• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2006

The fibroblast in the periodontal ligaments received various stress. Among them, compression and tension are quite important and they are related to the remodeling of tooth and alveolar bone. We studied the change of expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In results, the relative activity of IL-6 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.54${\pm}$0.08 and 1.00${\pm}$0.05 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 2.78${\pm}$0.14 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The relative activity of IL-8 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.00${\pm}$0.05 and 0.24${\pm}$0.01 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 0.63${\pm}$0.03 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of IL-6 was 1.02${\pm}$0.16 ng/ml, 0.90${\pm}$0.14 ng/ml, and 1.32${\pm}$0.12 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. The concentration of IL-8 was 2.26${\pm}$0.17 ng/ml, 1.70${\pm}$0.26 ng/ml (P<0.05), and 0.84${\pm}$0.47 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased after the application of the static compressive force, but IL-8 was significantly decreased. Considering their known function, their expression is quite important in tooth and bone resorption.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.796-803
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• 2008

일시에 대량 수확되는 양파의 소비를 촉진시키고자 숙성온도를 달리하여 양파장아찌를 제조하고 이화학적 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 담금액의 당도는 숙성 37일에 $16.0%{\sim}16.7%$로, 양파장아찌육의 당도는 대략 15.0%정도 이었다. 담금액의 염도는 숙성 37일에는 $3.30%{\sim}3.37%$이였다. 담금액의 pH는 숙성 37일까지 $3.84{\sim}4.05$로, 양파장아찌육의 pH는 숙성 37일까지 $3.93{\sim}4.31$이었다. 담금액의 색도는 적색도의 경우 숙성 37일에 $1.73{\sim}2.20$으로 감소하였다. 황색도의 경우 숙성 최종일에 $0.03{\sim}0.54$이였다. 양파장아찌육의 표면색도 값은 백색도의 경우 숙성 최종일까지 $22.13{\sim}43.75$이였다. 적색도의 경우 실험군 중 $10^{\circ}C$의 경우 숙성기간 최종일에 5.478로 가장 낮은 값을, 황색도의 경우 $0^{\circ}C$의 경우숙성기간 11일째에 6.31이였다. 담금액의 산도는 숙성 최종일까지 $0.014%{\sim}0.023%$로, 양파장아찌육의 산도는 숙성 최종일까지 $0.045%{\sim}0.023%$이였다. 담금액의 탁도(%T)는 숙성 최종일까지 $0.47{\sim}0.86$으로, 양파장아찌육의 %T는 숙성 최종일까지 $2.19{\sim}2.41$이였다. 조직감의 경우는 견고성은 실험군 중 $20^{\circ}C$의 경우 984.50이였다. 부숴짐성은 숙성기간 14일째에 $20^{\circ}C$에서 929.94로 가장 높은 값을, 접착성은 실험군은 숙성기간 9일째에 $10^{\circ}C$에서 675.64로 가장 높은 값을, 탄력성은 숙성기간 9일째부터 숙성기간 16일째까지는 대조군과 실험군에서 감소하였다. 씹힘성은 대조군은 숙성최종일에는 -1518.21이였다. 관능검사 결과는 양파장아찌의 외관적인 색의 경우 $10^{\circ}C$ 실험군이 2.83으로, 향은 $20^{\circ}C$ 실험군이 2.83으로, 맛은 $0^{\circ}C$ 실험군 3.07로 가장 높은 점수를, 아삭거리는 정도는 $10^{\circ}C$ 실험군이 3.57로 높은 점수를, 전체적인 기호도는 대체적으로 3.7정도의 관능적 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled(Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in $STATA^{(R)}$. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by $x^2$ test in $STATA^{(R)}$. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine transformation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-142
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• 1998

