• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2002

본 논문은 DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer)구조와 CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm), 그리고 LMS (Least Mean Square) 알고리즘을 이용한 등화기에 대하여 기술한다. DFE 구조는 기존의 transversal 구조의 등화기에 비하여 빠른 채널 적응 속도와 낮은 BER (Bit Error Rate) 값을 가지며 ISI(Intersymbol Interference)가 심한 환경에서도 좋은 성능을 나타낸다. 본 등화기는 16/64 QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) 변복조 방식에 적용할 수 있으며, 고속으로 동작할 수 있도록 고속의 곱셈기와 많은 수의 CSA (Carry Save Adder)를 사용하였다. COSSAP/sup TM/ 캐드 툴을 사용하여 부동 소수점 모델과 고정 소수점 모델을 개발하였으며, VHDL 모델을 개발하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따라 feedback 부분과 feedforward 부분에 각각 12개와 8개의 탭을 사용하였으며, 다중 경로 페이딩 채널에서 BER이 10-6일 때를 기준으로 보면 등화기를 사용하지 않은 채널의 BER 보다 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)이 4dB 정도 향상되었다. SYNOPSYS/sup TM/ 캐드 툴과 삼성의 0.5 ㎛ standard cell library (STD80) 를 이용하여 로직 합성을 수행하였으며, 전체 게이트 카운트는 약 13만개를 보였다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2003

G-code, another name of ISO6983, has been a popular commanding language for operating machine tools. This G-code, however, limits the usage of today's fast evolving high-performance hardware. For intelligent machines, the communications between machine and CAD/CAM departments become important, but the loss of information during generating G-code makes the production department isolated. The new standard for operating machine tools, named STEP-NC is just about to be standardized as ISO14649. As this new standard stores CAD/CAM information as well as operation commands of CNC machines, and this characteristic makes this machine able to exchange information with other departments. In this research, the new CNC machine operated by STEP-NC was built and tested. Unlike other prototypes of STEP-NC milling machines, this system uses the STEP-NC file in XML file form as data input. This machine loads information from XML file and deals with XML file structure. It is possible for this machine to exchange information to other databases using XML. The STEP-NC milling machines in this research loads information from the XML file, makes tool paths for two5D features with information of STEP-NC, and machines automatically without making G-code. All software is programmed with Visual $C^{++}$, and the milling machine is built with table milling machine, step motors, and motion control board for PC that can be directly controlled by Visual $C^{++}$ commands. All software and hardware modules are independent from each other; it allows convenient substitution and expansion of the milling machine. Example 1 in ISO14649-11 having the full geometry and machining information and example 2 having only the geometry and tool information were used to test the automatic machining capability of this system.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2014

본 논문은 갠트리 크레인의 설계를 위해 컨테이너 하역작업 시 특정하중 조건하의 RTGC(Rubber Tired Gantry Crane)의 동적거동과 그에 따른 윤하중을 분석한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 먼저 RTGC의 동적거동을 살펴보기 위해 거대 구조물인 크레인의 유한요소 모델을 개발하고 고유진동수와 고유모드의 모달시험결과를 이용하여 유한요소모델을 검증하였다. RTGC의 기타 부속품은 3차원 CAD모델링을 통해 다물체 동역학해석 소프트웨어인 ADAMS에서 강체로 모델링하였다. 본 연구에서 하중 조건은 일반적인 컨테이너의 이송조건(OP1)과 외부부하조건 없이 단순히 트롤리를 이용하여 컨테이너를 하역하는 2가지 경우로 고려하였다. 해석 결과 RTGC의 컨테이너 작업 시 발생하는 크레인의 진동은 거대 구조물의 강성과 변형에 주로 기인함을 확인하였으며 이러한 크레인의 진동은 RTGC의 움직임을 발생시켜 컨테이너 하역작업 불능 등의 거동을 발생시킬 수 있음을 분석할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical application of digitized silicone rubber impressions by comparing the accuracy of zirconia 3-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated from 2 types of data (working model and impression) obtained from a laser scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten working models and impressions were prepared with epoxy resin and vinyl polysiloxane, respectively. Based on the data obtained from the laser scanner (D-700; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), a total of 20 zirconia frameworks were prepared using a dental CAD/CAM system (DentalDesigner; 3shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark / Ener-mill, Dentaim, Seoul, Korea). The silicone replicas were sectioned into four pieces to evaluate the framework fit. The replicas were imaged using a digital microscope, and the fit of the reference points (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7) were measured using the program in the device. Measured discrepancies were divided into 5 categories of gaps (MG, CG, AWG, AOTG, OG). Data were analyzed with Student's t-test ($\alpha$=0.05), repeated measures ANOVA and two-way ANOVA (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. The mean gap of the zirconia framework prepared from the working models presented a narrower discrepancy than the frameworks fabricated from the impression bodies. The mean of the total gap in premolars (P=.003) and molars (P=.002) exhibited a statistical difference between two groups. CONCLUSION. The mean gap dimensions of each category showed statistically significant difference. Nonetheless, the digitized impression bodies obtained with a laser scanner were applicable to clinical settings, considering the clinically acceptable marginal fit ($120{\mu}m$).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.989-998
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses. Methods: Eighteen time-mated Mongolian ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at d 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6) and control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on d 140. Results: The G0/G1 phase cell number in fetal thymus of the RG1 group was increased but the proliferation index and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). Fetuses in the RG1 group exhibited decreased growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), and their mRNA expressions (p<0.05). For the RG2 fetuses, there were no differences in the proliferation index and PCNA expression (p>0.05), but growth hormone (GH) and the mRNA expression of GHR were lower than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The thymic mRNA expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), CCNE, E2-factors (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F5) were reduced in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), and decreased mRNA expressions of E2F4, CCNA, CCNB, and CCND were occurred in the RG1 fetuses (p<0.05). The decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), but the OB-cadherin which is a marker for activated fibroblasts was increased in fetal thymus of the RG1 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that weakened GH/IGF signaling system repressed the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase in IUGR fetal thymus, but the switch from reduced E-cad to increased OB-cadherin suggests that transdifferentiation process of EMT associated with fibrogenesis was strengthened. The impaired cell growth, retarded proliferation and modified differentiation were responsible for impaired maturation of IUGR fetal thymus.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the color stability of provisional restorative materials fabricated by 3D printing, dental milling, and conventional materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the experimental groups, two commercially available 3D-printing provisional resins (E-Dent 100; EnvisionTEC GmbH, Germany & VeroGlaze™; Stratasys^®, USA), two dental milling blocks (PMMA Disk; Yamahachi Dental Co., Japan & Telio^®CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), and two conventional materials (Alike™; GC Co., Japan & Luxatemp automix plus; DMG, Germany) were used. The water sorption and solubility test were (n=10, respectively) carried out according to ISO4049:2000 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland). For the color stability test (n=10), coffee and black tea were used as staining solutions, and the specimens were stored for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) (P<.05). RESULTS. Alike and Veroglaze showed the highest values and Luxatemp showed the lowest water sorption. In the color stability test, the ΔE of conventional materials varied depending on the staining solution. PMMA milling blocks showed a relatively low ΔE up to 4 weeks, and then significantly increased after 8 weeks (P<.05). 3D-printed materials exhibited a high ΔE or a significant increase over time (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The degree of discoloration increased with time, and a visually perceptible color difference value (ΔE) was shown regardless of the materials and solutions. PMMA milled and 3D-printed materials showed more rapid change in discoloration after 8 weeks.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2013

