• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 1977

The trivalent choromium plating process have been studied by serveral group of orkers in the recent years. In the plating process, Alecra 3 process is the most familiar one. Potassium formate and potassium chloride of the bath compositions in the above process, are exchanged for sodium formate and sodium chloride, and then they have been examined characteristics of the electrodeposition using above bath solution and a few optimum conditions. The results are as follows, (1) The characteristics of the electrodeposition ; that is, throwing power, covering power, appearance, and deposition rate are most satisfied when concentration of $CrCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ is 0.4 mol/l, and mol ratio of HCOONa to Chromium(III); HCOONa/$Cr^{3+}$, is 2 to 3. (2) Throwing power, covering power, color and deposit rate show a similiar tendency to Alecra 3 process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 1998

The adsorption and reduction characteristics of chromium(VI) by oak sawdust were studied. The optimum adsorption condition is obtained from the measurement of the distribution coefficient($K_d$) and adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on the sawdust by changing pH of the solution. As a result, it was found that pH 2.0 was optimum because $K_d$ of Cr(VI) was maximum and reducing quantity was minimum. By the use of these characteristics of the oak sawdust, the removing of Cr(VI) in industrial waste water was examined.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effects of pulse plating conditions on the electrodeposition of trivalent chromium, electroplating experiments from bath with low concentration of trivalent chromium were performed. The variation of current efficiency of chromium electroplating with the electroplating conditions was explained. The maximum current efficiency of pulse plating is 6.4 times as high as that of direct plating at the same mean current density The nodular size increased with pulse plating time and the pulse frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2015

자동차 및 관련회사에서 표면처리 관련하여 품질 및 디자인 개선을 위한 제품을 지속적으로 요구 하고 있으며 각국의 환경규제에 대응하기 위한 방법을 연구 중에 있습니다. 이런 요구에 부합하는 신규제품을 소개하고자 합니다. 1. Chrome Free Etch: 6가크롬을 사용하지 않는 친환경 플라스틱 에칭 프로세스 2. Niflex: 휨성을 향상 시킨 아연니켈 합금도금 3. Electrolac UV: 저온경화및 플라스틱에 적용가능한 칼라 증착 도금 4. Xtra-form film: 눈부심방지 및 3D 디스플레이 개선을 위한 하드코팅필름

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2001

The fixation characteristics of CCA and CCFZ in Japanese red pine, Japanese larch, and ezo spruce sapwood were compared at various temperatures and fixation conditions (drying and nondrying fixation). Fixation was monitored by the rates of reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent one, and optimal fixation time was estimated based on the results. The rate of fixation was highly temperature dependent, and the fixation rate of treated wood conditioned under nondrying conditions was much more faster than that under drying conditions, especially when the moisture content of treated wood was below fiber saturation point. Preservative types affected fixation; CCA-Type B had the highest fixation rate, followed by CCA-Type C and then CCFZ. The differences in fixation rates of preservative components were also observed among wood species; Japanese red pine fixed the fastest, followed by Japanese larch and then ezo spruce. Time required to complete fixation according to the fixation temperature could be predicted successfully using the regression equations between the temperatures and fixation time, regardless of conditioning methods, preservative types, and wood species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2018

Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length, $13.3{\pm}1.6cm$; mean weight, $25.6{\pm}3.7g$) were exposed to waterborne hexavalent chromium at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$) for 10 days. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit of P. olivaceus were significantly decreased after waterborne chromium exposure. There were no significant alterations in inorganic plasma components, calcium, or magnesium after waterborne chromium exposure. Organic plasma components such as glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly increased after exposure to chromium at concentration over $1.0mg\;L^{-1}$. However, significant change in total protein was not observed. Enzymatic plasma components such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly increased after chromium exposure. Results of this study indicate that waterborne chromium exposure can cause significant alterations in hematological parameters and plasma components of P. olivaceus. Such changes in parameters could be used as reliable indicators for toxic effects of waterborne chromium exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2002

다양한 산업활동에 의하여 발생하는 6가 크롬 (Cr(Ⅵ))은 대표적인 토양 및 지하수 오염물질이다. Cr(Ⅵ)은 3가크롬(Cr(III))로의 환원에 의한 침전반응으로 이동성이 저하된다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 고형화/안정화 공정에 환원.분해 반응을 추가한 2가철 기반 분해성 고형화/안정화(Degradative Solidification/Stabilization)공정에 의한 Cr(Ⅵ) 처리 특성을 고찰하였다. 회분식 실험결과 cemen/Fe(II) system내에 Cr(Ⅵ)은 환원반응 뿐만 아니라 cement에 의한 침전에 의해서도 제거됨이 밝혀졌다. Cr(Ⅵ)의 제거속도는 Fe(II)의 반응당량에 비례하는 것으로 보여진 반면, cement/solution ratio에 따른 Cr(Ⅵ) 제거동역학의 차이는 그다지 크지 않았다

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.226-229
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• 2009

The present works were performed that titanium foil was anodized in various dilution ratios of seawater and distilled water with 10V external voltage applied, then annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ to obtain $TiO_2$ on the Ti substrate. The prepared samples were characterized by instruments (XRD, SEM, and photocurrent) and used to investigate rate of hydrogen production in photoelectrochemical cell as well as Cr(VI) reduction. As the results of experiments, the anodized $TiO_2$ in seawater electrolytes, which are ranged from 15 to 50 times dilution of seawater, was showed a relatively higher hydrogen production (ca. 97~110 umol/hr-$cm^2$) and Cr(VI) reduction (ca. 95% reduction).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.210-210
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• 2015

3가 크롬도금으로부터 크롬도금을 얻는 방법은 1854년 R. D. Buseen의 보고가 최최이고 2년 후 6가 크롬이온으로 부터 최초의 크롬독므이 Geuther에 의해 보고되었다. 초기 3가 크롬도금 프로세스는 도금용액의 안정성이 떨어져서 선택성 이온교환막을 이용한 격막으로 양극을 분리하는 방법이 채용되었다. 그 후 1970년대에 Albright & Wilson사와 IBM-Canning사에 의해 개발된 3가 크롬 프로세스가 기초기술이 되어 개량된 현재의 3가 크롬도금용액이 탄생하였다. 이후 여러 도금약품 회사에서 여러 종류의 3가 크롬도금 용액과 프로세스가 개발이 되어 핸드폰, 자동차 등에 사용이 되고 있으나, 아직도 개선의 여지가 많이 남아 있다고 할 수 있다.