• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2021

5G networks are rapidly expanding. Simultaneously, the need for a testbed-not a commercial network-is increasing to verify aspects such as 5G network security vulnerabilities. Open-source projects in 4G networks already exist and are implemented similarly in commercial networks. Due to the compatibilty between 5G and 4G networks, 5G networks are being developed and implemented as open-source projects on the basis of 4G networks. In this study, we review the development trends of 5G open-source projects and simulators that can be used for 5G research.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.72-88
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• 2018

In the fifth generation (5G) era, the radio internet protocol capacity is expected to reach 20 Gb/s per sector, and ultralarge content traffic will travel across a faster wireless/wireline access network and packet core network. Moreover, the massive and mission-critical Internet of Things is the main differentiator of 5G services. These types of real-time and large-bandwidth-consuming services require a radio latency of less than 1 ms and an end-to-end latency of less than a few milliseconds. By distributing 5G core nodes closer to cell sites, the backhaul traffic volume and latency can be significantly reduced by having mobile devices download content immediately from a closer content server. In this paper, we propose a novel solution based on software-defined network and network function virtualization technologies in order to achieve agile management of 5G core network functionalities with a proof-of-concept implementation targeted for the PyeongChang Winter Olympics and describe the results of interoperability testing experiences between two core networks.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2016

Network and network functions virtualization (NFV) promise a number of attractive benefits and thus have driven mobile network operators to transform their previously static networks to more dynamic and software-defined networks. In this article, we share a mobile network operator's view based on implementation and deployment experiences in the wild during the past few years towards a software-defined 5G core network. More specifically, we present a practical point of view from mobile network operators and elaborate on why some of the virtualization benefits such as total cost of ownership (TCO) reduction are not easily realized as initially intended. Then, we describe 5G visions, services, and their requirements commonly agreed across mobile operators globally. Given the requirements, we then introduce desirable characteristics of 5G mobile core network and its key enabling technologies.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.896-914
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• 2020

With the rapid growth of network traffic, a large number of connected devices, and higher application services, the traditional network is facing several challenges. In addition to improving the current network architecture and hardware specifications, effective resource management means the development trend of 5G. Although many existing potential technologies have been proposed to solve the some of 5G challenges, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), software-defined networking (SDN), network functions virtualization (NFV), edge computing, millimeter-wave, etc., research studies in 5G continue to enrich its function and move toward B5G mobile networks. In this paper, focusing on the resource allocation issues of 5G core networks and radio access networks, we address the latest technological developments and discuss the current challenges for resource management in 5G.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2023

Extended reality (XR) provides an immersive virtual experience by using various media. The XR virtual environment enables interactions between the real and virtual worlds in virtual, augmented, and mixed reality scenarios. XR is being used in various areas such as industry, medical care, road transportation, gaming, education, and culture. XR and multimedia enhancement are important business scenarios for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. As users' demand for emerging media services gradually increases, enhancements in networks should be implemented for delivering multimedia services such as XR. We describe related standardization trends and requirements of the XR service in 5G mobile networks. We also discuss technological enhancements for 5G mobile networks as specified by the 3GPP SA2 working group.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2023