휴대전화의 이용이 증가하면서, 손에 미치는 전자파의 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. IEC TC106에서도 휴대전화의 전자파 인체 노출량 평가 방법 표준에 손 영향을 반영하기 위하여 국제적인 교류 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 현재 상용화된 손 팬텀은 평균 서양인 손을 이용하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 한 가지 형태의 파지(把持)만 가능하기 때문에, SAR 측정 결과에 대한 분석에 제한이 많은 실정이다. 손의 영향을 제대로 분석하기 위해서는 다양한 형태의 파지가 가능한 손 팬텀이 필요하다. 또한, 국내 환경에 맞는 손 팬텀의 개발이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 형태의 파지가 가능한 835 MHz 대역과 1,800 MHz 대역의 한국인의 젤리형 손 팬텀을 제작하였다. 제작된 손 팬텀의 전기적 특성은 비유전율과 도전율이 CTIA(미국이동통신산업협회) 권고 기준 값의 ${\pm}10%$이내로서, CTIA에서 제시하는 오차 기준(${\pm}20%$)보다 더 우수한 특성을 나타냈다. 또한, 손 팬텀의 3D CAD(3차원 컴퓨터 이용 설계) 파일을 개발하여 손에 의한 SAR 영향 분석을 위한 시뮬레이션에서 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제작된 젤리형 손 팬텀과 3D 파일은 휴대 전화의 손 영향에 대한 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

This study provide basic data to develop a dress form reflecting body shape characteristics by age and to produce a 3D body form in a virtual fitting program. A comparative analysis was conducted on the size, section shape, and slope of side shape of the modeling form by the sizing of the basic female avatar in CLO 3D, one of the 3D apparel CAD programs and the body form of women in their 20s-50s by body shape in the 6th Size Korea (2010). First, all the differences were formed similarly in the direct measurements between the 3D avatar and the body form were within 1 mm. Second, in a comparison of the section form of the avatar and body form in Size Korea, the avatar was formed in straight body shape and did not reflect a spinal curvature according to age. As a result of an examination of the items with a difference over 5° in the slope of side shape, there were angle differences in numerous body shapes in the angles of the side upper abdomen, side upper back, and side upper bust, and the avatar's bust shape was expressed more flatly compared to body form. It will be possible to produce an avatar that can adequately reflect body shape characteristics by adding detailed length and angle items by the region like waist back length and front length in producing the avatar reflecting body shape characteristics, instead of a standard body shape.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

Euclidean Voronoi diagram of spheres in 3-dimensional space has not been explored as much as it deserves even though it has significant potential impacts on diverse applications in both science and engineering. In addition, studies on the data structure for its topology have not been reported yet. Presented in this, paper is the topological representation for Euclidean Voronoi diagram of spheres which is a typical non-manifold model. The proposed representation is a variation of radial edge data structure capable of dealing with the topological characteristics of Euclidean Voronoi diagram of spheres distinguished from those of a general non-manifold model and Euclidean Voronoi diagram of points. Various topological queries for the spatial reasoning on the representation are also presented as a sequence of adjacency relationships among topological entities. The time and storage complexities of the proposed representation are analyzed.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2002

In this study, 3-dimensional virtual visualization was performed for a rapid and accurate analysis of sea bottom topography. The visualization was done through the extracted data using the developed program and the generated data using the gridding method. The data extraction program was developed with AutoLISP programming language and this program was able to extract the needed sample bathymetry data from the electronic sea chart systematically as well as effectively The gridded bathymetry data were generated by the interpolation or extrapolation method from the spatially-irregular sample data. As the result of realization for the 3-dimensional virtual visualization, it was shown a proper feasibility in the analysis of the sea bottom topography to determine the route of submarine cable burial.