• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2011

We evaluated the nutritional value of 70% ethanol extracts (EE) from fermented cudrania tricuspidata fruit (ECT: EE of C. tricuspidata, EFCT: EE of fermented C. tricuspidata, EFCTL: EE of fermented C. tricuspidata by B. licheniformis, EFCTS: EE of fermented C. tricuspidata by B. subtilis) by determined the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory actions on elastase and tyrosinase. The yields of freeze-dried powder of ECT, EFCT, EFCTL, and EFCTS were 54.22%, 54.43%, 57.51%, and 57.23% (each w/w), respectively. The color of $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ values decreased of fermented cudrania tricuspidata. The fermented EFCTL and EFCTS had relatively higher contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid than those of other extracts. ABTS radical scavenging ability were 94.61%, 95.85%, 94.36%, and 96.69%, respectively. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activities were in the order EFCT (32.60%) > EFCTS (27.10%) > EFCT (23.30%) > ECT (22.00%), and nitrite scavenging activity was in order of EFCTS (51.18%) > EFCTL (45.61%) > EFCT (41.93%) > ECT (27.76%), respectively. Ferrous ion chelating activity of EFCTL (67.34%) and EFCTS (60.36%) was significantly the highest, whereas ECT (52.34%) and EFCT (51.73%) had not different significantly. Xanthine oxidase, elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities at 0.5% (w/v) solutions of EFCTL and EFCTS were somewhat higher than those of non-fermented ECT. In conclusion, we provide experimental evidence that extracts of fermented cudrania tricuspidata of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis exhibited higher antioxidant activities and inhibitory actions on elastase and tyrosinase compared with non fermented cudrania tricuspidata.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1998

This study was focused on setting up a proper portion by elementary school foodservice operation. The results were summarized as follows : Individual average consumption size and consumption rate from elementary school foodservice : cooked rice 238g(97.84%), soup 213g(93.8%), pot stew 277g(91.2%), stir fry 68g(83.9%), stew 67g(81.3%), fresh salad and seasoned vegetable 54g(81.0%), kimchi 49g(95.6%), one course dish 429g(96.3%). Proper portion of meal for the elementary school foodservice based on a statistical data was as follows : cooked rice 230g, soup 205g, pot stew 262g, stir fry 40∼55g, stew 70g, fresh salad and seasoned vegetable 45∼50g, kimchi 50g, one course dish 360∼400g.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to test the pollutant reduction effect by the silt fence and vegetated ridge through field monitoring. The experiment plots were established with two replication and three treatments. Each plot was designed with 5 m width, 22 m length, and 3 % slope. Flumes with the floating type stage gages were installed at the outlet of each plot to monitor the runoff. For a rainfall monitoring, tipping bucket rain gage was installed within the experiment site. Cultivated crops were spring daikon and autumn chinese cabbage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the water quality concentration from three experiment plots were not significantly different in 5 % of significant level. The monitoring results showed that the average pollution loads reduced by silt fence compared to control were SS 75.33 %, TN 40.87 %, TP 56.58 %, BOD 52.12 %, COD 36.07 %, TOC 34.99 %; by vegetated ridge compard to control were SS 65.27 %, TN 81.80 %, TP 54.26 %, BOD 67.09 %, COD 46.55 %, TOC 43.30 %. Analysis of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that BOD-SS and SS-Turbidity were highly related at the silt fence and vegetated ridge plots. In all plots, SS-Turbidity and TP-TN relations were relatively high. The monitoring results showed that the silt fence and vegetated ridge were effect method to reduce the pollutant loads from the field runoff. Long-term monitoring is required to obtain more quantitative reduction effect for diverse crops and to increase the reliability of results.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Purpose: Each ethnic group has a unique life style, including diets. Life style affects bowel movement. The aim of this study is to describe the results of colon transit time (CTT) tests in Korean children who had chronic functional constipation based on highly refined data. Methods: One hundred ninety (86 males) out of 415 children who performed a CTT test under the diagnosis of chronic constipation according to Rome III criteria at Konkuk University Medical Center from January 2006 through March 2015 were enrolled in this study. Two hundreds twenty-five children were excluded on the basis of CTT test result, defecation diary, and clinical setting. Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The median value and interquartile range (IQR) of CTT was 54 (37.5) hours in Encopresis group, and those in non-encopresis group was 40.2 (27.9) hours (p<0.001). The frequency of subtype between non-encopresis group and encopresis was statistically significant (p=0.002). The non-encopresis group (n=154, 81.1%) was divided into normal transit subgroup (n=84, 54.5%; median value and IQR of CTT=26.4 [9.6] hours), outlet obstruction subgroup (n=18, 11.7%; 62.4 [15.6] hours), and slow transit subgroup (n=52, 33.8%; 54.6 [21.0] hours]. The encopresis group (n=36, 18.9%) was divided into normal transit subgroup (n=8, 22.2%; median value and IQR of CTT=32.4 [9.9] hours), outlet obstruction subgroup (n=8, 22.2%; 67.8 [34.8] hours), and slow transit subgroup (n=20, 55.6%; 59.4 [62.7] hours). Conclusion: This study provided the basic pattern and value of the CTT test in Korean children with chronic constipation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

