• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.647-656
• /
• 2011

In radioactive waste repositories constructed in underground, concrete member could be in contact with groundwater for a long time. However, this pure water creates concentration gradients which lead to the diffusion of Ca ions from the pore water and the degradation of underground concrete. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the alteration of pore structure and loss of compressive strength associated with dissolution. The results showed that as the leaching period became longer, the pore volume within 50 nm to 500 nm in diameter is greatly increased. Also, the volume of pores larger than 200 nm rapidly increased during initial leaching time and those below 200 nm gradually increased. Furthermore, the compressive strength gradually decreased with increase of degraded thickness. The residual strength of the degraded concrete with OPC was in the range of 33% to 58%.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 2013

In this study, by using nickel chloride solution as a raw material, a nano-sized nickel oxide powder with an average particle size below 50 nm was produced by spray pyrolysis reaction. A spray pyrolysis system was specially designed and built for this study. The influence of nozzle tip size on the properties of the produced powder was examined. When the nozzle tip size was 1 mm, the particle size distribution was more uniform than when other nozzle tip sizes were used and the average particle size of the powder was about 15 nm. When the nozzle tip size increases to 2 mm, the average particle size increases to roughly 20 nm, and the particle size distribution becomes more uneven. When the tip size increases to 3 mm, particles with an average size of 25 nm and equal to or less than 10 nm coexist and the particle size distribution becomes much more uneven. When the tip size increases to 5 mm, large particles with average size of 50 nm partially exist, mostly consisting of minute particles with average sizes in the range of 15~25 nm. When the tip size increases from 1 mm to 2 mm, the XRD peak intensities greatly increase while the specific surface area decreases. When the tip size increases to 3 mm, the XRD peak intensities decrease while the specific surface area increases. When the tip size increases to 5 mm, the XRD peak intensities increase again while the specific surface area decreases.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 1999

The effect of the composition and the heat treatment on the magnetic and magnetoresistance properties in AgCo alloy films and Fe/AgCo/Fe trilayers prepared by the co-evaporation method were studied. As the alloy film thickness decreases, especially below 50 nm thick, the magnetoresistance decreases and the saturation field increases significantly. The change of the Co content, heat treatment, and deposition of the Fe under/over-layer were effective to prevent the reduction of the and the increasing of the saturation field. For 40 at.%Co sandwiches, the minimum saturation field was obtained in the 20 nm alloy film with 30nm Fe under-over layer annealed at 300 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Its saturation field and the MR ratio were 1.01 kOe 5.16% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.690-696
• /
• 2011

In this study, nano-sized tin oxide powder with an average particle size of below 50 nm is prepared by the spray pyrolysis process. The influence of air pressure on the properties of the generated powder is examined. Along with the rise of air pressure from $0.1kg/cm^2$ to $3kg/cm^2$, the average size of the droplet-shaped particles decreases, while the particle size distribution becomes more regular. When the air pressure increases from $0.1kg/cm^2$ to $1kg/cm^2$, the average size of the dropletshaped particles, which is around 30-50 nm, shows hardly any change. When the air pressure increases up to $3kg/cm^2$, the average size of the droplet-shaped particles decreases to 30 nm. For the independent generated particles, when the air pressure is at $0.1kg/cm^2$, the average particle size is approximately 100 nm; when the air pressure increases up to $0.5kg/m^2$, the average particle size becomes more than 100 nm, and the surface structure becomes more compact; when the air pressure increases up to $1kg/cm^2$, the surface structure is almost the same as in the case of $0.5kg/cm^2$, and the average particle size is around 80- 100 nm; when the air pressure increases up to $3kg/cm^2$, the surface structure becomes incompact compared to the cases of other air pressures, and the average particle size is around 80-100 nm. Along with the rise of air pressure from $0.1kg/cm^2$ to $0.5kg/cm^2$, the XRD peak intensity slightly decreases, and the specific surface area increases. When the air pressure increases up to $1kg/cm^2$ and $3kg/cm^2$, the XRD peak intensity increases, while the specific surface area also increases.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.14 no.7 s.79
• /
• pp.624-627
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replicating patterned media by nano-injection molding process with a metallic nano-stamper. The original nano-master was fabricated by I-beam lithography and ICP etching process. The metallic nano-stamper was fabricated using a nanoimprint lithography and nano-electroforming process. Finally, the nano-patterned substrate was replicated using a nano-injection molding process without additional etching process. The replicated patterns using nano-injection molding process were as small as 50nm in diameter, 150nm in pitch, and 50nm in depth.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.20 no.5 s.95
• /
• pp.28-45
• /
• 2005

