• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2005

The EtOAc-soluble fraction from a methanolic extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. exhibited neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The neuroprotective activity-guided isolation resulted in 8 phenolic compounds (1-8), such as vanillic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (3), (+)-aromadendrin (4), methyl vanillate (5), (-)-catechin (6), 2,3,4-trihydrobenzoic acid (7), and (+)-afzelechin (8). Among these, compounds 6 and 8 had a neuroprotective effect on the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Furthermore, compound 6 had a DPPH free radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $57.7{\mu}M$, and a superoxide anion radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $8.0{\mu}M$. Both compounds 6 and 8 had ABTS cation radical scavenging effects with $IC_{50}$ values of $7.8{\mu}M\;and\;23.7${\mu}M$, respectively. These results suggest that compounds 6 and 8 could be neuroprotectants owing to their free radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Purpose : This study aimed to prove that surface electromyography(SEMG) can be used to identify the degree of symptoms of diseases in the upper extremities; it also aimed to confirm various potential therapeutic effects through an inquiry into the value measured by the SEMG on certain acupuncture points in the upper extremities. Methods : Fifty healthy people received instructions for the method of exercise: wrist flexion, extension and hand grasping. Disposable electrodes were attached to acupuncture points of Susamni($LI_{10}$), Naegwan($PC_6$), Oegwan($TE_5$) and below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun on both sides in flexion, extension and grasping to measure the SEMG values. The research results were analyzed using SPSS statistics Ver. 22.0(IBM, USA). Results : The average value was highest on Naegwan($PC_6$) in grasping, and the average SEMG value was higher in the order of grasping, extension and flexion. The asymmetry index of each point was Susamni($LI_{10}$) $16.26{\pm}13.59%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $20.38{\pm}15.59%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $20.89{\pm}16.77%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $22.49{\pm}14.91%$ in wrist extension, Susamni($LI_{10}$) $25.99{\pm}21.44%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $21.15{\pm}15.94%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $19.62{\pm}15.46%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $19.93{\pm}16.85%$ in wrist flexion, Susamni($LI_{10}$) $16.60{\pm}12.21%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $10.94{\pm}8.29%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $15.20{\pm}12.60%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $11.68{\pm}7.77%$ in grasping. Conclusions : In this study, to identify the degree of symptoms of diseases in the upper extremities and confirm therapeutic effects, it is necessary to analyze the calculated percentage and compare the SEMG measurement of special points with those of other points, and with the asymmetry index.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1576-1581
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• 2007

