• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

For the development of feasible retinal prosthesis, one of the important elements is acquiring proper judging tool if electrical stimulus leads to patient's visual perception. If evoked potential to electrical stimulus is recorded in primary visual (V1) cortex, it means that the stimulus effectively evokes visual perception. Therefore, in this study, we established VEP recording system on V1 cortex using BioPAC modules as the judging tool. And the measuring system was evaluated by recording VEP of mice. After anesthesia, normal mice (C57BL/6J strain; n = 6) were secured to stereotaxic apparatus (Harvard Apparatus, USA). For the recording of VEP, the stainless steel needle electrode (impedance: $2-5k{\Omega}$) was positioned on the surface of the cortex through the burr hole at 2.5 mm lateral and 4.6 mm caudal to bregma. DA 100C and EEG 100C BioPAC modules were used for the trigger signal and VEP recording, respectively. When left eye was blocked by black cover and right eye was stimulated by flash light using HMsERG (RetVet Corp, USA), VEP response at left V1 cortex was detected, but there was no response at right V1 cortex. Amplitudes and latencies of P2, N3 peaks of VEP recording varied according to the depths of the electrodes on V1 cortex. From the surface upto $600{\mu}m$ depth, amplitudes of P2 and N3 increased, while deeper than $600{\mu}m$, those amplitudes decreased. The deeper the insertion depth of the electrode, the latency of N1 peaks tends to be delayed. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the latencies of P2 and N3 peaks (P > 0.05, ANOVA). Our VEP recording data such as the insertion depth and the latency and amplitudes of peaks might be used as guidelines for electrically-evoked potential (EEP) recording experiment in near future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.22.1-22.8
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the tip and taper compatibility of accessory gutta-percha points (AGPs) with various rotary and reciprocating instruments. Materials and Methods: Using a profile analyzer, tip and taper measurements were taken of 10 AGPs of each of the 14 models available from Odous de Deus and the 4 models available from Dentsply-Maillefer. Diameter measurements were taken at 1-mm intervals, from 3 mm from the tip (D3) to 16 mm. Results: Based on the mean values obtained, 3-dimensional (3D) models of the AGPs were drawn in Autodesk Fusion 360 and superimposed on 3D models of each instrument selected (Mtwo, Reciproc, RaCe, K3, and ProDesign Logic) to determine the compatibility between the instrument and the AGP. Data corresponding to the tips and tapers of the various AGPs, as well as the tip and taper differences between the AGPs and the instruments, were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The tapers of the AGPs were subject to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association No. 57 standard. The Odous de Deus extra-long medium and extra-long extra-medium AGPs were shown to be compatible with Mtwo, K3, and ProDesign Logic instruments with taper 0.06 and tip sizes 25 and 30, while the Dentsply fine and fine medium cones were compatible with Mtwo, RaCe, and K3 instruments with conicity of 0.04 and tip sizes 35 and 40. Conclusions: Both the Odous de Deus and Dentsply commercial brands included 2 AGP models with tip (D3) and taper compatibility with Mtwo, RaCe, K3, and/or Prodesign Logic instruments.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sensory properties and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) for branded Hanwoo beef. Eight subprimal cuts purchased from the branded Hanwoo beef of 3 quality grades ($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1) at 13 stores were determined the tenderness using WBS and evaluated the sensory properties (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) by trained sensory panels. The results of sensory evaluation were analyzed by four WBS value classes (<3.46 kg, 3.46-4.09 kg, 4.09-4.72 kg, >4.72 kg). The results from the sensory evaluation (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) for subprimal cuts of WBS force value less than 3.46 kg had high scores, whereas WBS force value more than 4.72 kg had low scores (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of WBS measurements with sensory ratings was -0.67 (tenderness), -0.53 (flavor), -0.49 (juiciness), and -0.57 (overall acceptance). From these results, consumers can distinguish sensory taste of branded Hanwoo beef using WBS categories and beef industry can apply index of taste for brand Hanwoo beef by WBS categories.