Important physicochemical properties of captafol [N-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-ethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide], water solubility, vapor pressure, hydrolysis and octanol/water partition coefficient(Kow) were measured based on the standard EPA and OECD methods. Water solubility of the chemical was 2.24 ppm at $25^{\circ}C$. Half-life by hydrolysis at $25^{\circ}C$ in the buffer solution of pH 3.0, pH 7.0, and pH 8.0 was 77.8 hr, 6.54 hr and 0.72 hr, respectively, demonstrating instability in alkaline solution. The half-life in acid condition was not significantly different by temperature change, however, that in neutral or alkaline solution became shorter at $40^{\circ}C$. Hydrolysis study with a reference compound, diazinon, proved that the experimental method of the present study is reliable. Vapor pressure of captafol, $8.27{\times}10^{-9}$ torr at $20^{\circ}C$, was calculated from the equation, log P=6.94-(4401.6/T) plotted on the experiment results under different temperature conditions, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$. pressure of captafol, the contamination of captafol would not happen easily in environment by vaporization. High Kow value of 1,523 was observed and this might result in bioconcentration through food chain when captafol was exposed. However, affecting human health through aquatic bioaccumulation is not likely to occur due to its rapid hydrolysis in the environment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2015

This study is a descriptive research conducted to provide basic resources for the production course and programs by identifying knowledge and attitudes toward dementia of nursing students and social welfare students. The participants were 451 students of nursing science and social welfare in four-year university at J-do. Data were collected from October 1, 2012 to October 20, 2012, by using structured questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 program. The participants showed relatively high level of knowledge. Nursing students($16.42{\pm}1.77point$, range 0~20) showed higher level of knowledge than social welfare students($16.02{\pm}2.3029point$, range 0~20)(p=.015). Both students showed relatively positive attitudes(nursing $40.48{\pm}4.29point$, social welfare $40.54{\pm}4.6229point$, range 10~50). The higher the participants' knowledge and interests in dementia, attitudes toward dementia were more positive. Based on the result, it is required to develop various education program and research to promote knowledge and attitudes toward dementia.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.164-177
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• 2018

Even though various geological attractions are distributed domestically, the geological attractions are rarely utilized as field course site. The purpose of this study is to make Seonangbawi area as the field course site after geological investigations are carried out in detail. Seonangbawi is located about 1km southeast from Songjiho beach in Gangwon-do. Seonangbawi area is simply composed of Cretaceous Seokcho granite with the overlay of Quaternary alluvium. Geological field course in the Seonangbawi area will be useful to the student and citizen for developing the knowledge of geological phenomena, such as the formation of granite and minerals, and weathering process. In addition, the student and citizen can develop the knowledge of the geological structures, such as joint (N50E/80NW, N40W/84SW), fault (N42W/83SW), foliation (N32E/54SE), and dyke (N35E/40SE, N26W/63SW), and geographical features, such as tor, taforni, groove, and gnamma in the field. Accordingly, the Seonangbawi area is the best place to learn various geological and geographical phenomena and to discuss the origin of Seonangbawi with limited space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1438-1446
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• 2011

Palmitoyl-oleoyl-oleoyl (POO) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-palmitoyl triacylglycerol rich fraction (PSL) was obtained from the acetone fractionation of palm stearin. The fatty acid composition (total and positional), tri-acylglycerol species, and solid fat index (SFI) were compared among the blends of natural vegetable fats (sal fat, illipe fat, kokum fat, shea stearin fat, and shea butter) and PSL with different ratios (50:50, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30). In total fatty acid composition of PSL, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids, whereas in natural vegetable fats stearic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids. Moreover, oleic acid was a major fatty acid at sn-2 position in sal fat, illipe fat, and kokum fat. The TAG species was analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC, from which the PN value ranged from 46 to 54. When natural vegetable fats and PSL were blended with different ratios, decreasing the amount of PSL resulted in increasing SFI in most cases. Among blends, the SFI of sal fat and PSL were most similar to commercial cocoa butter equivalent (CBE).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.356-365
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the degree and correlation among clinical nurses' interpersonal problems, emotional labor and professional self-concept and to examine the effects of interpersonal problems and emotional labor on professional self-concept. Data were collected through a self reported structured questionnaire of 150 clinical nurses using convenient sampling methods from August 2, 2016 to August 30, 2016. The mean score of interpersonal problems was 2.57 and the score of moving toward people was the highest. The mean score of emotional labor was 3.50 and the score of emotional expression frequency was highest. The mean score of professional self-concept was 2.54 and the score of communication was highest. Interpersonal problems were positively correlated with emotional labor(r=0.392, p<0.001), while professional self-concept was negatively correlated with interpersonal problems(r=-0.452, p<0.001) and emotional labor(r=-0.376, p<0.001). Stepwise regression showed that interpersonal problems had the greatest effect on professional self-concept(${\beta}=-0.377$, p<0.001), followed by $Age(yr){\geq}40$, Age(yr)>$30{\leq}40$, education level and emotional labor. These variables together explained 44% of the professional self-concept among clinical nurses(F=24.38, p<0.001). In conclusion, strategies for reducing interpersonal problems and emotional labor should be developed to improve professional self-concept of clinical nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.225-235
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among clinical nurses' emotional labor, health promoting behaviors and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), as well as to clarify factors that affect nurses' PMS. This was a descriptive study of 195 clinical nurses working in one university hospital and two general hospitals in the C region. Data collection was conducted from Jul 3 until Jul 21, 2017. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for analysis. The mean score of emotional labor was $3.35{\pm}0.63$ out of 5, that of health promoting behavior was $2.08{\pm}0.40$ out of 4 and that of PMS was $2.94{\pm}1.09$ out of 6. Premenstrual syndrome was significantly positively correlated with emotional labor (r=0.292, p<0.001) and interpersonal relationships in health promotion behavior (r=0.208, p=0.004). Factors influencing PMS were interpersonal relationships (${\beta}=0.54$, p=0.001), emotional labor (${\beta}=0.40$, p=0.001) and degree of menstrual pain (${\beta}=0.14$, p<0.001), which explained 30.0% of PMS (F=9.33, p <0.001). The results of this study suggest that intervention strategies may be necessary to decrease PMS by reducing menstrual pain, emotional labor and interpersonal relationship stress.