• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to prepare biodegradable microspheres without the use of surfactants or emulsifiers for a novel sustained delivery carriers of protein drugs. A poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene glycol)/poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (CEC) triblock copolymer was synthesized by the ring-opening of $\varepsilon$-caprolactone with dihydroxy poly (ethylene glycol) to prepare surfactant-free microspheres. When dichloromethane (DCM) or ethyl formate (EF) was used as a solvent, the formation of microspheres did not occur. Although the microspheres could be formed prior to lyophilization under certain conditions, the morphology of microspheres was not maintained during the filtration and lyophilization process. Surfactant-free microspheres were only formed when ethyl acetate (EA) was used as the organic solvent and showed good spherical micro-spheres although the surfaces appeared irregular. The content of the protein in the micro-sphere was lower than expected, probably because of the presence of water channels and pores. The protein release kinetics showed a burst release until 2 days and after that sustained release pattern was showed. Therefore, these observations indicated that the formation of microsphere without the use of surfactant is feasible, and, this the improved process, the protein is readily incorporated in the microsphere.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

As the risk of the various external risk was increased, a study on the integrity assessment of the nuclear transport cask was needed. In this paper, an integrity assessment of the nuclear transport cask under the ballistic impact was studied. The projectile with L/D = 5 was used in simulation. The applied head shapes of the projectile were five types such as flat shape, conical shape, hemispherical shape, truncated conical and sliced flat shape, respectively. The range on the velocity of the projectile was 85 m/s to 680 m/s. The cask body of the nuclear transport cask was not penetrated by the projectile speed up to Vprojectile = 510 m/s. As the cask body was penetrated by the all types projectile with Vprojectile = 680 m/s and the cask lead in the nuclear transport cask was collided with the projectile. As the projectile moved to 31.3 mm in the cask lead, the cask lead was not penetrated by the projectile with Vprojectile = 680 m/s. The integrity assessment on the nuclear transport cask under ballistic impact up to Vprojectile = 680 m/s was obtained.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.510-513
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• 2003

Our Zn diffusion into n-type $GaAs_{0.40}P_{0.60}$ used ampoule-tube method to increase IV. N-type epitaxial wafers were preferred by $H_2SO_4$-based pre-treatment. $SiO_2$ thin film was deposited by PECVD for some wafers. Diffusion times and diffusion temperatures respectability are 1, 2, 3 hr and 775, $805^{\circ}C$. LED chips were fabricated by the diffused wafers at Fab. The peak wavelength of all chips showed about $625{\sim}650\;nm$ and red color. The highest IV is about 270 mcd at the diffusion condition of $775^{\circ}C$, 3h for the wafers which didn't deposit $SiO_2$ thin films. Also, the longer diffusion time is the higher IV for the wafers which deposit $SiO_2$ thin films.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2017

This paper describes an investigation on the effect of using three different filler metals on fatigue behavior of mechanical structures welded. The welding is carried out on the steel A510AP used for the manufacture of gas cisterns and pipes. The welding process used is manual welding with coated electrodes and automatic arc welding. Compact tension CT50 specimen has been used. The three zones of welded joint; filler metal FM, heat affected zone HAZ and base metal BM have been investigated. The results show that the crack growth rate CGR is decreasing respectively in BM, FM and HAZ; however, this variation decreases when stress intensity factor SIF increases. For low values of SIF, the CGR is inferior in the over-matched filler metal of which the value of mismatch M is near unity, but for high values of M the CGR is superior, and the effect of the over-matching on CGR becomes negative. No deviation of the crack growth path has been noticed.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

In this paper, we have reported an enhancement in thermoelectric properties of un-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on silicon (001) substrate by annealing treatment. The grown ZnO thin films were annealed in oxygen environment at $500^{\circ}C-800^{\circ}C$, keeping a step of $100^{\circ}C$ for one hour. Room temperature Seekbeck measurements showed that Seebeck coefficient and power factor increased from 222 to $510{\mu}V/K$ and $8.8{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.6{\times}10^{-4}Wm^{-1}K^{-2}$ as annealing temperature increased from 500 to $800^{\circ}C$ respectively. This observation was related with the improvement of crystal structure of grown films with annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that full width half maximum (FWHM) of ZnO (002) plane decreased and crystalline size increased as the annealing temperature increased. Photoluminescence study revealed that the intensity of band edge emission increased and defect emission decreased as annealing temperature increased because the density of oxygen vacancy related donor defects decreased with annealing temperature. This argument was further justified by the Hall measurements which showed a decreasing trend of carrier concentration with annealing temperature.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1991

