• Review of KIISC
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

보안은 5G 이동통신 네트워크의 성공적인 정착을 위한 필요충분조건이다. 5G 보안의 중요한 표준으로 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)의 보안 담당 워킹그룹인 SA3는 3GPP 5G 보안구조를 제시하였다. 특히, 3GPP 5G 보안구조는 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) 인증 프레임워크를 채택함으로써 이기종의 다양한 인증 기법과 자격증명을 용이하게 포용할 수 있는 유연성을 갖추었다. 서비스 융합 네트워크를 지향하는 5G의 비전을 고려할 때, EAP 인증 프레임워크는 보안측면에 있어서 매우 중요한 전략이라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 3GPP 5G 보안구조를 위한 EAP 인증 프레임워크를 고찰한다. 이를 위해, 1차 인증을 위한 EAP 기반의 인증 프로토콜 EAP-AKA'을 면밀히 검토하면서 1차 인증에서의 EAP 인증 프레임워크 적용방안을 분석한다. 아울러, 2차 인증을 위한 EAP 인증 프레임워크의 적용과 네트워크 슬라이싱 (Network Slicing)과의 연동을 살펴본다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2021

The deployment of 5G is in full swing, with a significant yearly growth in the data traffic expected to reach 26% by the year and data consumption to reach 122 EB per month by 2022 [10]. In parallel, the idea of smart cities has been implemented by various governments and private organizations. One of the main objectives of 5G deployment is to help develop and realize smart cities. 5G can support the enhanced data delivery requirements and the mass connection requirements of a smart city environment. However, for specific high-demanding applications like tactile Internet, transportation, and augmented reality, the cloud-based 5G infrastructure cannot deliver the required quality of services. We suggest using multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology for smart cities' environments to provide the necessary support. In cloud computing, the dependency on a central server for computation and storage adds extra cost in terms of higher latency. We present a few scenarios to demonstrate how the MEC, with its distributed architecture and closer proximity to the end nodes can significantly improve the quality of services by reducing the latency. This paper has surveyed the existing work in MEC for 5G and highlights various challenges and opportunities. Moreover, we propose a unique framework based on the use of MEC for 5G in a smart city environment. This framework works at multiple levels, where each level has its own defined functionalities. The proposed framework uses the MEC and introduces edge-sub levels to keep the computing infrastructure much closer to the end nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1032-1039
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• 2022

In this paper, we designed and implemented a cavity bandpass filter combined with a cross-coupling equalizer structure to enhance Group delay for 5G mobile network repeater, which can replace the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) type bandwidth filter used in the existing mobile communication system. Using the 3D EM simulation tool (HFSS), the resonance frequency, the coupling coefficient between resonators, and external quality coefficient between resonators were calculated. Based on this, a 12th bandpass filter was constructed to have attenuation characteristics of more than 20dB at the edge end of both sides of the band with a metal cavity structure with a frequency band of 3500MHz to 3600MHz and bandwidth of 97.85MHz. The designed bandpass filter satisfies the group delay time requirement for the 5G mobile communication standard and the in-band and out-band frequency responses.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• 제14A권5호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2007

We propose more enhanced heuristic for the GOSST(Grade of Services Steiner Minimum Tree) problem in this paper. GOSST problem is a variation of Steiner Tree problem and to find a network topology satisfying the G-Condition with minimum network construction cost. GOSST problem is known as one of NP-Hard or NP-Complete problems. In previous our research, we proposed a heuristic employing Direct Steiner Point Locating strategy with Distance Preferring MST building strategy. In this paper, we propose new Steiner point locating strategy, Zigzag Steiner point Locating strategy. Through the results of out experiments, we can assert this strategy is better than our previous works. The Distance Zigzag GOSST method which hires the Distance Preferring MST building strategy and Zigzag Steiner point Locating strategy defrays the least network construction cost and brings 31.5% cost saving by comparison to G-MST, the experimental control and 2.2% enhancement by comparison to the Distance Direct GOSST method, the best GOSST method in our previous research.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.801-817
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• 2021