5G 네트워크의 핵심 기술로 모바일 에지 컴퓨팅(Mobile Edge Computing, MEC)이 주목받음에 따라, 모바일 사용자의 데이터를 기반으로 한 5G 네트워크 기반 에지 AI 기술이 최근 다양한 분야에서 이용되고 있다. 하지만, 전통적인 인공지능 보안에서와 마찬가지로, 에지 AI 핵심 기능을 담당하는 코어망 내 표준 5G 네트워크 기능들에 대한 적대적 교란이 발생할 가능성이 존재한다. 더불어, 3GPP에서 정의한 5G 표준 내 Standalone 모드의MEC 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 데이터 오염 공격은 기존 LTE망 대비 현재 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본연구에서는 5G에서 에지 AI의 핵심 기능을 담당하는 네트워크 기능인 NWDAF를 활용하는 MEC 환경에 대한 위협 모델을 탐구하고, 일부 개념 증명으로써 Leaf NWDAF에 대한 데이터 오염 공격 탐지 성능을 향상시키기 위한 특징 선택 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법론을 통해, NWDAF에서의 Slowloris 공격 기반 데이터 오염 공격에 대해 최대 94.9%의 탐지율을 달성하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 5G 무선 네트워크에서 높은 처리율, 저지연 및 서비스 영역화를 제공하기 위한 LADN(로컬 영역 데이터망)을 살펴보고, LADN을 위한 향상된 제어 프로토콜 설계 방안을 제안한다. LADN은 3GPP 5G 통신 시스템에서 새롭게 도입된 개념으로써, 단말(UE)이 특성 서비스 영역에 위치해 있을 때, 특정 LADN 세션을 연결할 수 있는 데이터 네트워크를 의미한다. 5G 무선 네트워크에서 단말과 핵심 망의 LADN 정보가 동일하지 않은 경우가 발생했을 때, 단말의 LADN 세션 설정이 실패하게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 특정 등록 절차 수행을 통하여 단말과 5G 핵심 망의 LADN 정보를 신속하게 갱신하여 일치시키고 곧바로 LADN 세션을 적절하게 설정한다. 결과적으로, 제안하는 ECP 기법은 5G 무선 네트워크에서 LADN 서비스 제공을 위한 세션 연결 수행 시, 불필요한 제어 신호 오버헤드 및 통신 지연 발생을 방지할 수 있다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2024

5G New Radio(NR) technology, with its focus on high speed, low latency, and connectivity, introduces crucial advancements like MIMO for enhanced reliability and transmission rates, edge computing for reduced latency, and IAB for extended coverage. However, military communication networks face challenges such as limited capacity, unpredictable mobility and communication dead zones. This paper delves into the trends of the above 5G NR technologies outlined by the 3GPP standard, exploring their potential applications within military infrastructure networks. Our aim is to underscore the benefits of harnessing these technologies in military settings. Additionally, through simulation, we forecast the advantages associated with integrating these core 5G NR technologies, thereby paving the way for enhanced military communication capabilities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2709-2716
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• 2020

Compositions of large nuclear cores (e.g. boiling water reactors) are highly heterogeneous in terms of fuel composition, control rod insertions and flow regimes. For this reason, they usually lack high order of symmetry (e.g. 1/4, 1/8) making it difficult to estimate their neutronic parameters for large spaces of possible loading patterns. A detailed hyperparameter optimization technique (a combination of manual and Gaussian process search) is used to train and optimize deep neural networks for the prediction of three neutronic parameters for the Ringhals-1 BWR unit: power peaking factors (PPF), control rod bank level, and cycle length. Simulation data is generated based on half-symmetry using PARCS core simulator by shuffling a total of 196 assemblies. The results demonstrate a promising performance by the deep networks as acceptable mean absolute error values are found for the global maximum PPF (~0.2) and for the radially and axially averaged PPF (~0.05). The mean difference between targets and predictions for the control rod level is about 5% insertion depth. Lastly, cycle length labels are predicted with 82% accuracy. The results also demonstrate that 10,000 samples are adequate to capture about 80% of the high-dimensional space, with minor improvements found for larger number of samples. The promising findings of this work prove the ability of deep neural networks to resolve high dimensionality issues of large cores in the nuclear area.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1914-1924
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• 2016

본 논문은 5G 모바일 네트워크에서 가상화 기반의 이동통신 코어망인 Virtualized Evolved Packet Core(vEPC) 환경을 고려하여, 가입자의 종류 및 트래픽 식별에 따라 동적으로 End-to-end 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기술인 Service Function Chaining(SFC)을 적용하기 위한 구조 및 메시지 절차를 제안한다. SFC 기술은 네트워크 기능들을 물리적인 연결에 상관없이 선택적으로 제공하기 위한 기술로써, 가상화 기반 네트워크 기술인 Network Function Virtualization(NFV)기반의 네트워크 환경에서 서비스 제공을 위한 주요 기술로 예상된다. 특히, 5G 모바일 코어 네트워크는 분산 코어 형태로 구축될 것으로 예상되기 때문에 본 논문에서는 이를 고려하여 계층적 SFC(hSFC: Hierarchical SFC) 구조를 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 구조 및 구조 내에서의 SFC를 이용한 경로 설정 메시지 절차를 정의하고 오픈소스 기반의 테스트베드 설계를 통해 이를 구현하고자 하였다.