• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.71-78
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were firstly to assess the differences of conflict resolution strategies between friends according to children's peer status, and secondly to investigate the relationship of conflict resolution strategies measured by self-report, hypothetical interview, and observation methods. Thirty-four dayds in elementary 5th graders were selected according to peer status and friendship. Collected data were analyzed tv t-test and Spearman's correlation. The results of this study showed that children's conflict resolution strategies differed according to their peer status. Specially, popular children reported using and experiencing compromising/integrating strategies more than rejected children did. Rejected children reported using and experiencing dominating strategies more than popular children did. Secondly, there were meaningful correlations between compromising/integrating and dominating strategies, as measured by self-report, hypothetical interview, and observation methods. However, no relations emerged among avoiding, obliging, and intervention requesting strategies, as measured by self-report, hypothetical interview, and observation methods.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-97
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• 2000

Ninety 6th graders were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group in this 5 week study of the effects of constructivist instruction on writing performance. After the writing pre-test, the experimental group was treated with constructivist instruction while the control group was treated with a tradition procedure based on Joyce and Weil's(1992) basic exercise model Instruction consisted of ten 40-minute sessions. The effectiveness of the constructivist instruction was tested by post-and retention-tests. Two raters scored the children's writing by the analytical scale of Jin-Suk Won(1994). Results were analyzed by t-test. The writing performance and the retention scores of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group. The results of the sub-criteria scores showed significant effects on children's understanding of contents and constructive performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among children's important self-domain, self-evaluation and global self-esteem by gender. Information was collected on 376 5-6th graders from elementary schools in Busan. The major findings were that 1) The self-evaluation of peer domain was the most powerful determinant on self-esteem in both boys and girls 2) The percentage that valued domain of family self was higher than the other groups in both boys and girls(boys 36.3%, girls 55.4%). 3) In boys' domains of peer self and computer self, important self-domain moderated the effect of self evaluation on global self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with child's Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity. The participants (n = 133) were Korean juveniles (3^rd and 4^th graders) and their parents. They completed a questionnaire packet including the SPARK (Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids) survey and the parent equivalent survey. Correlation, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the association between child's BMI and 10 factors of SPARK as predict or variables. 25.6% of the participants were classified as overweight (21.1%) or obesity (4.5%). 3 parental factors including mother's BMI and frequency of mother's and father's physical activity were identified as significant predictors of children's BMI. The 10 variables accounted for 28% of the variance (p<.01) in the linear regression model. These results provide insight into parental factors which are related to a child's BMI and physical activity. Parental role modeling which refers to parents' efforts to model an active lifestyle for children plays an important role.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.475-486
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop the STEAM program using 3D printer and to verify its effectiveness and students' satisfaction in order to draw implications and suggest the future directions. To design the alternative instructional framework utilizing the 3D printer, we used the learning standards of 'presenting the situation', 'creative design', and 'emotional experience' for the 3rd to 4th grade and 5th and 6th graders in elementary school. As a result of the experiment, statistically significant results were obtained about 'interest', 'care and communication', 'self-directed learning', 'career choice for science and engineering'. According to the students' satisfaction survey, students responded that they are interested in general, they can learn various subjects in relation to existing the regular classes, and that they have lots of making and experiencing activities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 1989

This study aims at helping cerebrally palsied children to overcome and minimize their sufferings, inducing them to perform ordinary activities of daily living for themselves by coducting ADL Tests which are fundamental activities in daily life and presenting treatment plan for their overall rehabilitation and basic data for achieving the training objective. For that purpose, 173 cerebrally palsied children were selected and given ADL performance Tests from Dec. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the following results were obtained. 1. Correlation coefficients for each ADL category indicated significant statistical value at .01 level. 2. Correlation coefficient between school-year variable and ADL category variable was significant at .01 level. 3. Correlation between age variable and ADL variable category proved significant at .01 level as well. 4. Correlation coefficients between each category in terms of functional state of extremities were significant at .01 level. 5. The difference in ADL achievements between each category by school year were as follows ; 1) In the category of meeting nature's tall, the age span of more than 4 school years showed statistical significance. 2) In the category of putting off and on clothing, the age span of 3 school years indicated statistical significance. 3) In taking meals statistical significance was found in the age span of 4 school years. 4) In finger movements the age span of more the 4 school years indicated statistical significance. 5) In walking activities statistical significance was noticed in the age span of 2 or 3 school years. Besides, in category by school year, and exceptional case was noticed that the 6th graders were lower than the 5th graders in self-reliance rate. 6. the difference in ADL achievements by type of palsy, children of triplegia were the lowest, while those of monoplegia were the highest. 7. The difference in ADL achievements by kind of palsy, patients of athetosis showed lower rate of self-reliance than those of spasticity, and particularly the latter showed a high rate of self-reliance in taking meals$(83.5\%)$. The former were relatively low in self-reliance and lowerst in meeting nature's call $(59.8\%)$.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2012