무어의 법칙을 근간으로 하는 전계효과 트랜지스터는 매 18개월마다 0.7배씩의 성공적인 소형화를 거듭하여 최근에는 50nm 크기로 구성된 약 1억 개의 트랜지스터가 집적된 칩을 생산하고 있다. 그러나 트랜지스터의 크기가 50nm 이하로 줄어들면서는 단순한 소형화 과정은 근본적인 물리적인 한계에 접근하게 되었다. 특히 게이트 절연막의최소 두께는 트랜지스터의 소형화에 가장 직접적인 중요한 요소이나, 실리콘 산화막의 두께가 2nm 이하가 되면서 게이트 절연막을 집적 터널링하는 전자에 의한 누설전류의 급격한 증가로 인하여 그 사용이 어려워지고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 트랜지스터의 소형화에 악영향을 미치는 물리적인 한계요소에 대하여 살펴보고, 이러한 소형화의 한계를 뛰어넘기 위한 노력의 일환으로 연구되고 있는 이중게이트 구조의 트랜지스터, 쇼트키 트랜지스터, 나노선을 이용한 트랜지스터 및 분자소자 등의 새로운 소자구도에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replicating patterned media by nano-injection molding process with a metallic nano-stamper. The original nano-master was fabricated by E-beam lithography and ICP etching process. The metallic nano-stamper was fabricated using a nanoimprint lithography and nano-electroforming process. The nano-patterned substrate was replicated using a nano-injection molding process without additional etching process. In nano-injection molding process, since the solidified layer, generated during the polymer filling, deteriorates transcribability of nano patterns by preventing the polymer melt from filling the nano cavities, an injection-mold system was constructed to actively control the stamper surface temperature using MEMS heater and sensors. The replicated polymeric patterns using nano-injection molding process were as small as 50 nm in diameter, 150 nm in pitch, and 50 nm in depth. The replicated polymeric patterns can be applied to high density patterned media.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.60-63
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replicating patterned media by nano-injection molding process with a metallic nano-stamper. The original nano-master was fabricated by E-beam lithography and ICP etching process. The metallic nano-stamper was fabricated using a nanoimprint lithography and nano-electroforming process. Finally, the nano-patterned substrate was replicated using a nano-injection molding process without additional etching process. The replicated patterns using nano-injection molding process were as small as 50 nm in diameter, 150 nm in pitch, and 50 nm in depth.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 1998

We investigated compositional separation of Co-23%Cr magnetic alloy thin films with varying film thicknesses. Saturation magnetization and magnetic microstructures were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning probe microscope (SPM), respectively. Saturation magnetization was as 700 emu/cc for films below 50 nm-thick, and changed to 430 emu/cc for the ones above 2000 nm-thick. This may be due to increment of molar volume of Cr-enriched phase as film thickness increases. The surface grain size in AFM (atomic force microscope) measurement becomes larger as film thickness increases. The MFM (magnetic force microscope) reveals that magnetic microstructure is changed from the fine spherical domains to the maze type domains as film thickness increases. We conclude that employing thickness of Co-22%Cr films below 50 nm is favorable for high density recording in order to enhance perpendicular saturation magnetization and SNR (signal to noise ratio).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.150-165
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate bacteriocin activity against human flora. Lactobiocin, a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus sp. HY 449, inhibited the growth of Starphylococcus epidermidis, Starphylococcus aureus, Streptoccoccus pyogenes and Propionibacterium acnes. When crude bacteriocin was added to indicator cells during logarithmic growth, the optical density(O.D 650nm) of cells without bacteriocin increase after 5h of incubation. Whereas in the presence of bacteriocin, the O.D of cell suspensions decreased. The similar patterns were observed for absorbance readings at 280 nm and 260 nm. The release of cellular components when cell were treated with Lactobiocin suggests some degree of membrane damage or cell lysis. Scanning electron microscopy of cells following treatments with Lactobiocin in PBS buffer revealed disruptures of cell morphology. These results indicate that bacteriocin appears to cause cell lysis of tested strains. In cytotoxicity on human fibroblast, LD$\_$50/ of Lactobiocin was ca. 50 mg/ml and no change was observed cell proliferation at the same concentration. Any irritation and allergic reaction did not observed when evaluated by human patch test for Lactobiocin.