• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2000

Background : This study was designed to assess the effects of information on the satisfaction of parents and families whose children underwent elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room. Methods : We measured parent and family satisfaction with information given before and after offering informational interventions. The data were collected from 510 patients parents and families whose children had undergone elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul. South Korea. The data collection ran from May 3. 1999 to May 30. 1999 and from September 6, 1999 to September 30, 1999. The research instrument consisted of four categories (pre-operative period, intra-operative period, post-operative period, others) and 24 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results : The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Before surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of the necessary preparation for the surgery (6.0%), the time the patient would enter the operating room (20.6%), the operative procedure (2.0%), and the use of the waiting room (10.0%). 2. During the operation, the satisfaction with the situation board (15.1%), public announcements in the waiting room (8.4%), and the answering of the families questions (12.2%) was increased. however, the satisfaction with the surgeons explanations of the surgical outcomes decreased by 8.3%, even though the frequency of these explanations increased by 5%. 3. After surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of patient's status of recovery(10.3%) the time the patient would be moved from the recovery room (17.6%), how the patient would be transferred to the ward (19.2%), and post-operative care (6.3%). Conclusion : Based upon the above findings, we concluded that pre-, intra-, and post-operative informational interventions were effective in increasing the satisfaction of the parents and families of children undergoing elective surgery.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.81-93
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to propose a specific and empirical continuous transaction strategy through service quality of improvement to small and medium Korean companies whose main business is B2B distribution and sale of general-purpose SW. Research design, data, and methodology - The research procedure is largely divided into two phases. In the first phase, the service quality, the customer satisfaction, and the continuous transaction research hypothesis and the verification are carried out. Experimental data were collected from 450 companies, CEO companies of SMEs innovation institutes, and 510 companies from medium and large enterprises. From September 15 to October 5, 2015, 215 questionnaires were used. And research hypothesis and test were conducted by SPSS SW Ver. 20. Results - The results of the study confirm that service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and continuous transaction: as the detailed items for improving the service quality, 'responsiveness', 'assurance' and 'empathy' have been adopted. Therefore, there are critical factors of a company's survival through continuous transaction. Conclusions - Through this study, we confirmed that the survival of small businesses require continuous improvement in service quality. Among the factors improving service quality, empathy means service satisfaction of customers; so, it is necessary to continuously improve it by evaluating customer satisfaction. Responsiveness means rapid response to customer needs and reliability; it is necessary to enhance customer responsiveness by continuous job training and service training. Finally, assurance is the same as sales product or after service. This means that it is necessary to not only issue the "supply contract," but also improve the reliability of the sales product by securing the competence of the consulting professional. However, because the service quality measurement factors selected in this study are the measurement factors that are mainly applied to large companies or those in the service industries, it is important to consider the type of sales of software distribution companies.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.501-510
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• 2005

To facilitate interaction between home robot and humans, it's urgently needed to make in-depth research in Human-Robot Interaction(HRI). The purpose of this study was to examine how children interacted with a newly developed home robot named 'iRobi' in a bid to identify how the home robot affected their psychology and the effectiveness of learning through the home robot. Concerning the psychological effects of the home robot, the children became familiar with the robot, and found it possible to interact with it, and their initial anxiety was removed. As to its learning effect, the group that studied by using the home robot outperformed the others utilizing the other types of learning media (books, WBI)in attention, learning interest and academic achievement. Accordingly, home robot could serve as one of successful vehicles to expedite the psychological and educational interaction of children.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.498-510
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• 2002

This study has the following two focuses to analyze the changes in national-level locational pattern of the U.S. professional sports franchises during 1950-2001. The first is to empirically clarify spatial orientation in the changing locational pattern of sports franchises. The second is to identify compared characteristics of the relocation cases reflecting the orientation to other cases, for the variables indicative of franchises' and leagues' pursuits of their relocation-related interests ultimately affecting franchises' relocations, by employing a legit model. As a result of the analyses, sports franchises and leagues, respectively have shown spatial orientation toward relocating to and toward locating new franchises in southern and western areas, responding to the changes in U.S. urbanization pattern. And, relocation cases reflecting the orientation have displayed a feature of the higher annual population growth rate in destination urban area than in origin area, in comparison to other cases.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.510-522
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• 2017

To better understand the morphological variation for Perilla crop in different areas of China, we studied the morphological variation in 87 accessions (84 cultivated var. frutescens and three cultivated var. crispa) from high latitude (Northeast China) and middle latitude (North and Northwest China) areas of China by examining seven quantitative and 10 qualitative characters. Analysis of the morphological variation determined that there was significant morphological differences in five quantitative traits between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa, including effective number of branches (QN2), number of internodes (QN3), number of branches (QN4), length of the largest inflorescence (QN5), and days from germination to flowering (QN7). However, two quantitative traits-plant height and number of florets of the largest inflorescence-did not show any significant differences between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa. In addition, significant differences for six quantitative traits were found between the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens originating from high and middle latitude areas in China, which included QN2, QN3, QN5, number of florets of the largest inflorescence (QN6), and QN7. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified five quantitative characters [plant height (QN1), QN2, QN3, QN4, QN7] and six qualitative characters [fragrance of plant (QL1), color of reverse side of leaf (QL3), degree of pubescence (QL5), color of flower (QL6), shape of leaf (QL7), and hardness of seed (QL10)] that contributed to the positive direction on the first axis. The other quantitative and qualitative characters contributed to the negative direction on the first axis. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa were clearly separated by the first axis. In addition, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens are from high latitude and middle latitude areas that were clearly separated by the first axis, except for several accessions. The findings from this study will provide useful information towards understanding the morphological variation of Perilla crop according to geographical distribution in high and middle latitude regions of China.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 1992