Network virtualization technologies have played efficient roles in deploying cloud, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and 5G network. We have conducted a survey on network virtualization technologies, such as software-defined networking (SDN), network functions virtualization (NFV), and network virtualization overlay (NVO). For each of technologies, we have explained the comprehensive architectures, applied technologies, and the advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper has provided a summarized view of the latest research works on challenges and solutions of security issues mainly focused on DDoS attack and encryption.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2022

The Korean mobile service market has persistently grown with the number of subscribers and volume of mobile traffic. It shows the slow diffusion of 5G subscribers, and rapid growth of both the MVNO(Mobile Virtual Network Operator) market and unlocked mobile phones. Therefore, this study derives the direction of telcos' strategies and policy implications by empirically analyzing the usage and attitude of LTE and 5G subscribers. Our major findings are as follows: First, our current mobile service subscription market constitutes most long-term customers for their incumbent carriers only by device change from lock-in with bundle services. Mobile tariffs, data speed, and benefits of bundle services are important factors affecting choices and customers' satisfaction with a provider and intentions of churning to another. Second, demand and satisfaction for using 5G are less because speeds and service tariffs act as pain points for 5G services. Third, the users' high preferences for MVNOs and unlocked mobile phones are linked to their subscription to MVNOs' low-cost plans with unlocked mobile phones on online channels. These streams lead to a big change in the market competition that MNO(Mobile Network Operator)s' market shares are expected to decrease and MVNOs' shares will be increased by two times, in the near future. Therefore, MNOs need to change their distribution strategies from offline to online channels and try to resolve the stereotype, "mobile tariffs are expensive," by enhancing their service values. Finally, as consumers prefer one-stop service in the same channel regardless of the distribution channel, policies should focus on the consumers' needs for convenience rather than on the channel separation for perfectly unlocked mobile phones.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2022

To improve spectrum and energy efficiency in the fifth generation (5G) wireless channels, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) transmissions have been envisioned, possibly towards the sixth generation (6G) networks. In this paper, we analyze the bit-error rate (BER) performance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. First, we derive a closed-form expression of the BER in terms of Q functions. Then we analyze the BER improvement of the IRS NOMA system over the conventional NOMA system with respect to the power allocation. Furthermore, we also demonstrate numerically the BER improvement of the IRS NOMA network over the conventional NOMA network in respect of the number of reflecting devices.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1070-1076
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• 2016

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2020

The development of 5G technology, which is a next-generation communication technology capable of processing large amounts of data in real-time and solving delays, is drawing attention. Not only in the United States but also Korea, 5G is focused on supporting R&D as a national strategic technology. The strategy for the smart factory, one of the core services of the 5G, aims to increase the flexibility of manufacturing production lines. The existing wired communications devices can be replaced into wireless ones with the ultra-low-delay and ultra-high-speed characteristics of 5G. For the efficient development of 5G technology, it is necessary to keep abreast of the status and trend. In this study, based on the collected data of 1517 Korea patents and 1928 US patents, 5G technologies trend was analyzed and key technologies were identified by network analysis and topic modeling. We expect that it will be used for decision making for policy establishment and technology strategy of related industries to provide the trends of technology development related to the introduction of 5G technology to smart factories.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2020

The underlaying communication scheme in 5G cellular network is a very promising resource sharing scheme, and it is an effective scheme for improving service performance of 5G and reducing communication load between a cellular link and a device to device (D2D) link. This paper proposes the algorithm to minimize the resource interference that occurs when performing 5G-based multi-class service on gNB(gNodeB) and the cooperative priority-based resource allocation scheduling scheme (CPRAS) to maximize 5G communication service according to the analyzed control conditions of interference. The proposed CPRAS optimizes communication resources for each device, and it optimizes resource allocation according to the service request required for 5G communication and the current state of the network. In addition, the proposed scheme provides a function to guarantee giga-class service by minimizing resource interference between a cellular link and a D2D link in gNB. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better system performance than the Pure cellular and Force cellular schemes. In particular, the higher the priority and the higher the cooperative relationship between UE(User Equipment), the proposed scheme shows the more effective control of the resource interference.