요로조영술, 방광경검사, 직장내시경검사 등 자궁경부암에 있어서 병기결정을 위해 필요한 검사의 효용성을 평가하기 위하여 1979년 3월부터 1986년 12월까지 방사선 치료를 받은 510명의 자궁경부암환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 요로조영술 및 방광경검사상 각각 $10.7\%$(49/456), $5.3\%$(24/452)가 이상소견을 보였으나 직장내시경검사에서는 $0.7\%$(3/413)만이 이상소견을 보였다. FIGO 병기결정에 필수적인 이러한 검사 결과로 26명의 환자 ($5.1\%$)가 골반내진 소견만으로 얻어진 병기보다 FIGO 병기가 상승하게 되었다. 각 병기의 환자에서 병기상승의 비율은 IB및 IIA병기에서는 $0\%$ (0/124), IIB 병기에서는 14명의 환자가 FIGO IIIB 병기로 또한 6명의 환자가 FIGO IVA 병기로 상승하여 $7.9\%$(20/252)로 나타났으며, IIIA 병기에서는 $0\%$(0/8), IIIB 병기에서는 6명이 FIGO IVA병기로 상승하여 $4.8\%$(6/126)로 나타났다. 병기결정을 위한 검사상 양성소견은 IIB 병기 이상의 진행된 병기에서만 나타났으며 초기에서는 나타나지 않았다. 보조적 검사로 337명이 전산화단층촬영을 시행받았으며 전산화단층촬영상 골반 임파절비대 소견이 $25.2\%$(85/337), 대동맥 임파절비대 소견이 $7.4\%$(25/337)에서 관찰되었다. 골반 임파절비대 소견의 빈도는 병기의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 대동맥 임파절비대 소견은 이러한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 자궁방결합 조직의 침윤소견에 있어서 전산화단층촬영 소견과 골반내진 소견은 $65.6\%$(442/674)에서 일치하였다. 또한 주위장기 침범소견에 있어서 전산화단층촬영은 내시경 검사를 기준으로 비교할 경우 음성예측치에 비하여 상당히 낮은 양성예측치를 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 병기결정을 위한 검사의 선택은 각 환자의 이학적 소견상의 진행정도를 고려하여 시행되어야 하며 그렇게 할 경우 적절한 FIGO 병기가 결정되면서 그 효용성을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 1999

Dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with green tea colorants were studied by investigating the effects of dyeing conditions such as colorants concentration. pH dyeing temperature and time on dye uptakes effects of mordats on dye uptakes and color change and effects of cationizing agent on dye uptakes. And various colorfastnesses of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use. Green tea colorants showed low affinity to cotton and produced yellowish red color. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was obtained thus it is considered that hydrogen bondings are formed between colorants and cotton. Dye uptake was maximum at pH 5 and decreased as pH increased. Mordants especially Cu and Sn were effective for increasing dye uptake. Dye uptakes were improved remarkably by cationizing. Cationized cotton showed Langumuir adsorption isotherm indicating that ionic bondings were formed between colorants and cationized cotton. While mordanting did not affect lightfastness cationizing affected adversely. Colorfastness of cationized sample was generally inferior to that of mordanted samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2012

Cobalt oxide nanostructure materials have been prepared by adding several concentrations of spectator Ni ions in solution, and analyzed by electron microscopy, X-day diffraction, calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, UV-vis absorption, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electron microscopy results show that the morphology of the nanostructures is dramatically altered by changing the concentration of spectator ions. The bulk XRD patterns of $350^{\circ}C$-annealed samples indicate that the structure of the cobalt oxide is all of cubic Fd-3m $Co_3O_4$, and show that the major XRD peaks shift slightly with the concentration of Ni ions. In Raman spectroscopy, we can confirm the XRD data through a more obvious change in peak position, broadness, and intensity. For the un-sputtered samples in the XPS measurement process, the XPS peaks of Co 2p and O 1s for the samples prepared without Ni ions exhibit higher binding energies than those for the sample prepared with Ni ions. Upon $Ar^+$ ion sputtering, we found $Co_3O_4$ reduces to CoO, on the basis of XPS data. Our study could be further applied to controlling morphology and surface oxidation state.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.567-570
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• 1992

Variance components were estimated for calf daily gain from birth to 45 days of age in small (S), medium (M) and large (L) lines of beef cattle. Analyses involved records collected on 682 (S), 510 (M) and 228 (L) calves in Iowa, USA from 1978 to 1986. Cytoplasmic lines were determined based on the foundation female in the maternal lineage of each animal. Data were analyzed separately by size line using a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedure under an animal model including additive direct (a), additive maternal (m), cytoplasmic lineage effects and covariance (a, m). The heritabilities for direct and maternal, and the cytoplasmic effects, were 0.13, 0.35 and 0.00 for S, 0.14, 0.32 and 0.00 for M, and 0.05, 0.33 and 0.03 for L. Genetic correlations (a, m) for S, M and L were -0.33, -0.57 and -1.00, respectively. The maternal genetic effect was the most important for calf growth between birth and 45 dyas of age and cytoplasmic variances were not important in any line.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2007

This study examined the intake patterns and information-seeking behaviors of elderly individuals with regard to health foods, according to sociodemograhic characteristics, awareness of health, and concerns and awareness about health foods. The data were collected from 421 elderly living in Seoul, Busan, Daegue, Daejon, and Gwangju, between January 17th and February 23rd, 2006. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS Windows. The results are as follows: The respondents were highly concerned about their own health as well as health foods, and individuals primarily took nutritional supplements and glucosamine containing products. In addition, they had taken various health-improving foods. Most had intentionally consumed at least one health food, in order to maintain a condition of health. According to chi-square tests, women were more likely to consume health foods than men. The most important sources of information regarding health foods were family, relatives, and friends. Some respondents answered they had difficulties in obtaining and understanding health food-related information. Many respondents desired to get health food information regarding efficacy from TV, radio, and newspapers, as well as doctors, pharmacists, and dieticians.