알코올 의존의 음주 행동에 VTA에서 NA로 뻗어 있는 도파민 대뇌 보상 경로가 중요하다. 이러한 경로의 토파민 활성도가 $5-HT_3$계 신경에 의하여 조정되고 있으며, $5-HT_3$ 수용체 길항제인 ondansetron (OND)이 알코올리즘 환자에서 음주량을 감소시키고 금주률을 높인다는 보고가 있다. 이에 생쥐의 섭취량에 대하여 $5-HT_3$ 수용체 길항제인 ondansetron의 투여 효과와, 이러한 ondansetron 및 비 특이적 아편계 수용체 길항제인 naltrexone (NTX)과의 병합 투여 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 알코올 의존화 된 C57BL/6형 수컷 생쥐를 4군으로 나눈 뒤, 10일간 각 군에 vehicle, OND 0.01 mg/kg 단독, NTX 1.0 mg/kg 단독, 및 OND 0.01 mg/kg과 NTX 1 mg/kg 병합 투여하면서 2시간 알코올의 섭취량, 22시간 물 섭취량, 24시간 사료 섭취량 및 체중을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 2시간 알코올 섭취량의 10일간 변화에 대해 vehicle 투여 군과 나머지 3군의 약물 투여군과 repeated measure ANOVA를 이용하여 각각 비교하였을 때, vehicle 투여군과 NTX 단독 투여군간에 유의한 교차가 관찰되었으나 (p=0.042), OND 단독 투여군과 NTX과 OND 병합 투여군은 vehicle 투여군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 일별 2시간 알코올 섭취량에 대하여 NTX 투여군과 vehicle 투여군의 군간 비교시 vehicle 투여군에 비하여 NTX 투여군에서 약물 투여 4일부터 10일까지 유의하게 감소하였다(4일 p=0.010; 6일 p=0.050; 8일 p=0.017; 10일 p=0.005). 그리고 NTX과 OND 병합 투여군과 vehicle 투여군의 양군을 비교하였을 때에는 2시간 알코올 섭취량이 4일과 10일에만 유의하게 감소하였다(4일 p=0.049; 10일 p=0.022). 그러나 22시간 물 섭취량, 24시간 사료 섭취량 및 체중의 10일간 변화에 대해 vehicle 투여군과 나머지 3 군의 약물 투여군과의 repeated measure ANOVA를 이용하여 각각 비교하였을 때, 모두 유의한 교차효과가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 생쥐의 섭취량에 대하여 OND의 투여 효과는 없었으며, OND과 NTX의 병합 투여시에는 NTX의 알코올의 섭취량 억제 효과가 감소되었다. 따라서 앞으로 $5-HT_3$ 신경계와 도파민 및 아편 신경계와의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.737-742
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 전복을 동결 건조시킨 후 전복의 지방산을 비교 분석하였고 세포독성 활성 및 세포 내 활성산소종 생성 억제 효과를 측정하여 전복의 생리활성을 알아보고자 하였다. 지방산 조성 변화를 살펴보면 포화지방산들 내에서는 16:0의 함량이 건조 전복에서 높았고 불포화지방산들 내에서는 건조 전복의 경우 낮은 함량의 20:4n-6와 높은 함량의 22:6n-3를 나타내었다. 전복 A+M 추출물을 0.05 및 0.1 mg/ml 첨가농도로 HT-29 암세포에 처리했을 때 24%의 세포독성 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). MeOH 추출물의 경우 A+M 추출물과 비교했을 때 세포독성 효과가 낮았다. 건조 전복의 각 분획물을 농도별로 처리하였을 때, 농도의존적으로 세포독성 활성을 나타내었고, 특히 85% aq. MeOH 분획물에 의한 세포독성 활성이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 세포 내 활성산소종 생성 억제효과에서 낮은 농도에서는 MeOH 추출물보다는 A+M 추출물에 의한 저해효과가 높았으며 분획물들 간 큰 차이는 없으나 85% aq. MeOH 분획물에 의한 생성 억제효과가 다소 높아 36%의 활성산소종 억제효과를 나타내었다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.354-364
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a folklore herbal formulation (HF) (300mg/kg/day; p.o.) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt induced and fructose induced hypertensive rats. In DOCA model, DOCA (15 mg/kg, s.c., twice a week) was administered to unilateral nephrectomized rats for 4 weeks. In fructose model, drinking water was replaced with 10% fructose solution for 6 weeks to induce hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured once every week during the treatment schedule. After completion of treatment schedule, BP and vascular reactivity to various agonists like Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Phenylephrine and Serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine; 5-HT) were recorded in rats of both models. A cumulative concentration response curve of 5-HT was carried out in isolated rat fundus strip of the DOCA-salt induced and fructose induced hypertensive rats. The results tend to suggest that HF possesses antihypertensive activity.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기존에 관행적으로 상온에서 방치되어오던 단감의 예건 조건을 온도와 시간을 달리하면서 단감의 중량 감소율, 경도 및 저온저장고에서 장시간 저장 후 경도 감소율을 비교하였다. 상온에서의 예건은 처리시간이 일주일씩 되기 때문에 수확 시기에 공간적인 문제와 함께 농가에서 어려움이 있어 예건 온도를 높이면서 처리시간을 단축하여 단감의 품질변화가 유지되거나 향상되는 예건 조건을 찾았다. 예건 처리 조건 중에서 고온($30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) 6시간 처리 시 단감의 중량 감소율은 $1.28{\pm}0.22%$로 대조군의 $1.62{\pm}0.02%$보다도 약 20% 억제하는 경향을 보였고, 과육의 경도는 $22.2{\pm}2.64N$으로 매우 단단한 경도를 보였으며, 저온저장고에서 100일간 저장 후 경도 감소율에서도 $12.9{\pm}3.8%$의 감소율을 보여 대조군에 비해 약 50% 향상되는 결과를 얻었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1994