The purpose of this article is to provide a method of losing weight and early managing risky factors of geriatric diseases by having male and female obese middle school students' participate in behavioral modification and aerobic exercise, foster their own desirable behavioral habit and confidence in solving obesity and continue their living pattern all their life. In order to do this, 64, subjects over 20% obese degree obtained using the standard weight, belonging within 50% range of weight percentage per height(male:32, female:32) were grouped to 4 categories of aerobic exercise therapy, behavioral modification therapy, both therapies combinedly applied and control ones by 8 male and female students allocated to each group respectively, and they were practiced to each program for 12 weeks, and the findings between group were obtained as follows. 1. The male and female middle school students' cholesterol amount of blood fat reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between groups (F(3,56) =9.50, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program as well (F(3,168)=554.94, p=.000). The cholesterol amount per measurement period reduced most between 8 and 12 weeks. 2. The male and female middle school students' high density fat amount increased most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral therapy, its descending order of next highest rate was aerobic exercise therapy, behavioral modification therapy and control group. It indicated a statistically significant difference between the distinction of male and female sexes (F(1.56)=13.82. p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168) =55.58, p=.000). The high density fatty Quality per measurement period increased most between 8 and 12 weeks. 3. The male and female middle school students' low density fat amount reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between groups (F(3,56)=17.35, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168)=891.14, p=.000. The low density fat amount reduced most between 8 and 12 weeks. 4. The male and female middle school students' neutral fat amount reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between the distinction of sexes (F(1,56)=9.54, p=.003) and groups (F(3,56) =25.57, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168) =566.03, p=.000). The male students indicated the most reduction between 4 and 8 weeks. while the female students between 8 and 12 weeks.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2005

Tests of ventilatory function including pulmonary diffusing capacity were made in 18, the last period pregnant women and 20 non pregnant women. During the study was from May 22 to June 4, the subject of study refered 38 women (20 student and the staff of Physical Therapy at Masan college and 18 women who were examined at Masan OO obstetrics Hospital). All the studied subjects had no clinical abnormalities of the cardiorespiratory system. Mean FVC and FEV1.0 were significantly decreased in the last pregnant women compare with that of non pregnant women. All the Other Measurements were not differ from those of non pregnant women. The results of this study were as follows. l. Pregnancy was associated with decrease in mean FVC and FEVl.0, Which at the last period pregnant women were $2.70{\pm}0.58{\iota},\;2.31{\pm}0.53{\iota}$ below the non pregnant women mean $3.03{\pm}0.33,\;2.64{\pm}0.44{\iota}$ : Both changes were statistically significant.(P<0.05) 2. The mean VC, which at the last period pregnant women was $3.15{\pm}0.45{\iota}$ below the non pregnant women mean $3.28{\pm}0.33{\iota}$ and the mean IC $2.21{\pm}0.53{\iota}$ below the non pregnant women mean $2.22{\pm}0.54{\iota}$, but the difference were not statistically significant. 3. The mean ERV, IRV were not statistically significant between non pregnant women and pregnant women. 4. The mean TV were not statistically significant between non pregnant women and pregnant women. 5. The mean FEVl.0(G) were not statistically significant between non pregnant women and pregnant women.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.37-50
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• 1996

To analyze the roles by abilities between manpower through the analysis of industrial health service agency personnel, 115 industrial health service agency personnel in 19 Industrial Health Service Agency personnel scattered in Seoul and Kyungki areas have been investigated according to the questionnaires formulated in line with the Likert 5-point scale from September 1 through October 30, 1995 and the following significant result has been obtained: 1. The job abilities by fields. 1) In the field of health care, the level of medical personnel's job ability was 3.30 on average and that of industrial hygienists' was 2.54 on average, which showed that the level of medical personnel's job ability was higher. 2) In the field of health management, there was a difference between the level of medical personnel's job ability and that of industrial hygienists' only in the health education but there was not so much difference between manpower' which showed that it was 3.00 on average. 3) In the field of working environment management. the level of industrial hygienists' job ability was 4.03 on average and that of medical personnel's was 2.62, which showed that the level of industrial hygienists' job ability was higher than that of medical personnel's. 2. The job abilities by manpower. As for the job ability by manpower. on the health care the medical personnel's ability was more excellent than the industrial hygienists' and on the working environment management the latter's{industrial hygienists') ability was more excellent than the former's(the medical personnel's). However. the field that a difference between both manpower as mentioned above was not recognized was the health management. 3. As for the difference of potential factors between manpower. in Factor '1' the industrial hygienists' 80.7 points by percentage was higher than the medical personnel's 52.5 points and in Factor '2' the latter's(medical personnels's) 72.6 points by percentage was higher than the former's{industrial hygienists') 50.6 points in the level of job abilities. The above result shows that the industrial health service agency personnel can be classified into the job with a difference between manpower and that without any difference manpower. Therefore, the following issues: First: The field of health care shall be defined as the medical personnel's exclusive job. Second: The field of working environment management shall be defined as the industrial hygienists' exclusive job. Third: The field of health management shall be defined as a common job to lead the limits of time and space in the collective group occupational health management to be controlled effectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