HWE(Hot-Wall Epitaxy) 방법에 의하여 pyrex 유리기판 위에 CdS 다결정 박막을 성장하였다. X-선 회절실험 결과 CdS 박막은 육방정이었는데 (0002)면보다 91013)면이 강 하게 성장됨을 알 수 있었다. 전자현미경으로 표면을 분석한 결과 입자의 크기는 기판의 온 도가 48$0^{\circ}C$, 증발원의 온도가 $610^{\circ}C$일 때 1~1.5$mu extrm{m}$로서 가장 컸다. 박막의 표면저항은 4-point probe로서 측정한 결과 10-8$\Omega$/\ulcorner이상이었다. 성장된 CdS 다결정 박막의 photoluminesence을 20K에서 측정하였는데 bound exciton, donor acceptor pair에 의한 발광이 관측되었다. Spectral response의 peak는 505nm이었다. CdS 다결정 박막의 표면 저항을 줄이기 위하여 여러 가지 온도에서 Indium을 확산시켰다. 그 결과 표면저항은 ~ $\times$ 101에서 ~ $\times$ 103$\Omega$/\ulcorner 정도 감소되었다. 50$0^{\circ}C$에 In을 1시간 확산시켰을 때 표면저항은 1300$\Omega$/\ulcorner이었다. 이 때 CdS : In의 운반자 농도는 1.2 $\times$ 1018cm-3, 이동도는 1.8cm-2/V-sec, 비저항은 1.3 $\times$ 10-2$\Omega$-cm이었다. CdS : In의 photoluminescence는 20K 에서 Gaussian curve를 보여 주었으며 peak의 위치는 510nm이었다. CdS : In 박막의 spectral response의 peak는 상온에서 500nm이다. CdS : In 광전도 cell의 sensitivity ${\gamma}$ =0.77이고, 최대 허용소비전력은 p=120mW, 100lux에서 rise time은 8 msec, decay time 은 6 msec이다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2010

This paper analyzes optimal watershed management focusing on reservoir-level sediment removal techniques. Although dams and reservoirs provide several benefits, sedimentation may reduce their storage capacity. As of today, the Aswan High Dam (AHD) in Egypt faces approximately 76% reduced life of the reservoir. Since the AHD is the major fresh water source in Egypt, sustainable use of this resource is extremely important. A model is developed to simultaneously determine optimal sediment removal strategies for upstream soil conservation efforts and reservoir-level sediment control. Two sediment removal techniques are considered: mechanical dredging and hydro-suction sediment removal system (HSRS). Moreover, different levels of upstream soil conservation efforts have introduced to control soil erosion, which is a major contributor of reservoir storage capacity reduction. We compare a baseline case, which implies no management alternative, to non-cooperative and social planners' solution. Our empirical results indicate that the socially optimal sediment removal technique is a mechanical dredging with unconstrained amount with providing a sustainable life of the reservoir. From the empirical results, we find that social welfare can be as high as $151.01 billion, and is sensitive to interest rates and agricultural soil loss.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2014

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a major indicator for monitoring climate change and detecting vegetation coverage. In order to retrieve NDVI, it is preprocessed using cloud masking and atmospheric correction. However, the preprocessed NDVI still has abnormally low values known as noise which appears in the long-term time series due to rainfall, snow and incomplete cloud masking. An existing method of using polynomial regression has some problems such as overestimation and noise detectability. Thereby, this study suggests a simple method using amoving average approach for correcting NDVI noises using SPOT/VEGETATION S10 Product. The results of the moving average method were compared with those of the polynomial regression. The results showed that the moving average method is better than the former approach in correcting NDVI noise.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.501-510
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• 2011

In this study, water pollution sources of 14 major tributaries of Han river and characteristics of water quality for each target streams were evaluated based on water quality data in 2007.1-2009.12 (14 data sets) using a statistical package, SPSS-17.0. Cluster analysis over time and space for each stream resulted in 4 groups for the spatial variations in which type and density of pollution sources in the basins showed the greatest impact on grouping. Moreover, cluster analysis for the time variation in which rainfall, temperature and eutrophication were shown to contribute to the clustering, produced 2 groups, from summer to fall (July-Oct.) and from winter to early summer (Nov.-June). Four factors were found as responsible for the data structure explaining 71-90% of the total variance of the data set depending on the streams and they were organic matter, nutrients, bacterial contamination. Factor analysis showed main factors (water pollutants) changed according to the season with different pattern for each stream. This study demonstrated that water quality of each stream could produce useful outcomes when factor and pollution source of basin were evaluated together.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.505-510
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• 2015

This study investigated formation potential of 16 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (e.g., g trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, chloral hydrate, etc.) upon chlorination of raw water at various pH, water temperatures, and chlorine doses. We also compared the DBP formation potential (DBPFP) of raw and filtered waters. Most of DBPs were formed higher at neutral pH, but dichloroacetic acid, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane were formed higher over pH 7. As water temperature increased, concentrations of chloral hydrate, haloacetic acids, and haloacetonitriles linearly increased while that of trihalomethanes exponentially increased. Formation of chloral hydrate, trihalomethanes, and trihaloacetonitriles significantly increased up to 2.0 mg/L $Cl_2$ of chlorine addition, then gradually increased at 2.0~5.6 mg/L $Cl_2$. Filtered water formed less DBPs than raw water in most DBPs except for trihalomethanes.