• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.776-784
• /
• 1997

서 론 : 비소세포폐암은 전체 폐암의 약 75%를 차지하고 있으며 조기 발견에 이은 외과적 절제가 유일한 완치방법으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 병기 III기에서는 정립된 치료방법이 없고 여러 종류 및 조합의 치료방법이 시도되고 있다. 이에 연구자들은 수술이 불가능한 병기 IIIA 및 악성흉수를 제외한 병기 IIIB의 과거 치료력이 없는 비소세포폐암 환자에서 cisplatin, etoposide 이용한 복합화학요법을 동시에 시행하여 그의 효과 및 순응성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 10월부터 1996년 12월까지 원자력병원에 입원하여 조직학적으로 비소세포폐암으로 진단된 병기 III기의 환자중 수술이 불가능한 IIIA 및 IIIB의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 복합화학요법은 cisplatin 30mg/$m^2$/D, etoposide 80mg/$m^2$/D를 방사선요법과 동시에 시작하여 3일간 투여후 4주 간격으로 총 3회 투여하였고, 방사선요법은 5940cGy까지 진행후 치료효과를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 총 대상환자 32명 중 조기종료한 3명을 제외한 29명에서 평가가 가능하였으며, 완전관해는 없었고 부분관해 22명(75.9%), 불변 5명(17.2%), 치료중 진행하였던 경우가 2명(6.9%)으로 전체관해율은 75.9%, 중앙 생존기간 12.1개월, 1년 생존률은 50.6%로 나타났다. 치료에 의한 주된 독성은 백혈구감소로 WHO기준으로 3등급이상이 13명(45%)에서 나타났고 혈소판감소는 3등급이상이 3명(11%)에서 나타났으나 모두 회복되었고, 그밖에 오심과 구토는 대부분의 환자에서 2등급이하이었으며 방사성폐렴은 13명(46%)에서 나타났다. 결 론 : 수술이 불가능한 병기 IIIA 및 악성흉수를 제외한 병기 IIIB기 비소세포폐암환자에서 EP 복합화학요법과 방사선요법을 동시 병행한 치료는 비교적 안전하면서 효과적이었으며, 이에 대한 평가는 방사선요법을 단독으로한 치료와의 3상 연구를 요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2014

Abnormal adaptation of the stress-response system following traumatic stress can lead to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis that may contribute to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study used several behavioral tests to investigate the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant activity of L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) in an experimental rat model of anxiety and depression induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD. Male rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle or varied doses of THP 30 min prior to SPS for 8 consecutive days. Daily THP (50 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index, increased the risk assessment, and increased the number of head dips over the borders of the open arms after SPS. THP was also associated with increased time spent at the center of the open field, reduced grooming behaviors in the EPM test, and reduced time spent immobile in the forced swimming test (FST). It also blocked the decrease in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in the hypothalamus. This is the first study to determine that THP exerts pronounced anxiolytic-like and antidepressant effects on the development of the behavioral and biochemical symptoms associated with PTSD, indicating its prophylactic potential. Thus, THP reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and is a potential non-invasive therapeutic intervention for PTSD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제59권5호
• /
• pp.522-529
• /
• 2005

배 경 : 국내에서는 중증지역획득폐렴 원인균의 빈도에 대한 자료가 부족하여, 외국의 항균제 투여 지침을 따르고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 저자들은 중증지역획득폐렴을 일으키는 원인균과 초기 경험적 항균제 투여 종류에 따른 치료 성적을 분석하여 향후 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 3월부터 2004년 3월 사이에 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 내과계 중환자실에 입원했던 18세 이상의 성인 환자들 중 지역획득폐렴의 정의를 만족하는 환자를 대상으로 후향적 의무기록 분석을 시행하였다. 세균학적 검사 결과로 원인균의 빈도를 조사하였고, 항균제 투여 종류에 따른 중환자실 재원기간, 중환자실 사망률과 30일 사망률을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 기간 동안 총 116명의 환자가 본 연구 대상에 포함되었다. 대상 환자의 평균 연령은 66.5 (19-89)세 였고, 남자가 95 (81.5%)명으로 다수를 차지하였다. 원인균은 116명의 환자 가운데 54명 (46.5%)에서 동정되었는데, S. pneumoniae 14례, P. aeruginosae 9례, K. pneumoniae 9례, S. aureus 8례, H. influenza 7례 이었다. 비정형 폐렴균은 Legionella 3례, M. pneumoniae 2례 이었다. 총 116명의 환자의 중환자실 평균 재원 일수는 $15.0{\pm}13.7$일 이었으며, 중환자실 사망자 수는 27명 (23.2%), 30일 사망자 수는 33명 (28.4%) 이었다. 전체적으로 항균제 투여 군간의 중환자실 재원일수와 중환자실 사망률 및 30일 사망률은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p=0.482, 0.719,0.682). 사망 예후 인자의 다변량 분석에서는 급성호흡곤란증후군, 급성 신부전, K. pneumoniae가 통계적으로 유의한 예후 인자이었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 중증지역획득폐렴의 원인균은 S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosae, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus가 가장 많았고, K. pneumoniae는 높은 사망률을 보여 주었다. 초기 경험적 항균제 종류에 따른 중환자실 재원일수 및 30일 사망률은 차이가 없었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.153-168
• /
• 2009