For the measurement on the fat content if University Students, an intensive examination was conducted on a total of 3,030 students(male 2,577, female 453), from 16 to 25 years of age. The subjects were all students who had passed the written entrance examination for Seoul National University. Total Body Fat amount was measurement by skin-fold thickness with a skin-fold caliper(Manufactured by Cambridge Scientific Industrial Inc. U.S.A.) at four sites of the body, and it was calculated by Kim's and Lee's regression equation. As a result of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained; 1. Physical Measurements: i) The average of body height by anthropometric was male $167.95{\pm}4.85cm$ and female $156.03{\pm}4.56cm$. ii) The average body weight by anthropometric was male $56.42{\pm}5.65kg$ and female $51.29{\pm}5.34kg$. iii) The average of chest-girth by anthropometric was male $89.95{\pm}5.33cm$ and female $81.36{\pm}4.89cm$. iv) The average of sitting-height by anthropometric was male $91.23{\pm}4.98cm$ and female $86.18{\pm}4.15cm$. v) The average of arm circumference by anthropometric was male $23.76{\pm}2.17cm$ and female $22.39{\pm}1.79cm$. In all cases the male measurements were higher than the female. 2. The mean skin-fold thickness measured with a large skin-fold caliper was; At the sub-scapular: male $11.54{\pm}4.84mm$ and female $14.07{\pm}4.49mm$, Abdominal: male $10.36{\pm}7.09mm$ and female $14.95{\pm}5.47mm$, Lumbar; male $12.55{\pm}6.44mm$ and female $17.02{\pm}6.57mm$, Upper arm: male $6.28{\pm}3.71mm$ and female $11.62{\pm}3.99mm$, Total average: male $10.18{\pm}5.52mm$ and female $14.41{\pm}5.13mm$, in all cases the female measurements were higher than the male. 3. Data on body fat amounts according to body fat weight regression equation were: in male: Fat weight=10.56kg, Fat free weight=45.86kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=18.71%, (Body fat amount %), Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=23.02%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=81.29%. in female: Fat weight=12.23kg, Fat free weight=39.06kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=23.85%, Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=31.31%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=76.15%. The females value was higher than the males.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2008

목적: 소아 간질 환자에서 장기적인 신장의 변화 및 그에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 1996년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 부산대학병원 소아과에서 처음으로 간질 진단을 받은 577명 중 최소 3년 이상 항경련제를 복용한 148명(남아 82명, 여아 66명)을 대상으로 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 항경련제 복용 시작부터 매년 신장 측정을 하였고 성별, 경련의 형태, 간질의 원인, 항경련제 복용 전 경련 횟수, 경련 조절, 단일 및 복합약물요법, 항경련제 복용 전 신장, 복용시작 나이, 복용 기간과 같은 인자들에 따라 복용 전과 최종 방문시의 신장의 변화를 SDS를 구하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아의 항경련제 복용 시작 시 평균 연령은 6.69세였고, 평균 복용 기간은 5.76년이었다. 항경련제 복용 전의 평균 신장 SDS는 -0.059였고 복용 후에는 0.101이었다(P=0.09). 복용 전 경련 횟수가 1개월에 1회 미만인 군(P=0.09), 단일 약물군(P=0.06)에서는 신장 SDS가 증가하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 또 복용 후에 경련 조절이 잘 되었던 군(P=0.04), 복용 전의 신장 SDS가 (-)인 군(P=0.001)과 복용 기간이 6년 미만인 군(P=0.02)에서는 신장의 SDS가 유의한 증가를 보였다. 그 외의 군에서는 항경련제 복용 전과 복용 후 평균 신장 SDS에 유의한 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 결론:정상 경구 식이를 하는 소아 간질 환자에서 항경련제 투여 후 신장 성장은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하지 않았다. 하지만 경련 조절이 잘 되는 군과 항경련제 치료 기간이 짧았던 군에서 신장 성장이 유의하게 증가하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1996

