MPC system compressed a 6.2us (FWHM), 80 A pulse into a 0.4us(FWHM), 1.3kA pulse.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.785-802
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• 2013

Ready-mixed soil material, known as a kind of controlled low-strength material, is a new way of soil cement combination. It can be used as backfill materials. In this paper, artificial neural network and nonlinear regression approach were applied to predict the compressive strength of ready-mixed soil material containing Portland cement, slag, sand, and soil in mixture. The data used for analyzing were obtained from our testing program. In the experiment, we carried out a mix design with three proportions of sand to soil (e.g., 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6). In addition, blast furnace slag partially replaced cement to improve workability, whereas the water-to-binder ratio was fixed. Testing was conducted on samples to estimate its engineering properties as per ASTM such as flowability, strength, and pulse velocity. Based on testing data, the empirical pulse velocity-strength correlation was established by regression method. Next, three topologies of neural network were developed to predict the strength, namely ANN-I, ANN-II, and ANN-III. The first two models are back-propagation feed-forward networks, and the other one is radial basis neural network. The results show that the compressive strength of ready-mixed soil material can be well-predicted from neural networks. Among all currently proposed neural network models, the ANN-I gives the best prediction because it is closest to the actual strength. Moreover, considering combination of pulse velocity and other factors, viz. curing time, and material contents in mixture, the proposed neural networks offer better evaluation than interpolated from pulse velocity only.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the most accurate technique measuring the apical pulse rate, using three counting duration 15, 30 and 60 seconds, and two methods start ‘0’ and start ‘1’. The instrument used in the study was the EKG monitor, stethoscope and stopwatch. Data was analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN program. General characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, SD. The subject of this research is made up of 46 children and 20 nurses. The children were infants, & under the age of 5. They were hospitalised in PICU & NICU in 2 tertiary hospitals in seoul from Jan. 1. 1998 to Sep. 10. 1998. The measurement of starting 1 & measurement of starting ‘0’ used the T-test to find out the measurement error. Apical pulse duration of 15, 30, 60 seconds were used to find out measurement error, the measurement error depend on experience of Nurse were analyzed by using ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows. 1. When comparing the starting poin of apical pulse 0&1, starting with 1 the measurement error is less, but not statiscally significant. 2. When counting the apical pulse by 15, 30,60 sec. ; 60 seconds counting duration was more accurate, but not statistically significant. 3. The mean of measure error ; Group under 100/min, is 10.33 ; from 100 re 119/min, is 8.30 ; from 120 to 139/min, is 4.76 ; from 140 to 159/min, is 6.09 ; above 160, is 17.83. The differences of these groups are statistically significant. When 60sec were counted, under 140/min the mean of measurement error is 3.4. Also when 30 seconds were counted from 140/min to 159/min the measurement error is 7.14, above 160/min the measurement error is 16.4. That measurement mean is the smallest than the other durations. During the 15 sec. count the measurement error was the largest of them all. 4. By the experience of the nurses, the apical pulse count measurement error was discovered. Under a year experience this measurement error was the largest(11.09), 1 year to under 3 years, the error is the smallest(4.86). 3 year to under 6 years the error is 8.33, 5 years above the error is 6.11 but this is not statistical significant. Under a year experience when counting 15, 30, 60 seconds the error is the largest. The group of the nurses from a year to under 3 years, the measurement error is the smallest of all the groups. The result of the study is to determine the technique measuring the apical pulse rate, Hargest (1974), starting point ‘0’ is not proved. When the pulse rate increases the 30 sec measurement rate is accurate. Under 140/min the 60 sec measurement rate is the most accurate. Depending on the nurses experiences, there is a variable difference to the apical pulse rate measurement. Especially new nurses training courses should enforce the children’s pulse rate count and the basic vital signs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2008

Objective : The quantification of pulse diagnosis is an important subject utilizing as a modernization of Oriental medical diagnosis and as a basic data for collaborative access between East and West Medicine. This study was to observe the tendency of pulse diagnosis in atopic dermatitis patients as measured by pulse diagnostic apparatus. Methods : We did pulse diagnostic test about 11 new outpatients who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyunghee oriental medical center from March 1, 2007 to October 31, 2007 and had atopic dermatitis. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Among the 11 outpatients, the total number of male patients were 5 and female patients were 6, and the age distribution, the most frequently visited age groups were 10-19 years old and 20-29 years old(each 4 patients). 2. The most common period of onset to first examination were 3 years${\leq}$ (7 patients). 3. There were 8 patients who had emphasized T-wave. 4. There were 7 patients who had repeated pulse wave pattern. Conclusion : In 11 cases who had atopic dermatitis, 8 patients had emphasized T-wave and 7 patients had repeated pulse wave pattern.