Purpose : The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical results of thermo-irradiation treatment for surgically unresectable advanced hepatoma with or without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization (HACE), chemotherapy (CT) and interferon (IFN) therapy. Materials and Methods : Between February 1990 and December 1992, 45 Patients with surgically unresectable advanced hepatomas were treated by thermo-irradiation with or without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization and other treatment modalities. Among them, We analyzed retrospectively 25 patients who received more than three times of hyperthermias. Mean age was 50 years (range : 18-71 years) and male to female ratio was 20 : 5. In the study, treatment was administered as follows : 3 patients received radiation therapy(RT) and hyperthermia (HT). 3 received RT+HT+CT. 3 received RT+HT+HACE. 1 received RT+HT+CT+HACE. 2 received RT+HT+CT+IFN. 10 received RT+HT+HACE+IFN. 3 received RT+HT+CT+HACE+IFN. Radiation therapy was done by a 6 MV linear accelerator Patients were treated with daily fractions of 180 cGy to doses of 11Gy-50Gy (median 30Gy). Local hyperthermia was done by HEH-500C(Omron Co. Japan), 30-45 min/session, 2 sessions/wk and the number of HT sessions ranged from 3 to 17 (median 7 times). 15 patients of 25 were followed by abdominal CT scan or abdominal ultra-sonogram. The following factors were analyzed :Age, histologic grade, sex. number of hyperthermia, total RT dose, hepatic arterial chemo-embolization. Results : Of 25 patients. there were observed tumor regression (partial response and minimal response) in 6 (24$ \% $), no response in 8 (32$ \% $), progression in 1 (4$ \% $) and not evaluable ones in 10 (40$ \% $) radiographically. The over all 1-year survival was 25$ \% $, with a mean survival of 33 weeks. The treatment modes of partial and minimal responsive patients (PR+MR)were as follows : Two were treated with RT+HT+HACE, 2 were done with RT+HT+HACE+IFN Remaining 2 were treated with RT+HT+CT+HACE+IFN. The significant factor affecting the survival rate were RT dose (more than 25 Gy), HACE, number of HT (above 6 times), responsiveness after treatment (PR + MR). Age, sex, histologic differentiation, chemotherapy, interferon therapy were not statistically significant factors affecting the survival rate. Conclusion : Although follow-up duration was short, the thermo-irr3diBtion with/without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization was well tolerated and there were no serious complicatons. In future, it is considered the longer follow up and prospective, well controlled trials should be followed to evaluate the efficacies of survival advantage.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Four thermo-tolerant lines of silkworm, Bombyx mori, (L.) viz., A HT, B HT (Chinese type) and F HT, G HT (Japanese type) were evolved by utilizing the breeding resource material (identified from initial screening at a temperature of 31 ${\pm} 1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 85 ${\pm}$ 5%) through conventional breeding. These tolerant lines were crossed with productive breeds and forty four hybrids were evaluated on eight economic traits by the Multiple Trait Evaluation Index Method. Ten hybrids were short-listed based on the average evaluation index value larger than 50 for eight economic traits studied. The identified ten hybrids recorded higher index values (＞ 50) for most of the traits studied. Single hybrid G ${\times}$ CSR12 indicated average index value larger than 50 for six traits viz., pupation number (58), cocoon weight (67), shell weight (65), average filament length (74), raw silk % (69), reelability % (51) except for shell ratio % (41). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the above hybrid was 8.41 in the hybrid cocoon length and width measurement. However, two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 recorded average index value larger than 50 for all the traits viz., pupation number (57, 60), cocoon weight (50, 54), shell weight (56, 57), shell ratio percentage (59, 53), average filament length (55, 60), raw silk percentage (63, 67) and reelability percentage (53, 53). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 was 8.41 and 8.06 respectively in the cocoon length and width measurement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.2675-2679
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• 2013

Activity-directed isolation of the methylene chloride fraction from the stems of Parthenocissus tricuspidata have led to the identification of two new compounds (1-2): 1-(2',3',5'-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane-1,2-(E)-epoxide (1, tricuspidatin A) and erythro-1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane-1,2-diol (2, tricuspidatin B), together with four known compounds (3-6): ${\beta}$-sitosterol (3), nonacosan-1-ol (4), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid hexacosyl ester (5) and betulinic acid (6). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and physicochemical analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong DNA topoisomerase II inhibitory activity at both concentrations of 20 and $100{\mu}M$. In addition, 3 exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against the HT-29 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, and 6 showed strong cytotoxicity against the HT-29 and MCF-7 ones.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.921-927
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• 2001

각종 암세포에 대한 번데기동충하초(Cordyceps militaris) 추출물 및 분획물의 세포독성을 규명하기 위하여 암세포로 A549, MCF-7 HeLA, HT1080, Hep3B, KATOIII 및 K562를 이용하였고 그 결과, SRB assay에 의한 1 mg/mL의 에탄올 추출물 농도에서 HT1080, HeLa, Jep3B 그리고 A549는 각각 89.4%, 85.7%, 72.9%그리고 65.5%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. MCF7, HeLa 그리고 HT1080 세포의 경우는 핵산 분획물 1 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 92.9%, 90.3%그리고 97.0%로 다른 분획물보다 현전히 높은 억제효과를 나타냈다. KATOIII세포에 대한 억제효과는 1mg/mL 투여시 에탄올 추출물의 경우 61.5%를 보였고 부탄올과 물 분획물에서 각각 83.7%와 80.4%로 다소 높은 억제효과를 보였다. K562 세포에 대한 시료의 억제효과는 에탄올 추출물(1mg/mL)이 60.5%의 억제율을 보인데 반해 같은 농도에 서 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올 및 핵산 분획물에서는 각각 88.6%, 806% 및 75.6%로 높은 억제 효과는 양성대조군의 11.2$\pm$0.8에 비하여 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg 의 농도에 10.5$\pm$0.8, 8.3$\pm$0.5, 7.8$\pm$0.3, 3.7$\pm$0.6로 8.7, 25.9, 30.4그리고 67.0%의 유의적인 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 각각의 분획물에 대한 소핵생성 억제효과는 유전손상물질(MNNG;150 mg/kg, I.P)만 투여한 양성대조군에 비해서 시료 농도를 10, 20, 40 80 mg/kg 처리하였을 경우 동이라한 시료 농도 80 mg/kg 에서 부탄올, 에틸 아세테이트, 물, 그리고 클로로포름 분획물이 각각 3.1$\pm$0.3, 3.7$\pm$0.6, 4.2$\pm$0.3, 4.8$\pm$0.3으로 72.3%, 67.0%, 63.3%그리고 57.1%의 순으로 소핵생성 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 그중 핵산 분획물이 2.8$\pm$0.5의 75.0%로 가장 높은 소핵생성 억제효과를 나타내었다.