This study was executed to find out the outcome of Incremental Dental Care from September to November, 2004. 40 visitors to oral health center were examined on the oral conditions every week, seven times during above-mentioned period. Various tests were practiced in order to check their oral conditions before and after IDC such as tooth-brushing method/frequency/duration, calculus index, PHP index, halitosis and dental caries activity. Question and answer sheets were presented to student dental hygienists and 40 visitors respectively after IDC program. Results obtained are as follows. 1. Rotation method of toothbrushing increased from 27.8% to 88.9%. for men and increased from 27.3% to 95% for women. 2. Toothbrushing frequency increased from 2.8 times to 3.0 times a day for men and increased from 2.6 times to 3.1 times for women. Toothbrushing duration increased from 2.3 minutes to 2.8 minutes for men and increased from 2.1 minutes to 2.9 minutes for women. 3. Calculus index reduced from 0.5 to 0.1 for men and reduced from 0.7 to 0 for women. PHP index reduced from 3.7 to 3.0 for men and reduced 3.2 to 1.7 for women. However, halitosis didn't mark any significant difference before and after IDC. 4. Saliva buffering capacity of medium plus showed no change for men(94.5%), however increased from 95.4% to 100% for women. Dental caries activity of medium plus in S.mutans reduced by 4.3 times(72.2% to 16.7%) for men and reduced by 2 times(36.4% to 18.1%) for women. LB test results reduced by 1.5 times(50% to 33.3%) for men and reduced by 2.5 times(50% to 18.1%) for women. Alban's test results reduced by 1.4 times(83.3% to 61.1%) for men and reduced by 1.2 times(81.8% to 68.2%) for women. 5. All participants including visitors and students realized the importance of IDC and expressed a great satisfaction with IDC program. In conclusion, it is considered very necessary that IDC program should be maintained and extended to whole country so as to enhance the peoples' oral health conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1576-1581
• /
• 2009

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to an urgent need for the discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. As part of an ongoing investigation into the antibacterial properties of natural products, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), isolated from the roots of Achyranthes japonica Nakai, was found to be active against MRSA, either alone or in combination with ampicillin (AM) or gentamicin (GM), via checkerboard assay. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of 20E, which exhibited poor antibacterial activity ($MIC=250-500\;{\mu}g/ml$) against MRSA tested. The combined activity of AM or GE plus 20E against MRSA resulted in fractional inhibitory concentractions (FICs) ranging from 4.00 to $0.031\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Meanwhile, the FIC index ranged from 0.16-4.50, indicating a marked synergistic relationship between AM, GE, and 20E against MRSA. Time-kill assays also showed a remarkable decrease between the combination and the more active compound. Therefore, this study demonstrated that AM, GE, and 20E can act synergistically in inhibiting MRSA in vitro.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2014

We investigated the anxiolytic-like activity of ${\alpha}$-asarone (AAS) from Acorus gramineus in an experimental rat model of anxiety induced by repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). The putative anxiolytic effect of AAS was studied in behavioral tests of anxiety, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the hole-board test (HBT) in rats. For 21 consecutive days, male rats received 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg AAS (i.p.) 30 min prior to a daily injection of CORT. Dysregulation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily AAS (200 mg/kg) administration increased open-arm exploration significantly in the EPM test, and it increased the duration of head dipping activity in the HBT. It also blocked the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and decreased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, TrkB, in the hippocampus. These results indicated that the administration of AAS prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, which are associated with modification of the central noradrenergic system and with BDNF function in rats. The current finding may improve understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for changes in emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of CORT or by elevated levels of hormones associated with chronic stress. Thus, AAS did exhibit an anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of anxiety.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1088-1096
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether wild ginseng (WG) administration could attenuate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) following withdrawal from repeated morphine administration in rats. Male rats were administered daily doses of WG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days, 30 min before morphine injection (40 mg/kg, s.c). The anxiety- and depression-like behavioral responses were measured 72 h after the last morphine injection using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Changes in hypothalamic CRF and NPY expressions were also examined by analyzing their immunoreactivities in the hypothalamus. Daily administration of WG significantly reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and elicited the suppression of CRF expression and the stimulation of NPY expression in the hypothalamus. Our results demonstrated that WG extract might be effective at inhibiting the anxiety and depression responses due to morphine withdrawal by possibly modulating the hypothalamus CRF and NPY systems. Furthermore, these findings imply that WG extract can be used for developing new medication to cure or alleviate morphine withdrawal symptoms and to prevent relapses of morphine use.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.178-186
• /
• 2020