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the correlation between the administration of various antiviral agents and the alternation of specific biomarkers induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Eligible subjects diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B were prescribed with antiviral drugs at the Gastroenterology Internal Medicine Department of E University Hospital in Daejeon between May 2004 and September 2009. Lamivudine was prescribed to 66 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 6 (50.0%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative. Of the 39 patients, 23 (59.0%) showed higher than 40 IU/L alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Of the 65 patients, 41 (63.1%) showed HBV DNA decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Lamivudine. Adefovir was prescribed to 3 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 1 (8.3%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative, and was prescribed with Adefovir. Entecavir was prescribed to 19 (19.0%) out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 3 (25.0%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative. Of the 12 patients, 3 (125.8%) showed higher than 40 IU/L ALT. Of the 65 patients, 14 (21.5%) showed HBV DNA decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Entecavir. Clavudine was prescribed to 7 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 1 (8.3%) showed a change from positive HBe antigen to negative HBe antigen. Of the 39 patients, 5 (12.8%) showed higher than 40 IU/L ALT. Of the 65 patients, 6 (9.2%) showed HBV decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Clavudine. These results do not show a statistically significant correlation between drugs and biomarkers. Data on combination therapy using Lamivudine and Adefovir show no statistically significant difference between drugs and biomarkers. Medications for periodic inspection was not correlated to HBe-antigen-negative conversion, ALT, and HBV DNA. HBV DNA was significantly reduced in patients with high levels of AST(aspartic acid aminotransferase) and ALT before treatment. In addition, the decrease of HBV DNA after 12 months of treatment was less frequently observed in patients treated with Lamivudine compared with other drugs. This result is associated with Lamivudine resistance. Although the association of drugs with diagnostic markers and the correct choice of treatment is difficult to determine, these results may be useful for further research on diagnosis and treatment of the hepatitis B virus.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Bamboo leaf has many nutritional and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, and it can be used for various foods application. Fermentation is one of appropriate processes that can affect the nutrition, taste and flavor, and antioxidant activities of foods. In this study, a representative domestic bamboo tree (Sasa coreana Nakai) leaves were fermented by Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11315 and the changes of carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were investigated before and after fermentation. During the fermentation period, firstly, the leaf was softened and turned to brown. The constituent carbohydrates were slightly increased from $432.09{\pm}5.38mg/g$ to $458.42{\pm}7.39mg/g$, and free sugars decreased by 95% from $28.12{\pm}2.03mg/g$ to $1.4{\pm}0.14mg/g$. Mineral was $20987.5{\pm}345.1{\mu}g/mL$, which was slightly increased after the fermentation compared to $20804.1{\pm}364.6{\mu}g/mL$ before that. The total amino acids were increased to $73881.94{\pm}137.59mg/100g$ compared to $58464.51{\pm}109.12mg/100g$ before fermentation, and free amino acids decreased by more than 85% from $32782.67{\pm}92.49mg/100g$ to $4827.83{\pm}19.76mg/100g$. Total polyphenols content (TPC) increased from $25.51{\pm}1.04GAE^*mg/g$ to $35.34{\pm}0.91GAE^*mg/g$, and the total flavonoid content (TFC) increased to $80.57{\pm}0.22QE^*mg/g$ compared to $69.64{\pm}0.26QE^*mg/g$. The total catechin content (TCC) of TFC was decreased from $69.64{\pm}0.94mg/L$ to $58.23{\pm}0.76mg/L$. The DPPH radical $IC_{50}$ of bamboo leaves decreased to $2624.85{\pm}37.03{\mu}g/mL$ and the ABTS radical $IC_{50}$ of $187.26{\pm}4.78{\mu}g/mL$ was increased after the fermentation. These results could be used as essential nutritional data before developing processed food products using the bamboo leaf.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2020

This study aims to verify whether service characteristic factors of theme park, consisting of ease of access, convenience of service, diversity of events and safety of facilities have positive effect on customer satisfaction and, in turn, customer satisfaction on intention of revisit for customers. We conducted surveys on 317 customers having experiences of visiting domestic theme parks and obtained the results that three factors except ease of access have positive effect on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction on intention of revisit. As the further analysis, we checked if customer satisfaction has positive moderating effect on the relationship between four service characteristic factors and intention of revisit. We found that diversity of events and safety of facilities have full moderating effect and convenience of service partial moderating effect, while ease of access has not that effect, which offer implication that theme parks have to make more effort and investments related to diversity of events and safety of facilities to increase possibility of customer revisit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of glucosinolates (GSL) in kale at various development stages. Kale varieties 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC' were cultivated from 20 February 2012 to 3 July 2013 in the greenhouse at Chungnam National University. During the cultivation periods, samples were harvested at 35, 63, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after sowing (DAS) and the amount of GSL quantified by HPLC. Ten types of GSL (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucoiberverin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin) were