This study was designed to survey exposure levels of formaldehyde among workplaces in some plywood industries and to compare three sampling methods including the impinger method(IM, NIOSH method No. 3500), the solid sorbent tube method(SS, NIOSH method No. 2541), and the passive bubbler monitor method(PB, SKC). The survey was conducted in seven particle board manufacturing factories, two resin manufacturing factories and two plywood manufacturing factories in Incheon area during the period from March 6 to April 20, 1995. The workplaces included were the hot/cold press, the roller/spreader, the soaking/drying, and the reaction/mixing areas. The results were as follows; 1. The average(GM, GSD) concentrations of formaldehyde by sampling methods were 0.11(4.43) ppm by IM, 0.27(2.03) ppm by SS, and 0.29(2.04) ppm by PB, respectively. The concentrations by 1M method were statistically very significantly lower than those of SS and PB methods, particularly at low air borne concentrations of formaldehyde (p<0.001). 2. The area average concentrations of formaldehyde by workplaces measured with PB bubblers were 0.23(2.08) ppm from the press, 0.23(1.77) ppm from the spreader, 0.24(1.51) ppm from the soaking, and 0.46(1.96) ppm from the reaction areas, respectively. The personal average concentrations of formaldehyde by workplaces measured with PB bubblers were 0.30(1.77) ppm from the press, 0.33(1.54) ppm from the spreader, 0.36(1.46) ppm from the soaking, and 0.84(1.19) ppm from the reaction areas, respectively. 3. No statistically significant differences of formaldehyde concentrations among workplaces except the reaction area(p<0.001) were found. 4. Formaldehyde concentrations from personal samples were higher than those of from area sam pies in all workplaces studied. But no statistically significant differences of formaldehyde concentrations both area and personal samples were found. In conclusion, this study found that although formaldehyde concentrations in some plywood industries in Incheon area were below the regulatory limit of 1 ppm, they were over the limits recommended by NIOSH and ACGIH. This study also suggests that the impinger method may underestimate true formaldehyde concentrations. It implies that there will be more workplaces not meeting current regulatory limit if either the solid sorbent or passive bubbler methods were used instead of the impinger method. It is suggested that passive monitors will be a reasonable alternative for area and personal sampling of formaldehyde if the accuracy and validity of passive monitors be verified before use.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.463-466
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• 2006

직접 알콜 연료전지는 액체인 알콜을 직접 연료전지에 공급하여 연소시킴으로써 높은 효율을 갖는 휴대용전원으로 주목받는 장치이다. 직접 알콜 연료전지에 담지체로 사용되는 탄소 소재는 넓은 표면적과 우수한 전기전도도를 가지고 있다는 장점 있으나 금속 촉매와의 상호작용이 약하여 촉매 활성에 영향을 주지 못한다. 산화물을 담지체로 사용할 경우 이러한 금속-담지체 간의 상호작용으로 인한 촉매활성 증가 및 입자성장 억제의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 안티몬 도핑된 주석산화물 (Sb-doped SnO2 : ATO nanoparticle)을 직접 메탄올 연료전지용 담지체어 적용하였으며 합성 과정은 다음과 같다. SnC14 5H2O SbC13, NaOH, HCl 수용액 혼합물을 삼구 플라스크에 넣고 $100^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 환류(reflux) 시킨 후 세척 및 건조하여 Air 분위기에서 열처리하였다. 합성된 산화물 수용액에 폴리올 방법으로 합성된 백금 콜로이드를 담지하였으며, 세척과 건조를 통하여 산화물에 담지된 백금 촉매를 촉매를 합성하였다. 촉매의 구조분석을 위해 XRD, TEM을 사용하였으며, 전극촉매로서의 활성을 평가하기 위해 cyclic voltammetry을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 백금의 담지량에 따른 Costripping voltammetry특성과 메탄올 및 에탄올 산화 반응 특성에 대하여, 탄소를 담지체로 사용한 Pt/C 촉매와 비교 평가하였다. 알콜 산화반응 평가결과, 주석산화물에 담지한 촉매가 탄소를 담지체로 사용한 촉매보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었으며 활성증가는 메탄올에 비해 에탄올 산화 반응의 경우 크게 증가하였다. 막과 비교해 보았다. $ZrO_2$ 입자는 전도성이며 동시에 친수성을 나타내기 때문에 상용 막에 비하여 함수율 및 수소이온 전도도가 우수하게 나타났다. 복합막의 이러한 물성은 $100^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서 전해질 막 내의 물 관리를 용이하게 한다. 단위 전지 운전 온도 $130^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 37%의 운전 조건에서도 상당히 우수한 전지 성능을 보임에 따라 고온/저가습 조건에서 상용 Nafion 112 막보다 우수한 막 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다.소/배후방사능비는 각각 $2.18{\pm}0.03,\;2.56{\pm}0.11,\;3.08{\pm}0.18,\;3.77{\pm}0.17,\;4.70{\pm}0.45$ 그리고 $5.59{\pm}0.40$이었고, $^{67}Ga$-citrate의 경우 2시간, 24시간, 48시간에 $3.06{\pm}0.84,\;4.12{\pm}0.54\;4.55{\pm}0.74 $이었다. 결론 : Transferrin에 $^{99m}Tc$을 이용한 방사성표지가 성공적으로 이루어졌고, $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 표지효율은 8시간까지 95% 이상의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$<