This paper presents the effect of a interactive learning experience and student's response to technological components We develop the interactive learning environment and learning model in lessons relying on educational robots and augmented reality in the school classroom. The developed learning model is based on the problem-based learning model. The experiments of the study conduct with 18 students, the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders of an elementary school for 8 weeks using developed system. We find out the interactive learning experiences have an influence on the creative ability of children. We know that students who scored lower on the school exam scored higher on the score of creativity compared to top students through educational robots and augmented reality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8437-8446
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• 2015

This study was designed to examine the effects of weight reduction programme(WRP) for obese primary school students on serum lipid level. This research used non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design that was conducted on two groups comprising 5th and 6th graders: an experimental group that received 12-week long WRP that combines diet, exercise and behavior modification therapy and the control group that did only rope-jumping. The collected data were analysed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pairwise Comparsons by SPSS 18.0 Programme. It was proven that the WRP of this study was effective in lowering the total cholesterol(F=4.21, p=.049) and triglyceride(F=4.25, p=.049). WRP may be used as a basis for further studies that may be conducted after intervening the motivation level of the study subjects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.879-889
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine nutrition management conditions of lunch with the elementary schools and middle schools in the Changwon area. 292 students (5th and 6th graders) from three elementary schools and 330 students from three middle schools (boys, girls, and co-ed) participated in the aggregate selective plate waste measurement for 5 days. Planned menus, serving sizes and plate waste amount data were collected. Nutrient analyses for the planned, served and consumed menus at school lunches were performed by using CAN-PRO 3.0. Nutrient analyses of the planned, served and consumed menus were compared with nutrient management standard (former edition) for school lunch and 1/3 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRIs). Significant difference was found in the average consumption rate between the elementary schools (82.2%) and the middle schools (71.8%). Specifically, the consumption rates of steamed rice (p < 0.001), side dish 1 (p < 0.001), and Kimchi (p < 0.01) at the middle schools were significantly lower than those of the elementary schools. When the nutrient contents in the served menus were put into percentages to the nutrient contents in the planned menus, middle schools (92.3%) showed bigger serving loss than the elementary schools (95.4%). In the nutrient assessment comparied with nutrient management standard (former edition), middle school lunches showed comparatively less energy or less some nutrient contents against the standard than the elementary school lunches. Specifically, in case of boys in middle schools, Vitamin C was the only nutrient content that satisfied the standard in the planned menus, served menus and consumed menus. In the 1/3 KDRIs based assessment, middle schoolers were found not to be provided proper nutrients with school lunches. To improve nutrition management at middle school foodservices, dietitians should reinforce nutrient assessment for menu planning, and try to decrease serving loss and plate waste.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to identify whether the stress of children has an impact on their game addiction and to verify the moderating effect of family support. The survey was conducted to the children who were 5th and 6th graders in Gwangju and Jeonnam. The responses from 564 subjects contacted subjects were analyzed. In accordance with the verification on the impact game addiction, Children's stress has a impact on their game addiction. In other words, higer stress was related to higer game addiction. The impact family support on their game addiction was analyzed. In accordance with the results, the family support had positive impact on their game addiction. It suggested that higher family support meant lower game addiction. The moderated effect of family support was analyzed. The family support had the control effect to reduce the negative effect of stress of children in to their game addiction. Implication of the study findings is discussed.