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) contains several compounds that have been reported to alleviate menopausal symptoms via interacting with estrogen receptors (ERs). The compounds exist mainly in the form of glycosides, which exhibit low bioavailability and function. To bioconvert liquiritin and isoliquiritin, the major estrogenic compounds, to the corresponding deglycosylated liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, respectively, licorice was fermented with Monascus, which has been demonstrated to deglycosylate other substances. The contents of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin in Monascus-fermented licorice increased by 10.46-fold (from 38.03 μM to 379.75 μM) and 12.50-fold (from 5.53 μM to 69.14 μM), respectively, compared with their contents in non-fermented licorice. Monascus-fermented licorice exhibited 82.5% of the ERβ binding activity of that observed in the positive control (17 β-estradiol), whereas the non-fermented licorice exhibited 54.1% of the binding activity in an in vivo ER binding assay. The increase in the ERβ binding activity was associated with increases in liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin contents. Liquiritigenin acts as a selective ligand for ERβ, which alleviates menopausal symptoms with fewer side effects, such as heart disease and hypertension, compared with a ligand for ERα. In addition, Monascus-fermented licorice contained 731 mg/kg of monacolin K, one of the metabolites produced by Monascus that reduces serum cholesterol. Therefore, Monascus-fermented licorice is a promising material for the prevention and treatment of menopausal syndrome with fewer side effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.214-234
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this work was to study the compatibility of several commercially available dentin adhesives with composite resins. In this study, V-shaped cavity preparations were created on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 extracted human premolars($3mm{\times}3mm{\times}2mm$ deep). Preparations were located such that the occlusal margins were on the enamel and the gingival margins were on the cementum(1mm below the CEJ). These specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups. Three dentin adhesives(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All Bond 2, Prisma Universal Bond 3)were applied to the cavity in accordance with each manufacturer's instructions. The teeth in each group were restored with four composite resins(Silux plus, Z100, Bisfil, Prisma TPH) in three increments, with each increment light-cured for 40 seconds. All specimens were exposed to 500 cycles of thermal stress. Specimens then placed in a silver nitrate solution(50% by weight) and stored in darkness for 24 hours. They were then immersed for 6 hours in photographic developing solution under flourescent light. Specimens were sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration and observed under a binocular stereoscope. To compare the marginal leakage, ANOVA and Dunkan's multiple range tests were used in analysis. Selected samples were further studied using scanning electron microscopy(XL20, Philips, The Netherlands). The results were as follows. 1. In all groups, the enamel margin showed significantly less leakage than the cementum margin. 2. No statistically significant differences were found in microleakage when composite resins were used with their proprietary dentin adhesives. 3. In comparison between dentin adhesives, Prisma Universal Bond 3 showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin and Scotch bond multi-purpose showed significantly less leakage at the cementum margin than the other groups. 4. In comparison between composite resins, Silux Plus showed significantly more leakage than other groups at the enamel margin and no statistically significant differences were found in microleakage at the cementum margin. 5. According to the backscattered scanning electron microscope, microleakage occurred via gaps at the dentin adhesives/dentin interface.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2018

Objective: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with potent estrogenic effects. Saffron is an herbal product that has antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of saffron against reproductive toxicity induced by ZEA in female mice. Methods: Ninety 8-week-old female mice were randomly allocated into three treatment groups. The first group received an intraperitoneal injection of ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days. The second group received ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days plus oral saffron daily (50 mg/kg). The third group was treated with a vehicle of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on alternate days, as a control. Ten mice were euthanized from each group at 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol ($E_2$), and progesterone (P) were assessed. The uterus and ovaries were examined for changes in size or morphology. Results: Serum levels of LH, FSH, $E_2$, and P in the female mice treated with ZEA plus saffron were significantly higher than in those treated with ZEA alone, and were not significantly different from those treated with 1% DMSO. The female mice treated with ZEA alone showed a reduction in size of the uterus and abnormal architecture of the ovaries. Conclusion: The administration of saffron to female mice resulted in a significant reduction in ZEA-induced alterations in reproductive hormone levels, the size of the uterus, and the morphology of the ovaries.