• Water for future
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 1972

This article includes hydrometeorological analysis of evapotranspiration and precipitation, which are used available basic data for a certain basin water budget. Evapotranspiration on water surface, bare soil and rice fields is directly measured by Thornthwaite's type Lysimeter and on water surface and vegetables computed using the Penman's equation. Areal precipitation is analized through the Thiessen method and arithmatic mean method. It is interested fact that the correlation coefficient for Class A Pan's evaporation vs. the actual evapotranspiration is the highest value among the coefficients for different type evaporimeter and Penman equation, and evaporation ratio on rice field's evapotranspiration vs. Class A Pan's evaporation is 1. 5-2. 3.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 1990

It is a fact that there are recent increasing trends or incidence of the colorectal carcinoma among other colorectal diseases. In such trend, the early detection remain to be most important by the air contrast barium enema and total colonofiberscopy. There are several ways to prepare the colon for barium enema and colonofiberscopy which include several agents. The mechanical cleansing have been used most frequently since Brown's method was adapted to be most perfect for colon deansing. The ideal laxatives and enema solutions were limited to adequate dose, it's effectiveness, patient's diet and bowel habit, minimal side effect, low cost and simple to perform. In order to compare the effectiveness of various cleansing solutions, six experimental methods were formed as shown; 1. normal saline enema, 2. castor oil with normal saline enema, 3. castor oil with soap suds enema, 4. magnesium citrate with normal saline, 5. magnesium citrate with soap suds enema and 6. ingestion of Golyetly solution. The authors have compared and determined the degree of cleanness by an experienced endoscopist. The total number of patients was 247, age distribution was $43{\pm}15$ years old, and sex distribution was 133 males and 114 females. The grade I and II represented no difficulties at performing the colonofiberscopy, but grade ill and N had some difficulties, even unable to perform the colonofiberscopy. The effectiveness the cleansing agents, represented with grade I and II was 95.9% (47/49) in method 6, 93.2%(54/58) in method 2, 83.3%(30/33) in method 3, 70.0%(28/10) in method 5, 66.7%(16/24) in method i, and 45.7%(18/40) in method 4. Method 2 and 6 were the most effective in normal bowel habit patients. In constipated patients, method 6 was the most effective and all method except method 11 were effective in diarrhea patients. The degrees of less mucosal irritation by various bowel cleansing method were in the order of method 6(100%), 1(100%), 5(74%), 2(69%). In subjective symptoms and cleansing groups, abdominal distension, pain, nausea and vomiting were complained, and that's subject symptoms were in the order of method 3(88.9%), 6 (79.6%), 1(75%), 5(72.5%), 2(72.4%), 4(67.5%). In conclusion, we believe that the Golytely of the mechanical cleansing solution for colonofiberscopy was the most effective, but others depended on the patient's condition und bowel habit.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

In this paper, Service Boundary Line approximation method is proposed to improve the accuracy of aggregated link state information for source routing in transport networks that conduct hierarchical QoS routing. The proposed method is especially useful for aggregating links that have both delay and bandwidth as their QoS parameters. This method selects the main path weight in the network and transports the data to the external networks together with the aggregation information, reducing information distortion caused from the loss of some path weight during aggregation process. In this paper, the main path weight is defined as outlier. Service Boundary Line has 2k+5parameters. k is the number of outliers. The number of storage spaces of Service Boundary Line changes according to the number of outliers. Simulation results show that our approximation method requires a storage space that 1.5-2 times larger than those in other known techniques depending on outlier selection method, but its information accuracy of proposed method in the ratio between storage space and information accuracy is higher.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 1993

Cell lytic enzyme, 5'-phosphodiesterase, and AMP-deaminase were used to produce yeast extract as a natural seasoning from beer yeast cells. Prior to the addition of cell lytic enzyme, heat treatment was performed to increase the cell wall degradation` the optimum condition of the cell lytic enzyme was 50C at pH 7.0. The production yields by the enzymatic method and conventional autolysis method were 42% and 35%, respectively. The total quantity of 5'-nucleotides, GMP and IMP, produced by enzymatic method was increased by 45% than that by the conventional method. Futhermore, the operation time of enzymatic method was only 6.5 hrs, significantly reduced from 24 hrs of the conventional method.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 1991