observed in 'TBC', whereas nine types of GSL (the same as above, except glucoiberverin) were identified in 'Manchoo Collard'. The amount of total GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' was comparatively higher at 133 DAS (mean $8.64{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and lower at 35 DAS ($1.16{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight, DW) of cultivation. In the case of 'TBC', the amount of GSL was higher at 91 DAS (mean $13.41{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and lower at 35 DAS ($0.31{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight, DW). Sinigrin was the most abundant GSL (57% of total GSL) in 'Manchoo Collard' at 133 DAS and was also highest (44%) in 'TBC' at 91 DAS. Together, progoitrin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin, the precursor of crambene, allylisothiocyanate, indol-3-cabinol, and phenethylisothiocyanate accounted for 94 and 78% of GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC', respectively. Our results demonstrate that the amounts of GSL, which have potential anti-carcinogenic activity, change during development in kale.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM), produced by decellularization from human cadaveric skin, has been used for various biomedical applications. A manufacturing process for ADM ($SureDerm^{TM}$) using tri-n-butyl phospahate (TnBP) and deoxycholic acids as the decellularization solution has been developed. The manufacturing process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has 70% ethanol treatment and ethylene oxide gas sterilization for inactivating infectious microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the 70% ethanol treatment, decellularization process using 0.1% TnBP and 2% deoxycholic acids, and EO gas sterilization process in the inactivation of viruses. A variety of experimental model viruses for human pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) were all selected for this study. Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment. However HAV and PPV showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment with the log reduction factors of 1.85 and 1.15, respectively. HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by decellularization process. All the viruses tested were completely inactivated to undetectable levels by EO gas treatment. The cumulative log reduction factors of HIV-1, BHV, BVDV, HAV, and PPV were $\geq12.71$, $\geq18.08$, $\geq14.92$, $\geq6.57$, and $\geq7.18$, respectively. These results indicate that the production process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has a sufficient virus-reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of the virus safety.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.622-632
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• 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the physiological activities and oxidation inhibitory action. The effects of various solvents (distilled water DW, 70% ethanol and n-butanol) on the total phenolics content (TPC) of turmeric and their corresponding biological activity were studied. Bioactive compound of total saponin $7.506{\pm}0.349mg\;SE/g$ dry weight. Turmeric extracts yield were DW (17.11%), 70% ethanol (15.26%) and n-butanol (4.12%), respectively. Oxidation inhibitory action of the samples exhibited a dose-dependent increase. However, in the current study, none of the samples evaluated showed activity as strong as the BHA, ascorbic acid and EDTA. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TPC and oxidation inhibitory action (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of n-butanol. Turmeric exhibited the antioxidant properties, which suggests that the plant material could be used for further studies as a potential source for bioactive and natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the groundwater level behavior of Geum river basin ($9,645.5km^2$) under future climate change scenario projection periods (2020s: 2010~2039, 2050s: 2040~2069, 2080s: 2070~2099) using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Before future evaluation, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using 11 years (2005~2015) daily multi-purpose dam inflow at 2 locations (DCD, YDD), ground water level data at 5 locations (JSJS, OCCS, BEMR, CASS, BYBY), and three years (2012~2015) daily multi-function weir inflow at 3 locations (SJW, GJW, BJW). For the two dam inflow and dam storage, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.57~0.67 and 0.87~0.94, and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was 0.69~0.73 and 0.63~0.73 respectively. For the three weir inflow and storage, the NSE was 0.68~0.70 and 0.94~0.99, and the $R^2$ was 0.83~0.86 and 0.48~0.61 respectively. The average $R^2$ for groundwater level was from 0.53 to 0.61. Under the future temperature increase of $4.3^{\circ}C$ and precipitation increase of 6.9% in 2080s (2070~2099) based on the historical periods (1976~2005) from HadGEM3-RA RCP 8.5 scenario, the future groundwater level shows decrease of -13.0 cm, -5.0 cm, -9.0 cm at 3 upstream locations (JSJS, OCCS, BEMR) and increase of +3.0 cm, +1.0 cm at 2 downstream locations (CASS, BYBY) respectively. The future groundwater level was directly affected by the groundwater recharge by the future seasonal spatial variation of rainfall in the watershed.