• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.157-162
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• 2022

In reason of the high capacity and low latency, the 5G wireless networks used nowadays in many of life applications such as: remote surgery and guiding vehicle. The high requirements of 5G networks makes it more vulnerable for security threats and attacks. This paper presents some challenges faced by 5G networks and presets some of the security solutions.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2022

5G goes beyond people to serve indoor and outdoor companies and industries, as well as campuses such as halls, industrial complexes, educational institutions, stadiums, dense urban areas, rural areas, and government institutions. Therefore, a new approach to small cells is needed. Accordingly, 3GPP and Small Cell Forum are researching 5G small cell architecture; 3GPP, Small Cell Forum, and 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation are also researching private networks tailored to meet the specific requirements of various companies and local governments. In particular, in the UK, a small cell-based technology is required for realizing the Joint Operator Technical Specifications-Neutral Host In-Building specification to cost-effectively secure indoor coverage. Further, the research on the SON(Self-Organizing Network) technology for small cells in 5G, where commercialization has begun, is required. The 5G-based small cell structure, private network, and Neutral Host In-Building and SON reviewed in this study are at the initial research stages; therefore, additional research is needed to secure the competitiveness of the small cell technology in 5G and Beyond 5G.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.3333-3354
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• 2022

The 5G Core Network (5GC) is an essential part of the mobile communication network, but its security protection strategy based on the boundary construction is difficult to ensure the security inside the network. For example, the Network Function (NF) mutual authentication mechanism that relies on the transport layer security mechanism and OAuth2.0's Client Credentials cannot identify the hijacked NF. To address this problem, this paper proposes a trust model for 5GC based on NF interaction behavior to identify malicious NFs and improve the inherent security of 5GC. First, based on the interaction behavior and context awareness of NF, the trust between NFs is quantified through the frequency ratio of interaction behavior and the success rate of interaction behavior. Second, introduce trust transmit to make NF comprehensively refer to the trust evaluation results of other NFs. Last, classify the possible malicious behavior of NF and define the corresponding punishment mechanism. The experimental results show that the trust value of NFs converges to stable values, and the proposed trust model can effectively evaluate the trustworthiness of NFs and quickly and accurately identify different types of malicious NFs.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.427-432
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• 2023

In this study, MEC (: Multi-access Edge Computing) proposes a cloud service network configuration for various tests of autonomous vehicles to which V2X (: Vehicle to Everything) is applied in Wave, LTE, and 5G networks and MEC App (: Application) applied V2X service function test verification of two domains (operator (KT, SKT, LG U+), network type (Wave, LTE (including 3G), 5G)) in a specific region. In 4G networks of domestic operators (SKT, KT, LG U+ and Wave), MEC summarized the improvement effects through V2X function blocks and traffic offloading for the purpose of bringing independent network functions. And with a high level of QoS value in the V2X VNF of the 5G network, the traffic steering function scenario was demonstrated on the destination-specific traffic path.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2020

With the deployment of 5G infrastructure, content delivery network (CDN) will be a key role to provide explosive growing services for the independent media and YouTube which contain high-speed mobile contents. Without a local cache, the mobile backhaul and fronthaul should endure huge burden of bandwidth request for users as the increase number of direct accesses from contents providers. To deal with this issue, this paper fist presents both fronthaul solutions for CDN that use dark fibers and a passive optical network (PON). On top of that, we propose the aggregated content request specialized for PON caching and evaluate and compare its performance to legacy schemes through the simulation. The proposed PON caching scheme can reduce average access time of up to 0.5 seconds, 1/n received request packets, and save 60% of backhaul bandwidth compared to the no caching scheme. This work can be a useful reference for service providers and will be extended to further improve the hit ratio of cache in the future.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2020

With the advent of the 5G era, the rapid growth in demand for mobile content services has increased the need for additional backhaul investment. To meet this demand, employing a content delivery network (CDN) and optical access solution near the last mile has become essential for the configuration of 5G networks. In this paper, a cache-enabled architecture using the passive optical network (PON) is presented to serve video on demand (VoD) for users. For efficient use of mobile backhaul, I propose a request deduplication scheme (RDS) that can provide all the requested services missed in cache with minimum bandwidth by eliminating duplicate requests for movies within tolerable range of the quality of service (QoS). The performance of the proposed architecture is compared with and without RDS in terms of the number of requests arriving at the origin server (OS), hit ratio, and improvement ratio according to user requests and cache sizes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.2800-2814
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• 2020

5G network optimization problem is a challenging optimization problem in the practical engineering applications. In this paper, to tackle this issue, Pareto fronts-driven Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search (PMOCS) is proposed based on Cuckoo Search. Firstly, the original global search manner is upgraded to a new form, which is aimed to strengthening the convergence. Then, the original local search manner is modified to highlight the diversity. To test the overall performance of PMOCS, PMOCS is test on three test suits against several classical comparison methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PMOCS exhibits outstanding performance. Further experiments on the 5G network optimization problem indicates that PMOCS is promising compared with other methods.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

This paper provides an overview of optical transport technology for 5G mobile fronthaul. The configuration of fronthaul network is classified with dedicated fiber, passive WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing), active WDM, and semi-active WDM, which has its own advantages and drawbacks. Various WDM technology is applied for fronthaul transport, depending on the wavelength bands, required number of wavelength channels, configuration of fronthaul network, etc. In order to meet the increasing transport capacity, a 50/100 Gbps optical transceiver will be used in place of the present 10/25 Gbps technology. Trends will be continued to enhance the flexibility and reliability of the fronthaul optical network supporting highly advanced 5G mobile services.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

네트워크 장비 업체나 통신사뿐만 아니라 여러 국가들에서도 상용화를 목표로 5G 기술 확보를 위한 대규모의 연구 개발 역량을 집결하고 있다. 이 중 대다수의 연구 개발은 SDN(Software Defined Network)과 NFV(Network Function Virtualization)를 기반으로 두고 있다. 이는 5G의 아키텍처가 동적인 네트워크를 생성하는데 초점을 맞추고 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 고에서는 METIS 2020(Mobile and wireless communication Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society)에서 발표한 최종 리포트를 참고하여 5G 이동통신 네트워크에서의 SDN과 NFV의 역할에 대해 알아 보고, 현재 진행 중인 개발 행태를 보기 위해 대표 기업들의 동향을 살펴본다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Industrial networks has been developing various technologies from fieldbus technology to industrial Ethernet and time-sensitive networking. The industry expects that the 5G mobile network will solve the diverse and highly specific industrial site requirements. Accordingly, 3GPP has been developing standard functions to provide ultra-high reliability, ultra-high speed, ultra-connection, and ultra-low latency services, and 3GPP Rel-16 began developing ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability communication functions for 5G mobile networks to support vertical industries. In this paper, we show the related standardization trends and requirements to apply industrial IoT service scenarios to 5G mobile networks, and in particular, we introduce 5G system features and extended 5G system architecture to provide time sensitive communication and time synchronization services.