• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.656-664
• /
• 2015

To produce high quality watermelon, three tetraploid watermelon breeding lines (‘SA03-1’, ‘SA06-1’ and ‘SB01-1’) were developed by treatment with different chromosome doubling reagents. To identify the optimal tetraploid inductive conditions, the three watermelon breeding lines were selected by counting the number of doubled chloroplasts in guard cells. Tetraploid induction rates differed depending on the genotypes and treatment with doubling reagents. However, the highest induction rate occurred with 1.0% colchicine (82.2%). These putative tetraploid lines were re-confirmed for ploidy using flow cytometric analysis and chromosome counting. The internode length of the tetraploid breeding lines was different when the leaf size was larger in all three tetraploid lines compared to their diploids. The fruit weight of the tetraploid fruits for ‘SA03-1’ and ‘SB01-1’ was lower than for their diploid, and the rind thickness and total sugar content (°Brix) of tetraploid SB01-1 were significantly different from those of its diploid. Tetraploid lines were sterile, yielded a lower number of seeds per fruit for ‘SA03-1’ (21), ‘SA06-1’ (62), and ‘SB01-1’ (34.7), and the seeds were larger and thicker than those of their diploids. These tetraploid breeding results will be useful for breeding new seedless watermelon cultivars.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.284-290
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to breed a self-compatible variety of Tiger Lily from the seedlings originated from Chinju city, Gyeongsangnam-do. The morphological characteristics, ploidy, and the resistance of seedlings to virus infection were investigated. A progeny test was also conducted to examine whether the propagated progenies had the same characteristics as the mother plant. The self-compatible diploid lily variety developed in this study showed a tall type like native triploid lily, Lilium tigrinum, and bulbils were formed on both lily varieties. The morphological characteristics of the flowers and leaves were not much different between the varieties, while the size of the bulbils and bulbs showed significant differences. The percentage of seed generation by self-pollination was 72.6% for the self-compatible variety, while there was no seed generated for native triploid lily. The number of chromosome was 2n = 26 (x = 13, diploid) for the self-compatible variety, while 2n = 39 (x = 13, triploid) in native lily variety. The progenies of the self-compatible diploid lily variety showed the same characteristics as those of its mother plant in morphology, seed germination, and polyploidy. The mother plant of the self-compatible diploid lily variety showed 58% pollen germination and the 2-year-old and 3-year-old progenies showed similar germination percentages. The pollen grains of Korean native triploid lily, however, never germinated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1989

To evaluate the quality of lipids and their fatty acid compositions in diploid and triploid carps(Cyprinus carpio), we analyzed the compositions of neutral lipid, phospholipid and glycolipid, and fatty acid contents of each lipids in these carp muscles. Total lipid contents of diploid carps, nonspawning season and spawning season, and triploid carp were $2.5\~3.0\%,\;1.4\~1.9\%\;and\;2.4\~3.1\%$, respectively. Regardless of belly and dorsal muscles, diploid carp of nonspawning season and triploid one were higher in neutral lipid, but lower in glycolipid and phospholipid than those of diploid one of spawning season. The neutral lipid and phospholipid were mainly consisted of triglyceride($66.9\~86.1\%$), and phosphatidyl-choline($55.6\~62.9\%$), respectively. In fatty acid compositions of total lipid, triploid carp showed higher content in monoenes such as 16: 1, 18: 1, but lower in polyenes such as 22:6 than those of diploid carp. The major fatty acids in total lipid were 18:1, 16:9, 18:2, 18:3 and 16:1 in order. The fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids showed similar trend to those of total lipid, and the major fatty acids in phospholipid were 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 22:6, These fatty acid compositions of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were slightly difference between dorsal and belly muscles in all the carps.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to clarify the acclimatization rate and ploidy level of anther culture-derived plants in broccoli. The acclimatization rate from 71.4 to 100% was obtained from 7 varieties in 2 years. It was possible to identify the ploidy of the Plants obtained through anther culture by measuring the number of chloroplast in the guard cell. The average numbers of chloroplasts per guard cell in haploid diploid, and tetraploid were 8.5, 13.5 and 18.5, respectively. The regenerated plants could be classified based on these results into 47.1-51.3% of haploids, 47.9∼51.7%, diploid, and 0.8∼l.2% of tetraploids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2012

This experiment was carried out to report some data such as survival rate, tetraploid production efficiency, and agronomic characteristics of offspring from the induced tetraploid by the colchicine treatment in rye. The colchicine was soaked with 0.05%, 12 hours in dark condition and at two growth stages (green seed and 2nd leaf stage) in diploid ryes. Flow cytometry (FC) was proved to be efficient and rapid tool for screening ploidy levels in rye, showing around 40 to 60 in DNA amount (DAP1) corresponding to diploid and 80 to 110 tetraploid. There were 18.5% of survival rate at green seed treatment and 78% at 2nd leaf stage in average of two rye cultivars, Gogu and Jogreen, but in reverse 50.9% and 1.1% in the ratio of tetraploid to total tillers among the plants survived, respectively, resulting in 9.42% of tetraploid production rate in green seed treatment and 0.86% at 2nd leaf stage, respectively. In green seed treatment, there were 33% of survival rate in Gogu, 4% in Jogreen in 1st year, but 56% in Gogu, 21% in Jogreen and 49% in Charmgreen, respectively. The rate of tetraploid to total spikes among survived was 53.7% in Gogu, 32.4% in Jogreen, and 50.9% in average in 1st year, and 64.1% in Gogu, 51.5% in Jogreen, 60% in Charmgreen, and 60.5% in average in 2nd year. In green seed treatment, tetraploid production rate (survival rate ${\times}$ tetraploid ratio ${\times}$ 100) was 17.7% in Gogu and 1.3% in Jogreen and 9.42% in average in 1st year, and 35.9% in Gogu, 10.8% in Jogreen, 29.4% in Charmgreen, and 25.4% in average of three diploid rye cultivars. By the colchicine treatment with 0.05% for 12 hours in Gogu and Jogreen, 35 tetraploid plants were obtained and they produced 2,673 seeds with 148 spikes. There were 3.3-4.4 in the number of spikes per plant, 15.6-18.3 in grain number per spike, and 37.6 g in Gogu and 46.8 g in Jogreen in the 1,000-grain weight.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.2
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2013