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the determinants of mother's choice of infant feeding method on immediate postpartum period & the breast feeding practice after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5months. The subjects were 170 mothers who were delivered at 2 hospital, 2 OBGY clinics, 1 midwifery in Jinju, the data were collected from Jan. 1 to Feb. 20 of 1991, form each subject at two periods of time ; postpartum 2 or 3 days via interview, 5months via telephone interview. The results were as fellows : 1. The propotion of mother planned exclusive breast-feeding was 66.5%, milk feeding 17.6%, mixed feeding 15.9%, End 38.9% of mothers planned to breast-feed their infants for 4-6moths, 25.7% for more than 12 months. The major reasons for selection of milk feeding method were the presence of mother's job(26.7%), the conditions of breast & milk production(23.7%). 2. There were significant relations between the choice of feeding method & the presence of s job(p<.01), & parity(p<.01). 3. The percentages of subjects that were received education about the advantages & method of breast feeding were 63.5%, 38.2%, respectively, & the informants were mass media, 89.8%, 81.5%. 4. The most of mothers had the knowledge about the advantages of breast feeding. 5. The percentage of mothers that practiced breast feeding on postpartum were 75.9%. 6. The rates of breast feeding practice by duration were more than 5months, 60.5%, 1 month, 27.1%, 2-4 months. 12.3%. 7. The reasons for the stop of breast feeding were the decrease of milk volume(22.9%), the presence of mother's job(17.4%). 8. The duration of breast feeding practice were differed significantly by the presence of mother's job, type of delivery, rooming-in, planned duration of breast feeding, the first feeding time.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1079-1092
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• 2011

We consider the Newton's method for an direct solver of the optimal control problems of the Navier-Stokes equations. We show that the finite element solutions of the optimal control problem for Stoke equations may be chosen as the initial guess for the quadratic convergence of Newton's algorithm applied to the optimal control problem for the Navier-Stokes equations provided there are sufficiently small mesh size h and the moderate Reynold's number.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1902-1906
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• 2010

A microchip electrophoresis (ME) method was developed using a programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based fast identification of cattle breeds. Four different Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and Holstein SNP markers amplified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction were separated in a glass microchip filled with 0.5% poly(ethyleneoxide) ($M_r$ = 8 000 000) by PFSG as follows: 750 V/cm for 0 - 14 s, 166.7 V/cm for 14 - 31 s, 83.3 V/cm for 31 - 46 s, and 750 V/cm for 46 - 100 s. The cattle breeds were clearly distinguished within 45 s. The ME-PFSG method was 7 times and 5 times faster than the constant electric field ME method and the capillary electrophoresis- PFSG method, respectively, with a high resolving power ($R_s$ = 5.05 - 9.98). The proposed methodology could be a powerful tool for the fast and simultaneous determination of SNP markers for various cattle breeds with high accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.93-98
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• 2001

This study was performed to analyse the rainfall and the rainfall-runoff characteristics of a rural watershed. The Sangwha basin($105.9km^{2}$) in the Geum river system was selected for this study. The arithmetic mean method, the Thiessen's weighing method, and the isohyetal method were used to analyse areal rainfall distribution and the Huff's quartile method was used to analyse temporal rainfall distribution. In addition, daily runoff analyses were peformed using the DAWAST and tank model. In the model calibration, the data from June through November, 1999 were used. In the model calibration, the observed runoff depth was 513.7mm and runoff rate was 45.2%, and the DAWAST model simulated runoff depth was 608.6mm and runoff rate was 53.5%, and the tank model runoff depth was 596.5mm and runoff rate was 52.5%, respectively. In the model test, the data from June through November, 2000 were used. In the model test, the observed runoff depth was 1032.3mm and runoff rate was 72.5%, and the DAWAST model simulated runoff depth was 871.6mm and runoff rate was 61.3%, and the tank model runoff depth was 825.4mm and runoff rate was 58%, respectively. The DAWAST and tank model's $R^{2}$ and RMSE were 0.85, 3.61mm, and 0.85, 2.77mm in 1999, and 0.83, 5.73mm, and 0.87, 5.39mm in 2000, respectively. Both models predicted low flow runoff better than flood runoff.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

This work is related to study the thermal decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacylohexane(RDX) by differential scanning calorimeter and thermo-gravimetry with Kissinger's & Iso-conversional method under nonisothermal conditions, with heating rate from 2 to $8^{\circ}C$/min or given heating rate. We calculated and compared activation energy with these two methods. Iso-conversional method is better than Kissinger's method to study decomposition mechanism. We also investigated activation energy and frequency factor by Kissinger's & Iso-conversional method with the influence of particle size. In case of single crystal, Cl-3(large crystal) has better thermal stability than Cl-5(small crystal). The activation energy increased according to the size of the particle size.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2009

Based on the fact that a human being walks naturally and stably with consuming a minimum energy, this paper proposes a new method of generating a natural gait of 5-link biped robot like human by analyzing a COG (Center Of Gravity) trajectory of human's gait. In order to generate a natural gait pattern for 5-link biped robot, it considers the COG trajectory measured from human's gait images on the sagittal and frontal plane. Although the human and 5-link biped robot are similar in the side of the kinematical structure, numbers of their DOFs(Degree Of Freedom) are different. Therefore, torques of the human's joints cannot are applied to robot's ones directly. In this paper, the proposed method generates the gait pattern of the 5-link biped robot from the GA algorithm which utilize human's ZMP trajectory and torques of all joints. Since the gait pattern of the 5-link biped robot model is generated from human's ones, the proposed method creates the natural gait pattern of the biped robot that minimizes an energy consumption like human. In the side of visuality and energy efficiency, the superiority of the proposed method have been improved by comparative experiments with a general method that uses a inverse kinematics.