Herein we analyzed the nuclear DNA content and the histological characteristics of the triploid of the 'Hyunsasi' (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$) which were developed for biomass production and molecular breeding research. The flow cytometric analysis showed that the nuclear DNA content of the 3 triploids were 1.6 times greater than those of the diploid. In terms of histological characteristics, the cross-section area of the stem of 'Line-18' was 1.6 times larger than that of the diploid. The area of pith, and cortex and phloem of the stem of 'Line-18' was also 1.6 and 2.0 times larger than that of the diploid, respectively. Moreover, the length and area of guard cell of 'Line-18' was 1.2 times larger than that of the diploid. These results helps to understand the cytological characteristics of the triploid poplar clones, and further investigations in the growth rate and wood properties of the triploids growing in the field will determine whether the triploid poplars are good candidates for molecular breeding programs and for the improvement of industrial biomass productivity.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1994

All-female diploid Paralichtlrys olivaceus populations were produced by the artificial fertilization with the normal eggs and gynogenetic diploid males sperms. All-female triploids were also conducted to the fertilized eggs by cold shock. Floating, fertilization and hatching rates of the all-female diploid eggs were not significantly different from that of the diploid control eggs (P>0.05). All-female triploids were also not significantly different from their diploid controls or all-female diploid groups (P>0.05) in the floating and fertilization rates of eggs. However, hatching rates of all-female triploid groups were lower than that of the control (P<0.05). Induction of the triploids were confirmed by the measurement of erythrocyte sizes and by the chromosome counts. The volumes of erythrocytes and nucleus of triploid were larger than those of diploids, respectively. Percent incidences of triploid were $92.6\%$ in this experiment. The chromosome number of diploids and triploids showed 2n=48 and 3n=72, respectively, and their karyotypes were consisted of all acrocentric chromosomes. The gonads of 4-month-old triploids were histologically sterile.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 1990

Fertilized eggs of Oreochromis niloticus were subjected to cold treatments at $14^{\circ}C$ for 30, 45 and 60 minutes starting 5 minutes after insemination at $27^{\circ}C$. Ploidy levels were determined by chromosome preparations and the analysis of both cell and nuclear sizes. A temperature shock of $14^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes yielded the best results ( $83.3\%$). Gonadal development in both sexes was severely retarded in all triploid groups at 6 months of age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.485-495
• /
• 1991

This experiment was carried out to obtain the information on the crossability, variation of chromosome number in pollen mother cell (PMC) and somatic cell of the progeny from the cross between hexaploid triticale cv. Sinkihomil and two diploid rye varieties. Seed set was 39.3 to 41.6% (averaged 40.5%) in the cross between triticale (P$_1$) and rye(P$_2$), which resulted in 0.33% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 2.69% in F$_1$/P$_1$ 5.47% in F$_1$/P$_2$ respectively. However, seed set was extremely low in both reciprocal crosses when triticale was used as male. Germination rate of the crossed seed was 94.0% in F$_1$ 40.8% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 59.5% in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 65.9% in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between triticale and rye, respectively. Pollen fertility of F$_1$ plant was averaged 18.7% in the cross between triticale and rye. Number of Uni-, Bi-, and Trivalent in PMC was 12. 6, 6.94, and 0.53, respectively, in the F$_1$ between the triticale and rye. There were 28 chromosomes in F$_1$, 21 to 34 in F$_2$, 34 to 38 in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 19 to 23 in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between the triticale and rye, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to get the basic data on the breeding of good varieties in Hypericum patulum Thunberg. The optimum materials, concentration and soaking time were examined to identify the effective approach to induce tetraploid plant by colchicine treatment to cultivate the varieties. For the seed germination rate of seed by colchicine treatment, the higher colchicine concentration was and the longer soaking time was, the more the germination rate decreased. While individuals were germinated in 16 test groups except control group (no treatment group), all the plants were diploid and no tetraploid was induced. For the plant regeneration rate by colchicine treatment on the explant of Hypericum patulum Thunberg that was under in vitro culture, the higher the colchicine concentration increased, the ress the regeneration rate. While total 147 individuals were regenerated in all treatment, when the explant was soaking treatment in more than 0.05% for over 6 hours, tetraploid could be obtained. In the soaking treatment of 0.05% for over 6 hours, tetraploid could be obtained. In particular, for the soaking treatment in 0.05% for 12 hours, 8 tetraploids were induced, which was about 47.1% of the number of plant regenerated. In accordance with the observation on doubling of DNA contents in leaf in order to identify polyploidy, the peak DNA content of G1 phase was 94.5 for diploid and 192.5 for tetraploid. It confirmed doubling of DNA content. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts per guard cell depending on polyploid was around 10 in diploid and 17 to 19 in tetraploid, which were around 1.7 to 1.9 times as much as diploid.